CN1812982A - 苯并二氮杂䓬cgrp受体拮抗剂 - Google Patents
苯并二氮杂䓬cgrp受体拮抗剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1812982A CN1812982A CNA2004800179529A CN200480017952A CN1812982A CN 1812982 A CN1812982 A CN 1812982A CN A2004800179529 A CNA2004800179529 A CN A2004800179529A CN 200480017952 A CN200480017952 A CN 200480017952A CN 1812982 A CN1812982 A CN 1812982A
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- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- GGCSSNBKKAUURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N sufentanil Chemical compound C1CN(CCC=2SC=CC=2)CCC1(COC)N(C(=O)CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 GGCSSNBKKAUURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009080 tonabersat Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I化合物(其中变量R<sup>1</sup>、R<sup>2</sup>、R<sup>3</sup>、R<sup>6</sup>、R<sup>7</sup>、G、J、W、X和Y如本发明说明书中定义),这些化合物可用作CGRP受体的拮抗剂,并且可用于治疗或预防涉及CGRP的疾病,例如头痛、偏头痛和丛集性头痛。本发明也涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物以及这些化合物和组合物在预防或治疗这些涉及CGRP的疾病中的用途。
Description
发明背景
CGRP(降钙素基因相关肽)是一种天然存在的37个氨基酸的肽,通过组织特异性可变加工降钙素信使RNA而产生,广泛分布于中枢和外周神经系统。CGRP主要限于感觉传入神经元和中枢神经元,介导血管舒张等生物学作用。CGRP在大鼠和人中分别以α-形式和β-形式表达,其中大鼠的α-形式和β-形式有1个氨基酸不同,而人的α-形式和β-形式有3个氨基酸不同。CGRP-α和CGRP-β的生物学特性相似。当从细胞释放时,CGRP通过与特异性细胞表面受体相结合而启动其生物学反应,而这些受体主要与腺苷酸环化酶的激活相关。已经对一些组织和细胞(包括脑、心血管、内皮和平滑肌组织及细胞)进行了CGRP受体鉴定并作了药理学评价。
CGRP是一种强效的血管舒张物质,该物质与脑血管病例如偏头痛和丛集性头痛的病理有关。临床研究发现,偏头痛发作期间颈静脉的CGRP水平升高(Goadsby等,Ann.Neurol.,1990,28,183-187)。CGRP激活颅内血管平滑肌受体,导致血管舒张增强,这被认为是偏头痛发作期间头痛的主要原因(Lance,Headache Pathogenesis:Monoamines,Neuropeptides,Purines and Nitric Oxide,Lippincott-RavenPublishers,1997,3-9)。脑膜中动脉是硬脑膜的主要动脉,受三叉神经节感觉纤维(包含若干神经肽,包括CGRP)的神经支配。刺激猫的三叉神经节能引起CGRP水平升高,激活人的三叉神经系统能引起面部潮红和颈外静脉的CGRP水平升高(Goadsby等,Ann.Neurol.,1988,23,193-196)。电刺激大鼠的硬脑膜,脑膜中动脉直径增大,这种作用可以通过预先给予一种肽CGRP拮抗剂CGRP(8-37)予以阻滞(Williamson等,Cephalalgia,1997,17,525-531)。刺激大鼠三叉神经节引起的面部血流增加,可以被CGRP(8-37)抑制(Escott等,Brain Res.1995,669,93-99)。电刺激狨猴的三叉神经节引起的面部血流增加,可以通过非肽CGRP拮抗剂BIBN4096BS予以阻滞(Doods等,Br.J.Pharmacol.,2000,129,420-423)。因此,CGRP拮抗剂可以减弱、阻止或逆转CGRP的血管作用。
CGRP介导的大鼠脑膜中动脉血管舒张使三叉神经尾状核神经元敏感化(Williamson等,The CGRP Family:Calcitonin Gene-RelatedPeptide(CGRP),Amylin,and Adrenomedullin,Landes Bioscience,2000,245-247)。同样,偏头痛性头痛期间的硬脑膜血管扩张可敏化三叉神经元。偏头痛的某些相关症状(包括颅外疼痛和面部异常性疼痛)可能是三叉神经元敏感化的结果(Burstein等,Ann.Neurol.2000,47,614-624)。CGRP拮抗剂在减弱、阻止或逆转神经元敏感化作用等方面可能是有益的。
本发明化合物能够用作CGRP拮抗剂,可将它们作为治疗人和动物、尤其是人涉及CGRP的疾病的药物。这样的疾病包括偏头痛和丛集性头痛(Doods,Curr Opin Inves Drugs,2001,2(9),1261-1268;Edvinsson等,Cephalalgia,1994,14,320-327);慢性紧张型头痛(Ashina等,Neurology,2000,14,1335-1340);疼痛(Yu等,Eur.J.Pharm.,1998,347,275-282);慢性疼痛(Hulsebosch等,Pain,2000,86,163-175);神经性炎症和炎症性疼痛(Holzer,Neurosci.,1988,24,739-768;Delay-Goyet等,Acta Physiol.Scanda.1992,146,537-538;Salmon等,NatureNeurosci.,2001,4(4),357-358);眼痛(May等,Cephalalgia,2002,22,195-196)、牙痛(Awawdeh等,Iht.Endocrin.J.,2002,35,30-36)、非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病(Molina等,Diabetes,1990,39,260-265);血管病;炎症(Zhang等,Pain,2001,89,265)、关节炎、支气管超敏反应、哮喘(Foster等,Ann.NY Acad.Sci.,1992,657,397-404;Schini等,Am.J.Physiol.,1994,267,H2483-H2490;Zheng等,J.Virol.,1993,67,5786-5791);休克、脓毒病(Beer等,Crit.Care Med.,2002,30(8),1794-1798);阿片戒断综合征(Salmon等,Nature Neurosci.,2001,4(4),357-358)、吗啡耐受(Menard等,J.Neurosci.,1996,16(7),2342-2351);男女热潮红(Chen等,Lancet,1993,342,49;Spetz等,J.Urology,2001,166,1720-1723);变应性皮炎(Wallengren,Contact Dermatitis,2000,43(3),137-143);牛皮癣;脑炎、脑外伤、局部缺血、中风、癫痫和神经变性性疾病(Rohrenbeck等,Neurobiol.of Disease 1999,6,15-34);皮肤病(Geppetti和Holzer编著,Neurogenic Inflammation,1996,CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL)、神经性皮肤发红、皮肤玫瑰红和红斑;耳鸣(Herzog等,J.Membrane Biology,2002,189(3),225);炎性肠病、过敏性肠综合征(Hoffman等,Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology,2002,37(4)414-422)和膀胱炎。尤其重要的是急性或预防性治疗头痛,包括偏头痛和丛集性头痛。
本发明涉及用作CGRP受体的配体的化合物、特别是用作CGRP受体拮抗剂的化合物、它们的制备方法、它们的治疗用途、包含它们的药物组合物以及利用它们进行治疗的方法。
发明概述
本发明涉及下式I化合物:
(其中变量R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、G、J、W、X和Y如本文中定义),上述化合物用作CGRP受体拮抗剂,并用于治疗或预防涉及CGRP的疾病,例如头痛、偏头痛和丛集性头痛。本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物以及这些化合物和组合物在预防或治疗涉及CGRP的疾病中的用途。
发明详述
本发明涉及下式I化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中:
R1选自:
1)H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-6环烷基和杂环基,它们是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
v)O(CO)R4;和
2)芳基或杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
v)O(CO)R4;和
R2独立选自H和下列基团:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)C3-6环烷基,
3)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
4)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
5)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
6)(F)pC1-3烷基,
7)卤素,
8)OR4,
9)O(CH2)sOR4,
10)CO2R4,
11)(CO)NR10R11,
12)O(CO)NR10R11,
13)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
14)N(R10)(CO)R11,
15)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
16)SO2NR10R11,
17)N(R10)SO2R11,
18)S(O)mR10,
19)CN,
20)NR10R11,
21)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
22)O(CO)R4;
R7选自:
1)H、C0-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-6环烷基和杂环基,它们是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,
v)O(CO)R4;和
2)芳基或杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
v)O(CO)R4;
R4选自:H、C1-6烷基、(F)pC1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基和苄基,它们是未取代的或者被以下基团取代:卤素、羟基或C1-C6烷氧基;
R5独立选自H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、OR4、N(R4)2、CO2R4和(F)pC1-6烷基;
W为O、NR4或C(R4)2;
X为C或S;
Y为O、(R4)2、NCN、NSO2CH3或NCONH2,或者当X为S时,Y为O2;
R3独立选自H、取代或未取代的C1-C3烷基、CN和CO2R4;
R6独立选自H和下列基团:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
v)O(CO)R4;
R10和R11独立选自:H、C1-6烷基、(F)pC1-6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基和苄基,它们是未取代的或者被以下基团取代:卤素、羟基或C1-C6烷氧基,其中R10和R11可以结合在一起形成选自以下的环:氮杂环丁烷基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基和吗啉基,所述环是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4;
G-J选自:N、N-C(R5)2、C=C(R5)、C=N;C(R5)、C(R5)-C(R5)2、C(R5)-C(R5)2-C(R5)2、C=C(R5)-C(R5)2、C(R5)-C(R5)=C(R5)、C(R5)-C(R5)2-N(R5)、C=C(R5)-N(R5)、C(R5)-C(R5)=N、C(R5)-N(R5)-C(R5)2、C=N-C(R5)2、C(R5)-N=C(R5)、C(R5)-N(R5)-N(R5)、C=N-N(R5)、N-C(R5)2-C(R5)2、N-C(R5)=C(R5)、N-C(R5)2-N(R5)、N-C(R5)=N、N-N(R5)-C(R5)2和N-N=C(R5);
p为0至2q+1,对于具有q个碳的取代基而言;
m为0、1或2;
n为0或1;
s为1、2或3。
本发明的一个实施方案包括下式Ia化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、G、J和W如本文中定义。
本发明的另一个实施方案包括式Ia化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体,其中R7为苯基,其是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)OH,
c)OR5,
d)卤素,
e)CO2R4,
f)S(O)mR5,
g)N(R4)2,和
j)CN,
并且其中R1、R2、R3、R6、G、J和W如本文中定义。
本发明的另一个实施方案包括式Ia化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体,其中R7为杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)OH,
c)OR5,
d)卤素,
e)CO2R4,
f)S(O)mR5,
g)N(R4)2,和
j)CN,
并且其中R1、R2、R3、R6、G、J和W如本文中定义。
本发明的另一个实施方案包括式Ia化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体,其中R7选自H和C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烯基、C1-C6炔基、C3-C6环烷基,它们是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C1-6烷氧基,
c)氟,
d)HO,
e)OR5,
f)CO2R4,
g)CON(R4)2,
h)S(O)mR5,和
i)N(R4)2;和
并且其中R1、R2、R3、R6、G、J和W如本文中定义。
本发明的又一个实施方案包括式Ia化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体,其中R7为杂环基,其是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C1-6烷氧基,
c)氟,
d)HO,
e)OR5,
f)CO2R4,
g)CON(R4)2,
h)S(O)mR5,和
i)N(R4)2;和
并且其中R1、R2、R3、R6、G、J和W如本文中定义。
本发明的再一实施方案包括下式Ib化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、G、J、X和Y如本文中定义。
本发明的再一实施方案包括下式Ic化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、G、J、X和Y如本文中定义。
本发明的再又一实施方案包括下式Id化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中R1、R2、R3、R6、R7、G、J、X和Y如本文中定义。
应当知道,当一个或多个上述结构或亚结构出现多个具有相同命名的取代基时,每个这样的取代基变量与各个类似命名的取代基变量可以相同或不同。例如,式I中R2出现了4次,式I中每个R2可独立为R2定义的任何亚结构。对某一特定结构来说,本发明并不限于每个R2必须是相同的结构和亚结构。对于结构或亚结构中多次出现的任何变量同样如此。
本发明化合物可包含一个或多个不对称中心,因此,本发明化合物可以外消旋体和外消旋混合物、单一对映体、非对映体混合物和单一非对映体的形式存在。根据分子上各种取代基的性质,可以存在另外的不对称中心。每个这样的不对称中心将会独立产生两种旋光异构体,所有可能的旋光异构体和非对映体混合物以及纯的或部分纯化的化合物都属于本发明范畴。本发明包括这些化合物的所有这样的异构体形式。
本文描述的某些化合物包含烯属双键,除非另有说明,否则包括E和Z几何异构体。
正如本领域所公知的,可以通过适当修改本文公开的方法,完成这些非对映体的独立合成或其色谱分离。通过对结晶产物或结晶中间体(必要时,用包含已知绝对构型的不对称中心的试剂衍生获得)进行X-射线晶体学检测,可以对其绝对立体化学进行测定。
如果需要,可以对化合物的外消旋混合物进行分离,以便分离出单一对映体。可以通过本领域众所周知的方法进行这种分离,例如使化合物的外消旋混合物与对映体纯的化合物偶合形成非对映异构混合物,然后通过标准方法(例如分步结晶或色谱法)分离单一非对映体。使用对映体纯的酸或碱时,这种偶联反应通常会形成盐。然后可以通过裂解所加入的手性残基,使非对映体衍生物转化为纯的对映体。也可以利用手性固定相等色谱法,直接分离出化合物的外消旋混合物,这些方法是本领域众所周知的。
或者,利用已知构型的旋光纯原料或试剂,通过本领域众所周知的方法,经立体有择合成获得化合物的任何对映体。
正如本领域技术人员应当知道的,并非所有的R10和R11取代基都能够形成环状结构。而且,甚至那些能够形成环状结构的取代基也可以形成或者不形成环状结构。
正如本领域技术人员还应当知道的,本文所用的卤基或卤素包括氯、氟、溴和碘。
本文所用的“烷基”是指没有双键或三键的直链、支链和环状结构。因此,C1-6烷基的定义为具有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳的直链或支链排列的基团,因此C1-6烷基具体包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、戊基和己基。“环烷基”是指其中部分或全部形成三个以上原子的环的烷基。C0或C0烷基的定义为存在直接的共价键。
术语“烯基”是指具有指定碳原子数、至少一个碳-碳双键的直链或支链结构和它们的组合,其中氢可被另外的碳-碳双键置换。例如,C2-6烯基包括乙烯基、丙烯基、1-甲基乙烯基、丁烯基等。
术语“炔基”是指具有指定碳原子数、至少一个碳-碳三键的直链或支链结构和它们的组合。因此,C2-6炔基的定义为具有2、3、4、5或6个碳的直链或支链排列的基团,这样,C2-6炔基具体包括2-己炔基和2-戊炔基。
本文所用的“芳基”是指每个环至多7元、其中至少一个环为芳族的任何稳定的单环或双环碳环。这样的芳基实例包括苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、茚满基或联苯基。
除非另有说明,否则本文所用的术语“杂环”表示饱和或不饱和的稳定的5-7元单环杂环系或稳定的8-11元双环杂环系,其由碳原子和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子组成,其中氮和硫杂原子可任选被氧化,氮杂原子可任选被季铵化,并且包括上文定义的任何杂环与苯环稠合的任何双环基团。杂环可与产生稳定结构的任何杂原子或碳原子连接。这样的杂环基团的实例包括但不限于氮杂环丁烷、苯并二氢吡喃、二氢呋喃、二氢吡喃、二氧杂环己烷、二氧杂环戊烷、六氢吖庚因、咪唑烷、咪唑烷酮、咪唑啉、咪唑啉酮、二氢吲哚、异苯并二氢吡喃、异二氢吲哚、异噻唑啉、异噻唑烷、异噁唑啉、异噁唑烷、吗啉、吗啉酮、噁唑啉、噁唑烷、噁唑烷酮、氧杂环丁烷、2-氧代六氢吖庚因、2-氧代哌嗪、2-氧代哌啶、2-氧代吡咯烷、哌嗪、哌啶、吡喃、吡唑烷、吡唑啉、吡咯烷、吡咯啉、奎宁环、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、硫吗啉、噻唑啉、噻唑烷、硫代吗啉和它们的N-氧化物。
除非另有说明,否则本文所用的术语“杂芳基”表示包含芳族环的稳定的5-7元单环杂环系或稳定的9-10元稠合双环杂环系,其中任何环可为饱和的(例如哌啶基)、部分饱和的或不饱和的(例如吡啶基),并且由碳原子和1-4个选自N、O和S的杂原子组成,其中氮和硫杂原子可任选被氧化,氮杂原子可任选被季铵化,且包括上文定义的任何杂环与苯环稠合的任何双环基团。杂环可与产生稳定结构的任何杂原子或碳原子连接。这样的杂芳基的实例包括但不限于苯并咪唑、苯并异噻唑、苯并异噁唑、苯并呋喃、苯并噻唑、苯并噻吩、苯并三唑、苯并噁唑、咔啉、噌啉、呋喃、呋咱、咪唑、吲唑、吲哚、吲嗪、异喹啉、异噻唑、异噁唑、萘啶、噁二唑、噁唑、酞嗪、蝶啶、嘌呤、吡喃、吡嗪、吡唑、哒嗪、吡啶、嘧啶、吡咯、喹唑啉、喹啉、喹喔啉、四唑、噻二唑、噻唑、噻吩、三嗪、三唑和它们的N-氧化物。
术语“烷氧基”,例如C1-C6烷氧基,是指包括1-6个碳原子的直链、支链和环状构型的烷氧基。实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、环丙氧基、环己氧基等。
本文所用的短语“药物可接受的”是指在合理的医疗判断范围内适用于接触人体组织和动物组织而没有过度的毒性、刺激性、变态反应或其它问题或并发症、而且具有合理利益/风险比的那些化合物、物质、组合物和/或剂型。
本文所用的“药物可接受的盐”是指母体化合物通过改性产生其酸式盐或碱式盐的衍生物。药物可接受的盐的实例包括但不限于碱性残基(例如胺)的无机酸盐或有机酸盐;酸性残基(例如羧酸)的碱金属盐或有机盐等。药物可接受的盐包括母体化合物与例如无毒的无机酸或有机酸形成的常规无毒盐或季铵盐。例如,这样的常规无毒盐包括例如下列无机酸衍生的盐:盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、氨基磺酸、磷酸、硝酸等;以及由例如下列有机酸制备的盐:乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、硬脂酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸酸、双羟萘酸、马来酸、羟基马来酸、苯乙酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、磺胺酸、2-乙酸基苯甲酸、富马酸、甲苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙二磺酸、草酸、羟乙磺酸等。
在某些情况下,存在的某些变量的数目根据存在的碳原子数目而定。例如,变量“p”有时的定义如下:“对于具有q个碳的取代基,p为0至2q+1”。当取代基为“(F)pC1-3烷基”时,这是指当有1个碳时,那么就有2(1)+1=3个氟。当有2个碳时,那么就有2(2)+1=5个氟,当有3个碳时,那么就有2(3)+1=7个氟。
当本发明化合物呈碱性时,盐可由药物可接受的无毒酸(包括无机酸和有机酸)而制得。这样的酸包括乙酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柠檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、谷氨酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、羟乙磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、粘酸、硝酸、双羟萘酸、泛酸、磷酸、琥珀酸、硫酸、酒石酸、对甲苯磺酸等。本发明的一个方面为下列酸的盐:柠檬酸、氢溴酸、盐酸、马来酸、磷酸、硫酸、富马酸和酒石酸。应当知道,本文提及的式I化合物还包括药物可接受的盐。
本发明的一个实施方案为实施例和本文公开的化合物的用途。本发明的具体化合物包括选自以下实施例公开的化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体的化合物。
本发明化合物可用于拮抗需要这种拮抗作用的患者(例如哺乳动物)体内CGRP受体的方法,该方法包括给予有效量的化合物。本发明涉及本文公开的作为CGRP受体拮抗剂的化合物的用途。除灵长类、尤其是人以外,其它各种哺乳动物也可根据本发明的方法进行治疗。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及治疗、控制、缓解患者涉及CGRP受体的疾病或病症或者降低其危险的方法,该方法包括给予所述患者治疗有效量的作为CGRP受体拮抗剂的化合物。
本发明还涉及用于制备拮抗人和动物体内CGRP受体活性的药物的方法,该方法包括将本发明化合物与药用载体或稀释剂进行混合。
用本发明方法进行治疗的对象通常是需要拮抗CGRP受体活性的哺乳动物,例如人(男人或女人)。术语“治疗有效量”是指由研究人员、兽医、医学博士或其它临床医师所确定的上述化合物在组织、系统、动物或人中引发生物反应或药物反应的量。本文所用的术语“治疗”是指治疗和预防或预防性治疗上述病症,对于易患上述疾病或病症的患者尤其如此。
本文所用的术语“组合物”是指包括含规定剂量的规定成分的产品以及由规定剂量的规定成分直接或间接地组合而获得的任何产品。这样的术语用于药物组合物时,是指包括含活性成分和形成载体的惰性成分的产品,以及直接或间接组合、复合或聚合任两种或两种以上成分而获得的任何产品,或者离解一种或多种成分获得的任何产品,或者一种或多种成分进行其它类型的反应或相互作用获得的任何产品。因此,本发明的药物组合物包括将本发明化合物和药物可接受的载体混合形成的任何组合物。“药物可接受的”是指载体、稀释剂或赋形剂必须与制剂中的其它成分相容,并且对其接受者无害。
术语“给予”化合物应当理解为给需要治疗的个体提供本发明化合物或本发明化合物的前体药物。
可以通过本领域已知的方法,证明本发明化合物作为CGRP受体活性拮抗剂的功效。对125I-CGRP与受体结合的抑制作用和CGRP受体的功能性拮抗作用的测定如下:
天然受体结合测定:在SK-N-MC细胞膜中进行125I-CGRP与受体的结合,实验方法参见(Edvinsson等(2001)Eur.J.Pharmacol.415,39-44)。简而言之:将细胞膜(25μg)在含有10pM125I-CGRP和拮抗剂的1ml结合缓冲液[10mM HEPES(pH7.4)、5mM MgCl2和0.2%牛血清白蛋白(BSA)]中孵育。于室温孵育3小时后,经GFB玻璃纤维滤板(Millipore)过滤终止测定,该板已经用0.5%聚乙烯亚胺封闭3小时。滤板用冰冷的测定缓冲液洗涤3次,然后将板风干。加入闪烁液(50μl),用Topcount(Packard Instrument)对放射性进行计数。用Prism进行数据分析,用Cheng-Prusoff公式(Cheng & Prusoff(1973)Biochem.Pharmacol.22,3099-3108)求出Ki。
天然受体功能测定:让SK-N-MC细胞在以下条件下生长:在补充10%胎牛血清、2mM L-谷氨酰胺、0.1mM非必需氨基酸、1mM丙酮酸钠、100单位/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素的极限必需培养基(MEM)中,37℃,湿度95%,5%CO2。对于cAMP测定,将细胞以5×105细胞/孔接种于96孔聚-D-赖氨酸包被的板(Becton-Dickinson),大约培养18小时后进行测定。细胞用磷酸缓冲盐溶液(PBS,Sigma)洗涤,然后与300μM异丁基甲基黄嘌呤一起在无血清MEM中于37℃预孵育30分钟。加入拮抗剂,将细胞孵育10分钟,然后加入CGRP。再继续孵育15分钟,然后用PBS洗涤细胞,根据生产商推荐的方案进行cAMP测定。用100nM CGRP确定基线以上的最大刺激。运用Prism绘制剂量-反应曲线。计算剂量比(DR),并用来绘出完全Schild曲线图(Arunlakshaha & Schild(1959)Br.J.Pharmacol.14,48-58)。
重组受体:将人CRLR(Genbank检索号L76380)作为5’NheI和3’PmeI片段亚克隆到表达载体pIREShyg2(BD Biosciences Clontech)中。将人RAMP1(Genbank检索号AJ001014)作为5’NheI和3’NotI片段亚克隆到表达载体pIRESpuro2(BD Biosciences Clontech)中。将293细胞(人胚肾细胞;ATCC#CRL-1573)在含有4.5g/L葡萄糖、1mM丙酮酸钠和2mM谷氨酰胺并补充10%胎牛血清(FBS)、100单位/ml青霉素和100μg/ml链霉素的DMEM中于37℃和湿度95%下进行培养。细胞用含有0.25%胰蛋白酶和0.1%EDTA的HBSS处理进行传代培养。在75cm2培养瓶中,用10μg DNA和30μg Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen)共转染产生稳定的细胞系子代。将CRLR和RAMP1表达构建体以等量共转染。转染后24小时,稀释细胞,第二天加入选择性培养基(生长培养基+300μg/ml潮霉素和1μg/ml嘌呤霉素)。利用FACS Vantage SE(Becton Dickinson),通过单细胞沉淀产生克隆细胞系。将生长培养基调节至150μg/ml潮霉素和0.5μg/ml嘌呤霉素供细胞增殖用。
重组受体结合测定:将表达重组人CRLR/RAMP1的细胞用PBS洗涤,用含有50mM HEPES、1mM EDTA和完全蛋白酶抑制剂(Roche)的收获缓冲液进行收获。用实验室匀浆器破碎细胞悬液,以48,000g离心分离细胞膜。将离心沉淀物重悬于加有250mM蔗糖的收获缓冲液中,于-70℃贮藏。对于结合测定,将10μg细胞膜在含有10pM125I-hCGRP(Amersham Biosciences)和拮抗剂的1ml结合缓冲液(10mMHEPES(pH7.4)、5mM MgCl2和0.2%BSA)中于室温孵育3小时。经96孔GFB玻璃纤维滤板(Millipore)过滤终止测定,该板已经用0.05%聚乙烯亚胺封闭。滤板用冰冷的测定缓冲液(10mM HEPES pH7.4)洗涤3次。加入闪烁液,用Topcount(Packard)对板进行计数。测定非特异性结合,运用非线性最小二乘方拟合结合的CPM数据求出的表观解离常数(Ki),并运用下面的等式,进行数据分析:
Y 观测值 =
(Y 最大 -Y 最小 )(%I 最大 -%I 最小 /100)+Y 最小 +(Y 最大 -Y 最小 )(100-%I 最大 /100)
1+([药物]/Ki(1+[放射性标记]/Kd)nH
其中Y为结合CPM的观测值,Y最大为总结合计数,Y最小为非特异性结合计数,(Y最大-Y最小)为特异性结合计数,%I最大为最大抑制百分率,%I最小为最小抑制百分率,放射标记为探针,Kd为热饱和实验测定的放射配体与受体的表观解离常数。
重组受体功能测定:将细胞以85,000细胞/孔接种于完全生长培养基的96孔聚-D-赖氨酸包被的板(Corning)中,大约培养19小时后进行测定。细胞用PBS洗涤,然后与抑制剂一起在含有L-谷氨酰胺和1g/L BSA的Cellgro完全无血清/低蛋白培养基(Mediatech,Inc.)中于37℃和湿度95%下孵育30分钟。将异丁基甲基黄嘌呤以300μM的浓度加入到细胞中,于37℃孵育30分钟。将人α-CGRP以0.3nM的浓度加入到细胞中,于37℃孵育5分钟。α-CGRP刺激后,细胞用PBS洗涤,根据生产商推荐的方案,用两步测定法进行cAMP测定(cAMP SPA正筛选测定系统;RPA 559;Amersham Biosciences)。绘制剂量反应曲线,通过等式y=((a-d)/(1+(x/c)b)+d定义的四参数逻辑斯谛拟合求出IC50值,其中y=反应,x=剂量,a=最大反应,d=最小反应,c=拐点,b=斜率。
具体地说,在上述测定中,下列实施例化合物具有作为CGRP受体拮抗剂的活性,总的来讲,其Ki或IC50值约小于50μM。结果表明,所述化合物的内在活性可用作CGRP受体的拮抗剂。
本发明化合物可以用作CGRP拮抗剂,因此,可以用作人和动物、尤其是人的涉及CGRP的疾病的药物。
本发明化合物可用于治疗、预防、缓解、控制一种或多种下列病症或疾病或者降低其危险:头痛;偏头痛;丛集性头痛;慢性紧张型头痛;疼痛;慢性疼痛;神经性炎症和炎症性疼痛;神经病性疼痛;眼痛;牙痛;糖尿病;非胰岛素依赖性糖尿病;血管病;炎症;关节炎;支气管超敏反应、哮喘;休克;脓毒病;阿片戒断综合征;吗啡耐受;男性及女性热潮红;变应性皮炎;牛皮癣;脑炎;脑外伤;癫痫;神经变性性疾病;皮肤病;神经性皮肤发红、皮肤玫瑰红和红斑;炎性肠病、过敏性肠综合征、膀胱炎;以及其它可以通过拮抗CGRP受体进行治疗或预防的病症。尤其重要的是急性或预防性治疗头痛,包括偏头痛和丛集性头痛。
本发明化合物还可用于预防、治疗、控制、缓解本文所述疾病、紊乱和病症或者降低其危险的方法中。
本发明化合物还可与其它药物联合用于预防、治疗、控制、缓解上述疾病、紊乱和病症或者降低其危险的方法中。
本发明化合物可以与一种或多种其它药物联合用于治疗、预防、控制、缓解对式I化合物或其它药物的治疗有效的疾病或病症或者降低其危险,所述联合药物比任一药物单用更安全或更有效。这样的其它药物可以与式I化合物通过某一途径以其常用量同时或序贯给药。当式I化合物与一种或多种其它药物同时使用时,优选包含这样的其它药物和式I化合物的药物组合物的单位剂型。然而,联合治疗还可包括式I化合物和一种或多种其它药物以不同重迭方案用药的疗法。当与一种或多种其它活性成分联合使用时,还应当考虑以低于各自单独使用时的剂量使用本发明化合物和其它活性成分。因此,本发明的药物组合物除包含式I化合物外,还包含一种或多种其它活性成分。
例如,本发明化合物可以与以下药物联用:抗偏头痛药,例如麦角胺和二氢麦角胺,或其它5-羟色胺激动剂,尤其是5-HT1B/1D激动剂,例如舒马曲普坦、那拉曲普坦、佐米曲普坦、依来曲普坦、阿莫曲普坦、夫罗曲普坦、多尼曲普坦和利扎曲普坦,5-HT1D激动剂,例如PNU-142633和5-HT1F激动剂,例如LY334370;环加氧酶抑制剂,例如选择性环加氧酶-2抑制剂,例如罗非考昔、艾托考昔、塞来考昔、伐地考昔或帕雷考昔(paracoxib);非甾体抗炎药或细胞因子-抑制性抗炎药,例如与下列化合物联用:例如布洛芬、酮洛芬、非诺洛芬、萘普生、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、美洛昔康、吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、氯诺昔康、酮咯酸、依托度酸、甲芬那酸、甲氧芬那酸、氟芬那酸、托芬那酸、双氯芬酸、噁丙嗪、阿扎丙宗、尼美舒利、萘丁美酮、替尼达普、依那西普、托美丁、保泰松、羟布宗、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦或柳氮磺吡啶,等等;或糖皮质激素。同样,本发明化合物可以与以下药物联合用药:镇痛药,例如阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚、非那西丁、芬太尼、舒芬太尼、美沙酮、醋美沙朵、丁丙诺啡或吗啡。
另外,本发明化合物可以与以下药物联用:白介素抑制剂,例如白介素-1抑制剂;NK-1受体拮抗剂,例如阿瑞吡坦(aprepitant);NMDA拮抗剂;NR2B拮抗剂;缓激肽-1受体拮抗剂;腺苷A1受体激动剂;钠通道阻滞剂,例如拉莫三嗪;阿片激动剂,例如左醋美沙朵或醋美沙朵;脂加氧酶抑制剂,例如5-脂加氧酶抑制剂;α受体拮抗剂,例如吲哚拉明;α受体激动剂;香草素受体拮抗剂;肾素抑制剂;粒酶B抑制剂;P物质拮抗剂;内皮素拮抗剂;去甲肾上腺素前体;抗焦虑药,例如地西泮、阿普唑仑、甲氨二氮_和氯氮_;5-羟色胺5HT2受体拮抗剂;阿片样物质激动剂,例如可待因、氢可酮、曲马多、右丙氧芬和febtanyl;mGluR5激动剂、拮抗剂或增效剂;GABA A受体调节剂,例如阿坎酸钙;烟碱拮抗剂或激动剂,包括烟碱;毒蕈碱激动剂或拮抗剂;选择性5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂,例如氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、度洛西汀、依他普仑或西酞普兰;抗抑郁药,例如阿米替林、去甲替林、氯米帕明、丙咪嗪、文拉法辛、多塞平、普罗替林、地昔帕明、曲米帕明或丙咪嗪;白三烯拮抗剂,例如孟鲁司特或扎鲁司特;一氧化氮抑制剂或一氧化氮合成抑制剂。
另外,本发明化合物可以与以下药物联用:间隙连接抑制剂;神经元钙通道阻滞剂,例如civamide;AMPA/KA拮抗剂,例如LY293558;σ受体激动剂;和维生素B2。
另外,本发明化合物可以与以下药物联用:不是麦角胺和二氢麦角胺的麦角类生物碱,例如麦角新碱、麦角新碱、甲基麦角新碱、甲麦角林、甲磺酸二氢麦角碱、二氢麦角柯宁碱、二氢麦角克碱、二氢麦角隐亭碱、二氢-α-麦角隐亭碱、二氢-β-麦角隐亭碱、麦角毒碱、麦角柯宁碱、麦角克碱、麦角隐亭碱、α-麦角隐亭碱、β-麦角隐亭碱、麦角生碱、麦角甾烷、溴隐亭或美西麦角。
另外,本发明化合物可以与以下药物联用:β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂,例如噻吗洛尔、普萘洛尔、阿替洛尔、美托洛尔或纳多洛尔,等等;MAO抑制剂,例如苯乙肼;钙通道阻滞剂,例如氟桂利嗪、地尔硫_、氨氯地平、非洛地平、尼索地平、伊拉地平、尼莫地平、洛美利嗪、维拉帕米、硝苯地平或丙氯拉嗪;精神安定药,例如奥氮平、氟哌利多、丙氯拉嗪、氯丙嗪和喹硫平;抗惊厥药,例如托吡酯、唑尼沙胺、托那博沙、卡拉博沙、左乙拉西坦、拉莫三嗪、噻加宾、加巴喷丁、普加巴林或双丙戊酸钠;抗高血压药,例如血管紧张素II拮抗剂,例如氯沙坦、厄贝沙坦(irbesartin)、缬沙坦、依普罗沙坦、替米沙坦、奥美沙坦酯、坎地沙坦和坎地沙坦西酯、血管紧张素I拮抗剂,血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂,例如赖诺普利、依那普利、卡托普利、贝那普利、喹那普利、培哚普利、雷米普利和群多普利;或肉毒杆菌毒素A型或B型。
本发明化合物可以与以下药物联用:增效剂,例如咖啡因、H2-拮抗剂、西甲硅油、氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁;减充血药,例如羟甲唑啉、肾上腺素、萘甲唑啉、赛洛唑啉、丙己君或左-脱氧-麻黄碱;镇咳药,例如卡拉美芬、喷托维林或右美沙芬;利尿药;胃肠蠕动促进剂,例如甲氧氯普胺或多潘立酮,以及镇静或非镇静抗组胺药,例如阿伐斯汀、阿扎他定、溴马秦、溴苯那敏、卡比沙明、氯苯那敏、氯马斯汀、右溴苯那敏、右氯苯那敏、苯海拉明、多西拉敏、氯雷他定、苯茚胺、非尼拉敏、苯托沙敏、异丙嗪、美吡拉敏、特非那定、曲普利啶、去氧肾上腺素、苯丙醇胺或伪麻黄碱。本发明化合物可与止吐药联用。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,本发明化合物可以与以下药物联用:抗偏头痛药,例如:麦角胺或二氢麦角胺;5-HT1激动剂,尤其是5-HT1B/1D激动剂,特别是舒马曲普坦、那拉曲普坦、佐米曲普坦、依来曲普坦、阿莫曲普坦、夫罗曲普坦、多尼普曲坦、阿维曲普坦和利扎曲普坦,以及其它5-羟色胺激动剂;和环加氧酶抑制剂,例如选择性环加氧酶-2抑制剂,特别是罗非考昔、艾托考昔、塞来考昔、伐地考昔或帕雷考昔。
上述联合药物不仅包括本发明化合物与一种其它活性化合物的联合,而且包括本发明化合物与两种以上其它活性化合物的联合。同样,本发明化合物可以与其它药物联用,用于预防、治疗、控制、缓解本发明化合物对其有效的疾病或病症或者降低其危险。这类其它药物可与本发明化合物通过某一途径以其常用量同时或序贯给药。当本发明化合物与一种或多种其它药物同时使用时,优选除包含本发明化合物外还包含这样的其它药物的药物组合物。因此,本发明的药物组合物包括除包含本发明化合物外还包含一种或多种其它活性成分的药物组合物。
本发明化合物与其它活性成分的重量比可以变化,并且将会取决于每种成分的有效剂量。一般而言,应当使用每种成分的有效剂量。因此,例如,当本发明化合物与另一种药物联用时,本发明化合物与另一种药物的重量比通常为约1000∶1至约1∶1000或约200∶1至约1∶200。本发明化合物与其它活性成分的联合药物通常也在上述范围之内,但每次均应当使用每种活性成分的有效剂量。
在这样的联合药物中,本发明化合物和其它活性剂可以独立或者一起给予。另外,可以首先给予一种药物,然后通过相同或不同给药途径同时或序贯给予其它药物。
本发明化合物可通过下列给药途径给予:口服、胃肠外(例如肌内、腹膜内、静脉内、ICV、脑池内注射或输注、皮下注射或植入)、吸入喷雾、鼻、阴道、直肠、舌下或局部给药途径,并且可以单独或一起配制成适于各种给药途径的合适剂量单位制剂,其包含常规无毒的药物可接受的载体、辅料和赋形剂。本发明化合物除治疗温血动物外,还有效用于治疗人。
对于给予本发明化合物的药物组合物可以为常规的剂量单位形式,并且可通过制药领域众所周知的任何方法制备。所有方法都包括将活性成分与一种或多种辅助剂构成的载体混合的步骤。通常如下制备药物组合物:使活性成分与相关液体载体或微细固体载体或二者充分混匀,然后,必要时,将产品定型为所需的制剂。药物组合物中包含的活性化合物的剂量足以对疾病的病变或状况产生所需效果。本文所用的术语“组合物”包括含规定剂量的规定成分的产品以及由规定剂量的规定成分直接或间接地组合而获得的任何产品。
包含活性成分的药物组合物可以为适于口服的形式,例如片剂、糖锭剂、锭剂、水性混悬剂或油性混悬剂、分散粉剂或颗粒剂、乳剂、溶液剂、硬质或软质胶囊剂、或糖浆剂或酏剂。口服用组合物可以根据药物组合物制备领域已知的任何方法制备,并且这样的组合物可包含一种或多种选自甜味剂、矫味剂、着色剂和防腐剂的物质以提供美观适口的药物制剂。片剂包含活性成分和适于制备片剂的无毒的药物可接受的赋形剂。这些赋形剂可以是例如惰性稀释剂,例如碳酸钙、碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;制粒剂和崩解剂,例如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;粘合剂,例如淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶;以及润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石粉。片剂可以不包衣或者用已知的技术包衣,以便在胃肠道中延迟崩解和吸收,从而提供长效持续作用。例如,可以使用延时物质,例如单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。它们还可通过美国专利4,256,108、4,166,452和4,265,874中介绍的方法包衣,以形成控制释放的渗透性治疗用片剂。口服片剂还可配制为速释片剂,例如快速熔化片剂或糯米纸囊剂、快速溶解片剂或快速溶解膜剂。
口服制剂还可为硬明胶胶囊剂,其中活性成分与碳酸钙、磷酸钙或高岭土等惰性固体稀释剂混合在一起;或者为软明胶胶囊剂,其中活性成分与花生油、液体石蜡或橄榄油等水或油介质混合在一起。
水性混悬剂包含活性物质和适于制备水性混悬剂的赋形剂。这样的赋形剂为悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄芪树胶和阿拉伯树胶;分散剂或湿润剂可为天然磷脂(例如卵磷脂)、或烯化氧与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、或环氧乙烷与长链脂肪醇的缩合产物(例如十七碳乙烯氧基十六醇)、或环氧乙烷与脂肪酸和己糖醇衍生的偏酯的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯山梨醇单油酸酯)、或环氧乙烷与脂肪酸以及己糖醇酐衍生的偏酯的缩合产物(例如聚乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯)。水性混悬剂还可以包含一种或多种防腐剂(例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯)、一种或多种着色剂、一种或多种矫味剂以及一种或多种甜味剂(例如蔗糖或糖精)。
油性混悬剂可以如下配制:将活性成分悬浮于植物油(例如花生油、橄榄油、芝麻油或椰子油)或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)中。油性混悬剂还可以包含增稠剂例如蜂蜡、固体石蜡或鲸蜡醇。可以加入甜味剂(例如上述甜味剂)和矫味剂以提供适口的口服制剂。这些组合物中可以加入抗氧化剂(例如抗坏血酸)防腐。
分散粉剂和分散颗粒剂,适合通过加入水制成水性混悬剂,通常包含活性成分以及分散剂或湿润剂、悬浮剂以及一种或多种防腐剂。合适的分散剂或湿润剂以及悬浮剂已在上文中示例说明。还可包含其它赋形剂,例如甜味剂、矫味剂和着色剂。
本发明药物组合物也可以为水包油乳剂形式。油相可以为植物油(例如橄榄油或花生油)或矿物油(例如液体石蜡)或者这些物质的混合物。合适的乳化剂可为天然树胶(例如阿拉伯树胶或黄芪树胶)、天然磷脂(例如大豆卵磷脂)、衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇酐的酯或偏酯(例如脱水山梨醇单油酸酯)以及所述偏酯与环氧乙烷的缩合产物(例如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯)。乳剂还可包含甜味剂和矫味剂。
糖浆剂和酏剂可与甜味剂(例如甘油、丙二醇、山梨醇或蔗糖)一起配制。这样的制剂还可包含缓和剂、防腐剂、矫味剂和着色剂。
药物组合物可以为无菌注射水性或油性混悬剂。这种混悬剂可根据已知技术用上述适当的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂配制。无菌注射制剂还可为其中含有无毒胃肠外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂的无菌注射溶液剂或混悬剂,例如含有1,3-丁二醇的溶液剂。可以使用的可接受的溶媒和溶剂有水、林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,通常将无菌的不易挥发油用作溶剂或悬浮介质。因此,可以使用任何温和不易挥发油,包括合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。另外,脂肪酸例如油酸常用于制备注射制剂。
本发明化合物还可以栓剂的形式用于直肠给药。使药物与合适的无刺激的赋形剂混合可以制备这些组合物,所述赋形剂在常温下为固体而在直肠温度下为液体,因此可在直肠中熔融释放药物。这样的物质有可可脂和聚乙二醇。
对于局部用药,使用包含本发明化合物的乳膏剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、溶液剂或混悬剂等。同样,局部给药也可以使用透皮贴剂。
本发明药物组合物和方法还可包括通常适用于治疗上述病症的本文提及的其它治疗活性化合物。
在治疗、预防、控制、缓解需要拮抗CGRP受体活性的病症或者降低其危险方面,患者每天的合适剂量水平通常为约0.01-500mg/kg体重,可以单次或多次用药。合适的剂量水平可为约0.01-250mg/kg/天、约0.05-100mg/kg/天或约0.1-50mg/kg/天。在此范围内,剂量可以为0.05-0.5mg/kg/天、0.5-5mg/kg/天或5-50mg/kg/天。对于口服给药,组合物可以是包含1.0-1000mg活性成分的片剂形式,根据待治疗患者的症状调整剂量,具体为1.0mg、5.0mg、10.0mg、15.0mg、20.0mg、25.0mg、50.0mg、75.0mg、100.0mg、150.0mg、200.0mg、250.0mg、300.0mg、400.0mg、500.0mg、600.0mg、750.0mg、800.0mg、900.0mg和1000.0mg活性成分。可以按照每天1-4次的方案给予化合物,或者每天给予1-2次。
当使用本发明化合物治疗、预防、控制、缓解头痛、偏头痛、丛集性头痛或其它疾病或者降低其危险时,本发明化合物以日剂量每千克动物体重约0.1mg至约100mg,以单次日剂量或分次剂量2-6次/天用药,或者以持续释放剂型形式用药,这样通常可获得令人满意的结果。对于大多数大型哺乳动物,总日剂量为约1.0mg至约1000mg或约1mg至约50mg。对于体重70kg的成年人,总日剂量通常为约7mg至约350mg。该剂量方案可作调整以达到最佳治疗效果。
然而,应当知道,任何具体患者的具体剂量水平和给药频率可以不同,并且取决于诸多因素,包括所用具体化合物的活性、代谢稳定性和化合物起效长短、年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别、饮食、给药方式和给药时间、排泄率、药物组合、具体病症的严重程度和患者的既往治疗情况。
下列流程和实施例举例说明本发明化合物的几种制备方法。根据本领域的已知方法或者本文方法制备原料。
根据下列流程和具体实施例或其修改方案,使用易于得到的原料、试剂和常规合成步骤,可以很容易地制备本发明化合物。在这些反应中,也可使用本领域普通技术人员已知但没有更详细说明的修改方案。本领域技术人员根据下面的流程就很容易理解并懂得本发明要求保护的化合物的通用制备方法。
根据流程1-8描述的方法,可以合成用于制备本发明化合物的中间体。
通过中间体例如中间体式II和III进行最终化合物的制备。通式II和III的化合物是市售的、文献中已知的或者可以通过本领域技术人员熟悉的各种方法常规制备。
3-氨基-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮的代表性合成包括Bock等,Tetrahedron Lett,1987,28,939-942;Bock等,J.Org.Chem.,1987,52,3232-3239;Sherrill等,J.Org.Chem.1995,60,730-734;Butcher等,Tetrahedron Lett.1996,37,6685-6688;和Selnick等,J.Med.Chem.1997,40,3865-3868。当式II中的3-氨基用羰基苄氧基或叔丁氧羰基等保护基保护时,可以使用各种碱和溶剂,包括氢化钠或碳酸铯,在极性非质子溶剂如二甲基甲酰胺中,使酰胺基(R1=H)选择性地与烷化剂反应。其后的去保护得到所需要的3-氨基-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮中间体(流程1)。
流程1
根据许多方法,包括以下文献中介绍的方法,可以完成胺中间体的手性拆分:Rittle等,Tetrahedron Lett.,1987,28,521-522;Reider,Chem.& Indus.1988,12,394-398;Reider等,J.Org.Chem.1987,52,955-957;Sherrill等,J.Org.Chem.1995,60,730-734;Shi等,Tetrahedron,1999,55,909-918。
采用与以下文献中介绍的方法相似的方法,可以完成中间体III 4-哌啶基-1-苯并咪唑酮的合成:Henning等,J.Med.Chem.,1987,30,814-819及其中引用的参考文献。
或者,邻氨基苯甲酸衍生物例如流程2中的
3可以用酮例如
4还原烷基化,得到单烷基化产物
5。Curtius重排伴同时环合,得到咪唑酮
6。最后在标准条件下去保护,得到最终产物
7。
流程2
流程3
可以将胺中间体II转化为活性氨基甲酸酯,例如氨基甲酸对硝基苯酯
8,其后与胺如式III的胺反应,生成脲
9(流程3)。可以用本领域技术人员已知的其它活性中间体来制备化合物如
17。例如,胺II可以用合适的氨基甲酰氯直接酰化。可以按照Takai等,Chem.Pharm.Bull.1985,33,1116-1128中介绍的并在流程4中说明的通用方法,制备中间体
15。氨基甲酰氯
16可以由胺与光气反应而制得。
流程4
可以用相似的合成策略制备式
25相关的苯并二氮杂_酮。原料醇
18是市售的,或者按照本领域技术人员已知的方法制备。醇
18在标准条件下可以转化为卤化物,例如使用三苯基膦和溴可以制备溴化物
19。该卤化物用叠氮化物亲核试剂置换,叠氮化物
20在标准条件下还原,得到伯胺
21。该胺用适当保护的4-哌啶酮还原烷基化,得到化合物
22。采用不同条件很容易将硝基还原,然后可以用羰基二咪唑环化,得到环状脲
25。去保护释放胺,该胺可以与式II的中间体反应,见流程2。
流程5
由得自2-氯喹啉和二异丙基氨基锂的阴离子与哌啶酮
11的反应可以制备喹诺酮
30(流程6)。用盐酸水溶液同时消除叔醇并水解氯喹啉。通过催化氢化除去哌啶N-苄基保护基,也还原前一步反应中生成的烯烃,并同上进行反应,得到最终产物
31。
流程6
用3-羟基苯并二氮杂_
33代替3-氨基苯并二氮杂_,可以制备类似的氨基甲酸酯。化合物如
33是市售的,或者用已知方法制备。一种合成路线见流程7,其中溴化和后续水解得到所需要的中间体3-羟基苯并二氮杂_酮。可以通过活性碳酸对硝基苯酯与合适的胺反应,将3-羟基苯并二氮杂_酮转化为氨基甲酸酯
34。
流程7
按生成脲类似的方式,使用N-氰基碳亚胺酸二苯酯和苯并二氮杂_II以及各种胺例如中间体III即
15、
25等,可以制备氰基胍
36(流程8)。
流程8
在某些情况下,最终产物可被进一步修饰,例如操作取代基。这些操作可以包括但不限于还原、氧化、烷基化、酰化和水解反应,这些都是本领域技术人员公知的。
在某些情况下,进行上述反应流程的顺序可以变化以利于反应或者避免不需要的反应产物。提供下面的实施例以便更全面地理解本发明。这些实施例仅是说明性的,不得解释为以任何方式构成对本发明的限制。
中间体1
3-(4-哌啶基)-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2(1H)-酮盐酸盐
按照以下文献中介绍的方法制备标题化合物:H.Takai等,Chem.Pharm.Bulletin 1985,33(3)1116-1128。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.31(s,1H),8.79(br s,1H),8.58(br s,1H),7.13(t,J=8Hz,2H),6.88(t,J=8Hz,1H),6.77(d,J=8Hz,1H),4.37(tt,J=12,4Hz,1H),4.29(8,2H),3.00(q,J=11Hz,2H),2.06(dq,J=4,12Hz,2H),1.73(d,J=12Hz,2H).
中间体2
3-(1-氯羰基-4-哌啶基)-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2(1H)-酮
将中间体1(493mg,1.84mmol)悬浮于饱和碳酸钠(10ml)中,用二氯甲烷(3×40ml)萃取。有机相用饱和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。将如此获得的游离碱(422mg,1.82mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(50ml)中,加入二异丙基乙胺(0.32ml,1.82mmol),将所得溶液在氩气氛下冷却至0℃。在10分钟内缓慢加入20%光气的甲苯溶液(4.8ml,9.1mmol)。使反应物升至室温并搅拌2.5小时。真空除去溶剂和过量的试剂,使所得白色固体在二氯甲烷和半饱和氯化钠溶液之间分配。有机相经硫酸镁干燥。得到标题化合物,为白色固体。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.19(t,J=8Hz,1H),7.08(d,J=8Hz,1H),6.97(t,J=8Hz,1H),6.86(br s,1H),6.68(d,J=8Hz,1H),4.70(五重峰,J=2Hz,1H),4.48(t,J=2Hz,2H),3.20(m,1H),3.00(m,1H),1.83(s,4H).
中间体3
3-(4-哌啶基)喹啉-2-(1H)-酮
步骤A.3-(1-苄基-4-羟基哌啶-4-基)-2-氯喹啉
在-78℃、氩气氛下,将正丁基锂的己烷溶液(1.6M,38.2ml,61.1mmol)加入到二异丙胺(8.6ml,61.1mmol)的四氢呋喃(140ml)溶液中。1小时后,通过注射器加入2-氯喹啉(10.00g,61.1mol)的四氢呋喃(30ml)溶液。1小时后,加入1-苄基-4-哌啶酮(11.3ml,61.1mmol)溶液,将反应物于-78℃再搅拌40分钟,使其升至室温。将反应物冷却至-20℃,用水猝灭。反应溶液用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥。用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-10%{5%氢氧化铵/甲醇}/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(11.3g)。
MS 353(M+1).1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.33(s,1H),8.00(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.82(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.72(dt,J=1,10Hz,1H),7.57(dt,J=1,8Hz,1H),7.39-7.26(m,5H),3.61(s,2H),2.85(d,J=11Hz,2H),2.59(t,J=12Hz,2H),2.48(dt,J=4,13Hz,2H),2.13(d,J=12Hz,2H).
步骤B.3-(1-苄基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶-4-基)喹啉-2-(1H)-酮
3-(1-苄基-4-羟基哌啶-4-基)-2-氯喹啉(11.0g,31.1mmol)在6N盐酸中回流8小时。将溶液冷却,加入水(100ml)。收集沉淀的固体并干燥,得到标题化合物(7.9g)。
MS 317(M+1),1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ7.97(s,1H),7.70(d,J=7Hz,1H),7.60(m,2H),7.55(m,4H),7.35(d,J=9Hz,1H),7.27(t,J=8Hz,1H),6.50(m,1H),4.49(ABq,J=13Hz,Δν=16Hz,2H),3.92(m,2H),3.76(dt,J=12,4Hz,1H),3.40(m,1H),2.96(m,2H).
步骤C.3-(4-哌啶基)喹啉-2-(1H)-酮
将3-(1-苄基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶-4-基)喹啉-2-(1H)-酮(4.00g,12.6mmol)的甲醇(500ml)溶液用氩气脱气,加入10%披钯碳(1.2g)。将反应置于1atm氢气下并加热至50℃达5.5小时。将反应物冷却并通过硅藻土过滤。浓缩后得到标题化合物(2.7g)。
MS 229(M+1).1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ7.80(s,1H),7.67(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.51(t,J=8Hz,1H),7.33(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.25(t,J=8Hz,1H),3.52(t,J=12Hz,2H),3.17(dt,J=3,13Hz,2H),3.15(m,重叠有δ3.17峰,1H),2.18(d,J=14Hz,2H),1.91(dq,J=3,12Hz,2H).
中间体4
3-(4-哌啶基)-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1,3-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮盐酸盐
步骤A.2-(2-溴乙基)硝基苯
在0℃,将三苯基膦(39.2g,0.150mol)和四溴化碳(49.5g,0.150mol)依次加入到2-(2-羟乙基)-硝基苯(25.0g,0.150mol)的二氯甲烷(400ml)溶液中。将反应物搅拌过夜并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液猝灭。二氯甲烷相用饱和盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥。粗产物用乙酸乙酯处理,经过滤除去沉淀的氧化三苯基膦。用快速色谱法进一步纯化(硅胶,0-10%乙酸乙酯/己烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(27.9g)。
步骤B.2-(2-叠氮基乙基)硝基苯
将叠氮化钠(22.8,0.351mol)的水(60ml)溶液加入到2-(2-溴乙基)-硝基苯(27.9g,0.121mol)的乙腈(120ml)溶液中。将反应物回流4小时,冷却,并使其在二氯甲烷和水之间分配。有机相用饱和盐水洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥。得到油状标题化合物(22.8g)。
步骤C.2-(2-氨基乙基)硝基苯
将三苯基膦(31.1g,0.118mol)和碳酸钙(50mg,0.5mmol)加入到2-(2-叠氮基乙基)硝基苯(22.8g,0.118mol)的苯(500ml)溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌直到反应完全。真空除去溶剂,残余物用乙酸(100ml)和48%溴化氢(100ml)于100℃处理1小时。将反应物冷却并浓缩。加入水,所得溶液用二氯甲烷萃取。通过加入5%氢氧化钠水溶液使水层变成碱性,然后用乙酸乙酯萃取。有机相用饱和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。得到油状标题化合物(8.0g)。MS 167(M+1)。
步骤D.4-{[2-(2-硝基苯基)乙基]氨基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
通过加入乙酸使2-(2-氨基乙基)硝基苯(8.00g,48.1mmol)和1-叔丁氧羰基-4-哌啶酮(9.59g,48.1mmol)的甲醇(100ml)溶液达到pH5。加入氰基硼氢化钠(4.53g,72.2mmol)并将反应物搅拌3小时。真空除去甲醇,使残余物在乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液之间分配。有机相用饱和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。得到油状标题化合物(19.27g)。MS 350(M+1)。
步骤E.4-{[2-(2-氨基苯基)乙基]氨基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯
在1atm氢气下,将4-{[2-(2-硝基苯基)乙基]氨基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯和10%披钯碳(1.9g)在乙醇(250ml)中搅拌过夜。过滤除去溶液中的催化剂,真空除去溶剂,得到标题化合物(17.2g)。MS 320(M+1)。
步骤F.3-(1-叔丁氧羰基-4-哌啶基)-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1,3-苯并二氮杂_
-2-酮
将羰基二咪唑(8.73g,53.8mmol)加入到4-{[2-(2-氨基苯基)乙基]氨基}哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(17.2g,53.8mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺(200ml)溶液中,并在室温下搅拌2小时。反应物用乙酸乙酯稀释,用水萃取,然后用饱和盐水萃取。粗产物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-30%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱)。得到标题化合物(4.8g,黑色固体)。
步骤G.3-(4-哌啶基)-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1,3-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮盐酸盐
在0℃,3-(1-叔丁氧羰基-4-哌啶基)-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1,3-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮(4.80g,13.9mmol)的乙酸乙酯(300ml)溶液用氯化氢气体饱和。使反应物升至室温并搅拌过夜。将所得固体过滤并用乙酸乙酯洗涤。浓缩乙酸乙酯滤液供第二步用。得到固体标题化合物(2.94g)。
MS 246(M+1).1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ7.10(m,2H),6.94(d,J=8Hz,1H),6.91(t,J=8Hz,1H),4.35(tt,J=10,1Hz,1H),3.52(m,4H),3.12(t,J=12Hz,2H),3.05(m,2H),2.07(qd,J=12,4Hz,2H),1.99(m,2H).
中间体5
4-氯-1-哌啶-4-基-1,3-二氢-2H-苯并咪唑-2-酮
步骤A.2-{[1-(叔丁氧羰基)哌啶-4-基]氨基}-6-氯苯甲酸
在室温下,将三乙酰氧基硼氢化钠(3.09g,14.6mmol)加入到2-氨基-6-氯苯甲酸(1.00g,5.83mmol)和N-(叔丁氧羰基)-4-哌啶酮(2.32g,11.7mmol)的二氯乙烷(20ml)溶液中。5小时后,反应物用饱和氯化铵水溶液猝灭。分离该混合物,用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x)。经硫酸钠干燥后,将所得溶液过滤并蒸发,得到粗产物。该粗产物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-15%甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(其中还含有一些酮原料)(3.60g)。MS 335.1(M+1)。
步骤B.4-(4-氯-2-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁
酯
在室温下,将二苯氧基磷酰叠氮(1.71g,6.20mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.80g,6.20mmol)加入到步骤A的一部分产物(2.00g,<5.64mmol)的甲苯(20ml)溶液中。30分钟后,将溶液加热至80℃。2小时后,真空蒸发甲苯,使残余物在水和乙酸乙酯之间分配,有机相经硫酸镁干燥。粗产物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(2.17g)。MS 374.1(M+Na)。
步骤C.4-氯-1-哌啶-4-基-1,3-二氢-2H-苯并咪唑-2-酮
在室温下,将步骤B的4-(4-氯-2-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酸叔丁酯(2.17g,<6.17mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10ml)中,加入三氟乙酸(5ml)。5小时后,再加入三氟乙酸(5ml),将反应物搅拌过夜。向该溶液中加入2.0M甲醇铵,将混合物过滤,真空除去挥发物。粗产物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,1-25%甲醇(含1%NH3)/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(1.12g)。MS 352.2(M+1)。
中间体6
3-氨基-9-氯-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二
氮杂_
步骤A.8-氯-2-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁唑-4-酮
将2-氨基-3-氯苯甲酸(4.93g,28.7mmol)的乙酸酐(15ml)溶液回流3小时,然后冷却至室温。将沉淀的固体过滤,用己烷洗涤。得到标题化合物(4.33g,褐色固体)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.11(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=8Hz,1H),7.43(t,J=8Hz,1H),2.54(s,3H).
步骤B.2-氨基-3-氯二苯甲酮
在室温下,将苯基镁化溴(3.11ml,3.0M的乙醚溶液,9.34mmol)加入到8-氯-2-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁唑-4-酮(2.15g,10.9mmol)的苯(10ml)和四氢呋喃(3ml)溶液中。将反应物回流2小时,冷却,用2N盐酸(10ml)猝灭。分离各层,有机相用5%氢氧化钠洗涤,经硫酸镁干燥并浓缩。将残余物在乙醇(12ml)和6N盐酸(6ml)中回流过夜,然后真空浓缩。将残余物溶于苯(30ml)中,用5N氢氧化铵(20ml)处理。将有机萃取液干燥并浓缩。粗产物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-5%乙酸乙酯/己烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(0.84g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.63(d,J=7Hz,2H),7.54(t,J=7Hz,1H),7.49-7.42(m,3H),7.39(d,J=8Hz,1H),6.56(t,J=8Hz,1H),6.58(br s,2H).
步骤C.9-氯-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_
使用迪安-斯达克榻分水器(Dean-Stark trap),将2-氨基-3-氯二苯甲酮(0.730g,3.15mmol)和甘氨酸乙酯盐酸盐(0.660g,4.72mmol)的吡啶(15ml)溶液回流以除去水。30小时后,将反应物冷却并浓缩。将残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,用饱和碳酸氢钠洗涤。粗产物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-30%乙酸乙酯/己烷梯度洗脱),得到固体标题化合物(0.557g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.83(br s,1H),7.61(dd,J=1,8Hz,1H),7.52(m,2H),7.46(tt,J=1,8Hz,1H),7.39(t,J=8Hz,2H),7.26(m,1H),7.11(t,J=8Hz,1H),4.36(br s,2H).
步骤D.9-氯-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并
二氮杂_
将碳酸铯(1.01g,3.08mmol)加入到2,2,2,-三氟乙基碘(0.991ml,10.3mmol)和9-氯-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(0.557g,2.06mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺溶液中。将反应物在50℃加热96小时,再按需加入更多的2,2,2-三氟乙基碘。反应物用二氯甲烷和饱和盐水进行后处理。残余物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-30%乙酸乙酯/己烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(287mg)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.66-7.23(m,8H),5.20(m,1H),4.85(d,J=11Hz,1H),4.24(m,1H),3.79(d,J=11Hz,1H).
步骤E.3-叠氮基-9-氯-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-
1,4-苯并二氮杂_
将9-氯-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(0.287g,0.813mmol)的四氢呋喃(10ml)溶液冷却至-78℃,加入叔丁醇钾(0.905ml,1M的四氢呋喃溶液)。15分钟后,加入2,4,6-三异丙基苯磺酰叠氮(0.976ml,1M的四氢呋喃溶液)。15分钟后,加入乙酸(0.186ml,3.2mmol)。使反应物升至室温并搅拌3.5小时。用乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液进行后处理,然后用饱和盐水进行后处理,干燥,得到固体。加入四氢呋喃(30ml),将固体过滤,滤液浓缩,得到标题化合物。MS 394(M+1)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.77-7.20(m,8H),6.40(s,1H),5.20(m,1H),4.30(m,1H)。
步骤F.3-氨基-9-氯-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-
1,4-苯并二氮杂_
在室温下,将3-叠氮基-9-氯-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(0.320g,0.812mmol)和三苯基膦(0.426g,1.62mmol)的四氢呋喃(13ml)和水(1.5ml)溶液搅拌48小时。用乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸氢钠进行后处理,然后用饱和盐水进行后处理,经硫酸钠干燥,得到产物。粗产物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(0.155g)。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65(d,J=8Hz,2H),7.49(tt,J=2,7Hz,1H),7.42(t,J=8Hz,2H),7.32(t,J=8Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=7Hz,1H),5,22(m,1H),4.56(s,1H),4.30(m,1H),2.15(br s,2H).
中间体7
3-氨基-1-异丁基-5-苯基-1,3-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并二氯杂_-2-酮
步骤A.3-苄氧基羰基氨基-1-异丁基-5-苯基-1,3-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并二
氮杂_-2-酮
在氩气氛下,将3-苄氧基羰基氨基-5-苯基-1,3-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮(1.00g,2.59mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺(10ml)溶液冷却至0℃。加入氢化钠(60%(重量),156mg,3.89mmol),然后加入异丁基碘。让其升至室温并搅拌过夜。反应物用二氯甲烷和饱和氯化钠进行后处理。有机萃取液经硫酸钠干燥,过滤并浓缩。用色谱法纯化(硅胶,5-50%乙酸乙酯/己烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(0.92g)。MS 442(M+1)。
步骤B.3-氨基-1-异丁基-5-苯基-1,3-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮
将3-苄氧基羰基氨基-1-异丁基-5-苯基-1,3-二氢-2H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮(880mg,1.99mmol)的二氯甲烷(10ml)溶液冷却至0℃,用溴化氢气体饱和。将反应物回流过夜,冷却,用溴化氢饱和,回流3小时。蒸发溶剂,反应物用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液和二氯甲烷进行后处理。用柱色谱法分离得到标题化合物(硅胶,0-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱)。对映体在Chiralpak AS柱上进行分离(硅胶,30%己烷,70%乙醇/二乙胺,等度洗脱),得到标题化合物的对映体A(91.9mg)和标题化合物的对映体B(87.1mg)。
基本上按照制备中间体6和7概述的方法,以及M.G.Bock等,J.Med.Chem.,1993,36,4276-4292中介绍的方法,制备表1中列出的中间体。
表1
中间体 | C-3 | R1 | R2 | MS(M+1) |
8 | R,S | CH2CF3 | 6-Cl | 368.0 |
9 | R,S | CH2CF3 | 8-Cl | 368.0 |
10 | R,S | CH2CF3 | 9-Cl | 368.0 |
11 | R,S | n-C4H9 | H | 308.3 |
中间体19
3-羟基-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂
_
在室温下,将N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(0.335g,1.88mmol)加入到2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(H.G.Selnick等,J.Med.Chem.,1997,40,3865-3868)(0.500g,1.57mmol)的四氯化碳(20ml)溶液中。15分钟后,加入三氟乙酸(1.0ml),将反应物回流5小时。将反应物冷却并浓缩。将残余物溶于5%乙酸钠水溶液(15ml)和丙酮(10ml)溶液中并搅拌过夜。将反应物浓缩并进行后处理,粗产物用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-30%乙酸乙酯/己烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物。
MS 335(M+1)1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ7.92-7.30(9H,m),5.21(dq,J=15,8Hz,1H),5.07(d,J=10Hz,0.5H),4.51(d,J=10Hz,0.5H),4.22(t,dq,J=15,8Hz,1H).
实施例1
N-[(3R)-1-乙基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基]4-
(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺和
N-[(3R)-1-乙基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基]4-
(2-氧代-1,4-二氢-4-羟基喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺
在氩气氛下,将(3R)-3-氨基-1-乙基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_草酸盐(27.6mg,0.0747mmol)和氯甲酸对硝基苯酯(15.1mg,0.0747mmol)溶液溶于四氢呋喃(0.5ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入三乙胺(10.4μl,0.0747mmol),将反应物搅拌1小时。再加入三乙胺(26.0μl,0.186mmol),并加入3-(4-哌啶基)-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2(1H)-酮盐酸盐(20.0mg,0.0747mmol)的二甲基亚砜(0.5ml)溶液。使反应物升至室温并搅拌过夜。粗产物用反相HPLC纯化(C-18,5%→95%0.1%三氟乙酸/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱),分离得到4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)-N-[(3R)-1-乙基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基]哌啶-1-甲酰胺(10.0mg)MS 537(M+1)和4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢-4-羟基喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)-N-[(3R)-1-乙基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基]哌啶-1-甲酰胺(5mg)MS 535(M-17)。
基本上按照上述实施例概述的方法,制备表2和表3中列出的化合物。
表2
实施例 | C-3 | R1 | R2 | R7a | R5 | MS(M+1) |
2 | R | CH3 | H | H | H | 523.2453 |
3 | S | CH3 | H | H | H | 523.2452 |
4 | R | CF3CH2 | H | H | H | 591.2292 |
5 | R | CF3CH2 | 6-Cl | H | H | 625.1906 |
6 | R | CF3CH2 | 7-Cl | H | H | 625.1935 |
23 | R,S | i-C4H9 | H | 2’-F | OH | 581.3(M-17) |
24 | R,S | CF3CH2 | H | 2’-F | H | 609.2212 |
25 | R,S | CF3CH2 | H | 4’-F | H | 609.2224 |
26 | R,S | CF3CH2 | H | 4’-F | OH | 607.2(M-17) |
表3
实施例 | C-3 | R1 | R2 | R7 | R5 | MS(M+1) |
27 | R | CH3 | H | 环己基 | H | 529.2914 |
28 | R | CF3CH2 | H | i-C3H7 | H | 557.2469 |
29 | R,S | CH3 | 7-CH3 | i-C3H7 | H | 503.3 |
30 | R,S | CH3 | 8-CH3 | i-C3H7 | H | 503.2796 |
31 | S | CF3CH2 | H | t-C4H9 | H | 571.2650 |
实施例32
N-[(3R)-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮
杂_-3-基]-4-(2-氧代-1,2-二氢喹啉-3-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺
在氩气氛下,将(3R)3-氨基-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(25.6mg,0.0766mmol)和氯甲酸对硝基苯酯(15.3mg,0.0766mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(0.5ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入三乙胺(10.7μl,0.0766mmol),将反应物搅拌1小时。再加入三乙胺(26.7μl,0.191mmol),并加入3-(4-哌啶基)喹啉-2-(1H)-酮(17.5mg,0.0766mmol)。使反应物升至室温并搅拌过夜。粗产物用反相HPLC纯化(C-18,5%→95%0.1%三氟乙酸/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(30.2mg)。MS 588.2245(M+1)。
实施例33
N-[(3R)-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮
杂_-3-基]-4-(2-氧代-1,2,4,5-四氢-3H-1,3-苯并二氮杂_-3-基)哌啶-1-
甲酰胺
在氩气氛下,将(3R)3-氨基-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(20.0mg,0.0600mmol)和氯甲酸对硝基苯酯(12.1mg,0.0600mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(0.5ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入三乙胺(8.4μl,0.0600mmol),将反应物搅拌1小时。再加入三乙胺(20.9μl,0.150mmol),并加入3-(4-哌啶基)-1,3,4,5-四氢-2H-1,3-苯并二氮杂_-2-酮盐酸盐(16.9mg,0.0600mmol)。使反应物升至室温并搅拌过夜。粗产物用反相HPLC纯化(C-18,5%→95%0.1%三氟乙酸/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(24.9mg)。MS605.2474(M+1)。
实施例34
2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基
4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)哌啶-1-甲酸酯
在氩气氛下,将3-羟基-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(40mg,0.12mmol)和氯甲酸对硝基苯酯(24.1mg,0.12mmol)溶于四氢呋喃(1ml)中并冷却至0℃。加入三乙胺(15μl,0.11mmol),将反应物搅拌1.5小时。再加入三乙胺(33μl,0.24mmol),并加入3-(4-哌啶基)-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2(1H)-酮盐酸盐(32mg,0.12mmol)。使反应物升至室温并搅拌过夜。将反应物浓缩,残余物用甲醇研磨。研磨的固体用反相HPLC纯化(C-18,5%→95%0.1%三氟乙酸/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(29mg)。MS 592.2181(M+1)。
基本上按照上述实施例概述的方法,制备表4中列出的化合物。
表4
实施例39
N-氰基-N'-[(3R)-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯
并二氮杂_-3-基]-4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)-哌啶-1-甲脒
将二异丙基乙胺(43.9μl,0.252mmol)加入到(3R)3-氨基-2-氧代-5-苯基-1-(2,2,2-三氟乙基)-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(84mg,0.252mmol)和N-氰基碳亚胺酸二苯酯(102mg,0.428mmol)的二氯甲烷(5ml)溶液中。将反应物在室温下搅拌5小时,然后用0.5N氢氧化钠猝灭。二氯甲烷用水和饱和盐水洗涤,经硫酸钠干燥。将所得固体溶于1-戊醇以及3-(4-哌啶基)-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2(1H)-酮盐酸盐(80.2mg,0.299mmol)和二异丙基乙胺(52.2μl,0.299mmol)中,在氩气氛下回流过夜。将反应物浓缩并用色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(54.6mg)。MS 615(M+1)。
实施例40
N-[(3R)-1-异丁基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基]-
N-甲基4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺
将N-甲基-(3R)-3-氨基-1-异丁基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(16.1mg,0.050mmol)、3-(1-氯羰基-4-哌啶基)-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2(1H)-酮(14.7mg,0.050mmol)和三乙胺(20.9μl,0.150mmol)的四氢呋喃(3ml)溶液回流4小时。粗产物用反相HPLC纯化(C-18,5%→95%0.1%三氟乙酸/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(20mg)。MS 579(M+1)。
实施例41
N-[(3R)-1-(4-氨基丁基)-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-
3-基]-4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺
步骤A.N-{(3R)-1-[4-(1,3-二氧代-1,3-二氢-2H-异吲哚-2-基)丁基]-2-氧
代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基}-4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹
唑啉-3(2H)-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺
将N-叔丁氧羰基-(3R)-3-氨基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_(40.0mg,0.114mmol)的二甲基甲酰胺(1.5ml)溶液与氢化钠(6.83mg,0.17mmol,60%的油分散体)一起搅拌15分钟,然后加入N-(4-溴丁基)-邻苯二甲酰亚胺(32.1mg,0.114mmol)。将反应物搅拌过夜,用二氯甲烷和水进行后处理。将粗产物溶于含有三氟乙酸(1.5ml)的二氯甲烷(4.5ml)中并搅拌1小时。真空除去溶剂,将粗产物溶于四氢呋喃(1ml)以及对硝基氯甲酸酯(14.5mg,0.072mmol)和三乙胺(0.20ml,0.14mmol)中。搅拌2小时后,加入3-(4-哌啶基)-3,4-二氢喹唑啉-2(1H)-酮盐酸盐(19.3mg,0.072mmol)和三乙胺(0.020ml,0.14mmol),将反应物搅拌过夜。粗产物用反相HPLC纯化(C-18,5%→95%0.1%三氟乙酸/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(19mg)。MS 710.3123(M+1)。
步骤B.N-[(3R)-1-(4-氨基丁基)-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二
氮杂_-3-基]-N-甲基4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)哌啶-1-甲酰
胺
将肼的乙醇(0.500ml,2M)溶液加入到N-{(3R)-1-[4-(1,3-二氧代-1,3-二氢-2H-异吲哚-2-基)丁基]-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基}-4-(2-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-3(2H)-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺的乙醇(1ml)溶液中并搅拌1小时。将反应物浓缩并用柱色谱法纯化(硅胶,0-10%甲醇/二氯甲烷梯度洗脱),得到标题化合物(10mg)。MS602.2802(M+Na+1)。
实施例42
N-(1-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基)-4-(2-氧
代-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺
步骤A.N-(1-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-
基)-4-硝基苯基-1-甲酸酯
将3-氨基-1-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_樟脑磺酸盐(0.504g,1.32mmol)和三乙胺(0.37ml,2.64mmol)的四氢呋喃(5ml)溶液冷却至0℃,加入氯甲酸对硝基苯酯(0.292g,1.45mmol)。将反应物在0℃搅拌10分钟,然后升至室温达1小时。将反应物过滤,滤液浓缩;然后用乙醚研磨,得到标题化合物,为黄色固体。
步骤B.N-(1-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-
基)-4-(2-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)哌啶-1-甲酰胺
在氩气氛下,将N-(1-甲基-2-氧代-5-苯基-2,3-二氢-1H-1,4-苯并二氮杂_-3-基)-4-硝基苯基-1-甲酸酯(75.0mg,0.174mmol)、4-(2-氧代-2,3-二氢-1H-苯并咪唑-1-基)哌啶和三乙胺(36.4μl,0.261mmol)溶液在四氢呋喃中回流1小时。用乙酸乙酯和饱和碳酸氢钠溶液进行后处理,得到粗产物,该粗产物用反相HPLC纯化(C-18,5%→95%0.1%三氟乙酸/乙腈/0.1%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱)。得到标题化合物(56.7mg,白色固体)。MS 509(M+1)。
基本上按照实施例42概述的方法,制备表5中列出的化合物。
表5
实施例 | C-3 | R1 | R3 | R6 | MS(M+1) |
43 | R | CF3CH2 | H | H | 577 |
44 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 5”-CH3 | 591 |
45 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 6”-F | 594 |
46 | R | CF3CH2 | CH3 | H | 591 |
47 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 7”-Cl | 611.1752 |
48 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 6”-CH3 | 591.2326 |
49 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 6”-CF3 | 645.2042 |
50 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 6”-F | 595.2069 |
51 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 6”-CO2H | 621.2066 |
52 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 6”-CONH2 | 620.2230 |
53 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 6”-SO2CH3 | 655.1950 |
54 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 5”-CH3 | 591.2326 |
55 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 5”-Cl | 611.1772 |
56 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 4”-CH3 | 591.2330 |
57 | R | CF3CH2 | H | 5”-F | 595.2069 |
Claims (61)
1.一种下式I化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中:
R1选自:
1)H、C1-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-6环烷基和杂环基,它们是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
v)O(CO)R4;和
2)芳基或杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
v)O(CO)R4;和
R2独立选自H和下列基团:
1)C1-6烷基,
2)C3-6环烷基,
3)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
4)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
5)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
6)(F)pC1-3烷基,
7)卤素,
8)OR4,
9)O(CH2)sOR4,
10)CO2R4,
11)(CO)NR10R11,
12)O(CO)NR10R11,
13)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
14)N(R10)(CO)R11,
15)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
16)SO2NR10R11,
17)N(R10)SO2R11,
18)S(O)mR10,
19)CN,
20)NR10R11,
21)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
22)O(CO)R4;
R7选自:
1)H、C0-C6烷基、C2-C6烯基、C2-C6炔基、C3-6环烷基和杂环基,它们是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,
v)O(CO)R4;和
2)芳基或杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)NR4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
v)O(CO)R4;
R4选自:H、C1-6烷基、(F)pC1-6烷基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基和苄基,它们是未取代的或者被以下基团取代:卤素、羟基或C1-C6烷氧基;
R5独立选自H、取代或未取代的C1-C6烷基、C3-6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、OR4、N(R4)2、CO2R4和(F)pC1-6烷基;
W为O、NR4或C(R4)2;
X为C或S;
Y为O、(R4)2、NCN、NSO2CH3或NCONH2,或者当X为S时,Y为O2;
R3独立选自H、取代或未取代的C1-C3烷基、CN和CO2R4;
R6独立选自H和下列基团:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)C3-6环烷基,
c)芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
d)杂芳基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
e)杂环基,其是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4,
f)(F)pC1-3烷基,
g)卤素,
h)OR4,
i)O(CH2)sOR4,
j)CO2R4,
k)(CO)NR10R11,
l)O(CO)NR10R11,
m)N(R4)(CO)NR10R11,
n)N(R10)(CO)R11,
o)N(R10)(CO)OR11,
p)SO2NR10R11,
q)N(R10)SO2R11,
r)S(O)mR10,
s)CN,
t)NR10R11,
u)N(R10)(CO)NR4R11,和
v)O(CO)R4;
R10和R11独立选自:H、C1-6烷基、(F)pC1-6烷基、C3-C6环烷基、芳基、杂芳基和苄基,它们是未取代的或者被以下基团取代:卤素、羟基或C1-C6烷氧基,其中R10和R11可以结合在一起形成选自以下的环:氮杂环丁烷基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基和吗啉基,所述环是未取代的或者被1-5个取代基取代,其中所述取代基独立选自R4;
G-J选自:N、N-C(R5)2、C=C(R5)、C=N;C(R5)、C(R5)-C(R5)2、C(R5)-C(R5)2-C(R5)2、C=C(R5)-C(R5)2、C(R5)-C(R5)=C(R5)、C(R5)-C(R5)2-N(R5)、C=C(R5)-N(R5)、C(R5)-C(R5)=N、C(R5)-N(R5)-C(R5)2、C=N-C(R5)2、C(R5)-N=C(R5)、C(R5)-N(R5)-N(R5)、C=N-N(R5)、N-C(R5)2-C(R5)2、N-C(R5)=C(R5)、N-C(R5)2-N(R5)、N-C(R5)=N、N-N(R5)-C(R5)2和N-N=C(R5);
p为0至2q+1,对于具有q个碳的取代基而言;
m为0、1或2;
n为0或1;
s为1、2或3。
2.权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为下式Ia化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
3.权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为下式Ia化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中R7为苯基,所述苯基是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)OH,
c)OR5,
d)卤素,
e)CO2R4,
f)S(O)mR5,
g)N(R4)2,和
j)CN。
4.权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为下式Ia化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中R7为杂芳基,所述杂芳基是未取代的或者被一个或多个独立选自以下的取代基取代:
a)C1-6烷基,
b)OH,
c)OR5,
d)卤素,
e)CO2R4,
f)S(O)mR5,
g)N(R4)2,和
j)CN。
13.权利要求1的化合物,所述化合物为下式化合物及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体:
其中R1、R3和R6、以及C-3的构型选自下表中的一行:
C-3
R1
R3
R6
R
CF3CH2
H
H
R
CF3CH2
H
5”-CH3
R
CF3CH2
H
6”-F
R
CF3CH2
CH3
H
R
CF3CH2
H
7”-Cl
R
CF3CH2
H
6”-CH3
R
CF3CH2
H
6”-CH3
R
CF3CH2
H
6”-F
R
CF3CH2
H
6”-CO2H
R
CF3CH2
H
6”-CONH2
R
CF3CH2
H
6”-SO2CH3
R
CF3CH2
H
5”-CH3
R
CF3CH2
H
5”-Cl
R
CF3CH2
H
4”-CH3
R
CF3CH2
H
5”-F
14.一种化合物,所述化合物选自:
及其药物可接受的盐和单一非对映体。
15.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含惰性载体和权利要求1的化合物。
16.一种拮抗哺乳动物体内降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)受体活性的方法,所述方法包括给予有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
17.一种治疗、控制、缓解有需要的哺乳动物患者的头痛、偏头痛或丛集性头痛或降低其危险的方法,所述方法包括给予所述患者治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
18.一种治疗或预防偏头痛性头痛、丛集性头痛和头痛的方法,所述方法包括共同给予需要这种治疗的病人:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:5-羟色胺激动剂、镇痛药、抗炎药、抗高血压药和抗惊厥药。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自5HT1B/1D激动剂、5HT1D激动剂和5HT1F激动剂。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自利扎曲普坦、舒马曲普坦、那拉曲普坦、佐米曲普坦、阿莫曲普坦、依来曲普坦、阿维曲普坦、夫罗曲普坦、LY334370和PNU-142633。
21.权利要求18的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自麦角胺和二氢麦角胺。
22.权利要求18的方法,其中所述第二种药物是阿司匹林或对乙酰氨基酚。
23.权利要求18的方法,其中所述第二种药物是糖皮质激素。
24.权利要求18的方法,其中所述第二种药物是非甾体抗炎药。
25.权利要求24的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自布洛芬、酮洛芬、非诺洛芬、萘普生、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、美洛昔康、吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、氯诺昔康、酮咯酸、依托度酸、甲芬那酸、甲氧芬那酸、氟芬那酸、托芬那酸、双氯芬酸、噁丙嗪、阿扎丙宗、尼美舒利、萘丁美酮、替尼达普、依那西普、托美丁、保泰松、羟布宗、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦和柳氮磺吡啶。
26.权利要求18的方法,其中所述第二种药物是选自以下的抗惊厥药:托吡酯、唑尼沙胺、双丙戊酸钠、普加巴林、加巴喷丁、左乙拉西坦、拉莫三嗪和噻加宾。
27.权利要求18的方法,其中所述第二种药物是选自以下的抗高血压药:血管紧张素II拮抗剂、血管紧张素I拮抗剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂和肾素抑制剂。
28.权利要求27的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自氯沙坦、坎地沙坦、坎地沙坦西酯、厄贝沙坦、缬沙坦、依普罗沙坦、替米沙坦、奥美沙坦酯、卡托普利、贝那普利、喹那普利、培哚普利、雷米普利、群多普利、赖诺普利和依那普利。
29.一种治疗或预防偏头痛性头痛、丛集性头痛和头痛的方法,所述方法包括共同给予需要这种治疗的病人:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:抗焦虑药和精神安定药。
30.权利要求29的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自地西泮、阿普唑仑、氯氮_、奥氮平、氟哌利多、丙氯拉嗪、氯丙嗪和喹硫平。
31.一种治疗或预防偏头痛性头痛、丛集性头痛和头痛的方法,所述方法包括共同给予需要这种治疗的病人:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:β-阻滞剂和钙通道阻滞剂。
32.权利要求31的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自噻吗洛尔、普萘洛尔、阿替洛尔、美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、氟桂利嗪、地尔硫_、氨氯地平、非洛地平、尼索地平、伊拉地平、尼莫地平、洛美利嗪、维拉帕米、硝苯地平、丙氯拉嗪和civamide。
33.一种治疗或预防偏头痛性头痛、丛集性头痛和头痛的方法,所述方法包括共同给予需要这种治疗的病人:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂和NE重摄取抑制剂。
34.权利要求33的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自阿米替林、去甲替林、氯米帕明、丙咪嗪、文拉法辛、多塞平、普罗替林、地昔帕明、曲米帕明、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、度洛西汀、依他普仑和西酞普兰。
35.一种治疗或预防偏头痛性头痛、丛集性头痛和头痛的方法,所述方法包括共同给予需要这种治疗的病人:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:肉毒杆菌毒素A或B。
36.一种治疗或预防偏头痛性头痛、丛集性头痛和头痛的方法,所述方法包括共同给予需要这种治疗的病人:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:香草素受体拮抗剂、腺苷1拮抗剂、NR2B拮抗剂、P物质拮抗剂、粒酶B抑制剂、内皮素拮抗剂、去甲肾上腺素前体、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂、精神安定药、缓激肽拮抗剂、间隙连接抑制剂、AMPA/KA拮抗剂、σ受体激动剂、氯离子通道增强剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂、阿片样物质激动剂和白三烯受体拮抗剂。
37.权利要求36的方法,其中所述第二种药物选自孟鲁司特和扎鲁司特。
38.权利要求36的方法,其中所述第二种药物是阿瑞吡坦。
39.一种治疗或预防偏头痛性头痛、丛集性头痛和头痛的方法,所述方法包括共同给予需要这种治疗的病人:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:止吐药、胃肠蠕动促进剂和组胺H1拮抗剂。
40.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:5-羟色胺激动剂、镇痛药、抗炎药和抗惊厥药。
41.权利要求40的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自5HT1B/1D激动剂、5HT1D激动剂和5HT1F激动剂。
42.权利要求41的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自利扎曲普坦、舒马曲普坦、那拉曲普坦、佐米曲普坦、阿莫曲普坦、依来曲普坦、阿维曲普坦、夫罗曲普坦、LY334370和PNU-142633。
43.权利要求40的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自麦角胺和二氢麦角胺。
44.权利要求40的组合物,其中所述第二种药物是阿司匹林或对乙酰氨基酚。
45.权利要求40的组合物,其中所述第二种药物是糖皮质激素。
46.权利要求40的组合物,其中所述第二种药物是非甾体抗炎药。
47.权利要求46的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自布洛芬、酮洛芬、非诺洛芬、萘普生、吲哚美辛、舒林酸、美洛昔康、吡罗昔康、替诺昔康、氯诺昔康、酮咯酸、依托度酸、甲芬那酸、甲氧芬那酸、氟芬那酸、托芬那酸、双氯芬酸、噁丙嗪、阿扎丙宗、尼美舒利、萘丁美酮、替尼达普、依那西普、托美丁、保泰松、羟布宗、二氟尼柳、双水杨酯、奥沙拉秦和柳氮磺吡啶。
48.权利要求40的组合物,其中所述第二种药物是选自以下的抗惊厥药:托吡酯、唑尼沙胺、双丙戊酸钠、普加巴林、加巴喷丁、左乙拉西坦、拉莫三嗪和噻加宾。
49.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:血管紧张素II拮抗剂、血管紧张素I拮抗剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂和肾素抑制剂。
50.权利要求49的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自氯沙坦、坎地沙坦、坎地沙坦西酯、厄贝沙坦、缬沙坦、依普罗沙坦、替米沙坦、奥美沙坦酯、卡托普利、贝那普利、喹那普利、培哚普利、雷米普利、群多普利、赖诺普利和依那普利。
51.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:抗焦虑药和精神安定药。
52.权利要求51的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自地西泮、阿普唑仑、氯氮_、奥氮平、氟哌利多、丙氯拉嗪、氯丙嗪和喹硫平。
53.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:β-阻滞剂和钙通道阻滞剂。
54.权利要求53的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自噻吗洛尔、普萘洛尔、阿替洛尔、美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、氟桂利嗪、地尔硫_、氨氯地平、非洛地平、尼索地平、伊拉地平、尼莫地平、洛美利嗪、维拉帕米、硝苯地平、丙氯拉嗪和civamide。
55.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:抗抑郁药、选择性5-羟色胺重摄取抑制剂和NE重摄取抑制剂。
56.权利要求55的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自阿米替林、去甲替林、氯米帕明、丙咪嗪、文拉法辛、多塞平、普罗替林、地昔帕明、曲米帕明、氟西汀、帕罗西汀、舍曲林、度洛西汀、依他普仑和西酞普兰。
57.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:肉毒杆菌毒素A或B。
58.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:香草素受体拮抗剂、腺苷1拮抗剂、NR2B拮抗剂、P物质拮抗剂、粒酶B抑制剂、内皮素拮抗剂、去甲肾上腺素前体、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂、精神安定药、缓激肽拮抗剂、间隙连接抑制剂、AMPA/KA拮抗剂、σ受体激动剂、氯离子通道增强剂、单胺氧化酶抑制剂、阿片样物质激动剂和白三烯受体拮抗剂。
59.权利要求58的组合物,其中所述第二种药物选自孟鲁司特和扎鲁司特。
60.权利要求58的组合物,其中所述第二种药物是阿瑞吡坦。
61.一种药物组合物,所述组合物包含:
治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物或其药物可接受的盐;和
治疗有效量的选自以下的第二种药物:止吐药、胃肠蠕动促进剂和组胺H1拮抗剂。
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US48267403P | 2003-06-26 | 2003-06-26 | |
US60/482,674 | 2003-06-26 | ||
PCT/US2004/020206 WO2005000807A2 (en) | 2003-06-26 | 2004-06-24 | Benzodiazepine cgrp receptor antagonists |
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CN1812982A true CN1812982A (zh) | 2006-08-02 |
CN1812982B CN1812982B (zh) | 2010-10-27 |
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US (1) | US7196079B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1641781B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4705911B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1812982B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004252150B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2529227A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005000807A2 (zh) |
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-
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- 2004-06-24 CA CA002529227A patent/CA2529227A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-06-24 EP EP04776996A patent/EP1641781B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-24 WO PCT/US2004/020206 patent/WO2005000807A2/en active Application Filing
- 2004-06-24 US US10/562,298 patent/US7196079B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-06-24 CN CN2004800179529A patent/CN1812982B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-06-24 JP JP2006517597A patent/JP4705911B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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CA2529227A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
EP1641781A2 (en) | 2006-04-05 |
EP1641781A4 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
AU2004252150B2 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
JP4705911B2 (ja) | 2011-06-22 |
CN1812982B (zh) | 2010-10-27 |
AU2004252150A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
US7196079B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 |
WO2005000807A3 (en) | 2006-01-05 |
EP1641781B1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
US20060148790A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
WO2005000807A2 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
JP2007516182A (ja) | 2007-06-21 |
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