CN1803313A - 用于干燥漆涂层的方法和装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于干燥施加到工件(6)上的含溶剂的漆涂层(7)的方法和装置,可以通过将潮湿和冷的调节空气供送(8a)到工件(6)上,同时通过暴露于电磁辐射(5)下而将能量输入进漆涂层(7)来实现特别彻底的漆的蒸发(II)。采用根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置,可以有效地避免在蒸发(II)后的干燥(III)期间形成涂层缺陷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于干燥施加到工件上的含溶剂的漆涂层的方法和装置。
背景技术
每种漆都包括溶解在挥发溶剂或溶剂混合物中的成膜物质,即所谓的漆体或粘合剂。根据漆的类型,还可使用颜料、填充剂、干燥剂、增塑剂、固化剂或其他添加剂。对于漆来说,干燥意味着将施用到物体上的液体漆涂层转换成固体膜来保护和增强被涂体。
在此过程中,漆涂层的物理和化学性质发生变化,这种变化将首先赋予所需的性能。
干燥过程包括下列步骤:物理干燥(蒸发溶剂)以及通过胶质变化和/或彼此无缝穿过的化学交联反应(聚合、加聚、缩聚)固化涂层。
物理干燥通常在施加漆后作为第一步骤进行,首先通过使涂覆的工件尽可能无尘地穿过室温或稍微增加空气温度最大达到30到40℃的区域,将漆涂层中的溶剂蒸发出去。在此蒸发区域中,所施加的漆涂层均质化并粘接到工件表面。漆的颜料可以随意选择以形成独特的方位(orientation)和叠层结构。此外,在此蒸发期间,漆的大部分挥发性组分被蒸发掉。
蒸发阶段后是强制干燥或固化过程。去除其余的挥发性组分并进行交联反应。该过程还可以选择性地伴随着暂时增加工件和漆涂层的温度而供给能量。
在第一干燥阶段,即,漆涂层的蒸发阶段,应当保证漆涂层保持敞开(open)以进行扩散(diffusion),尤其是在其与空气接触的表面,否则位于该表面下的其他挥发性组分则不能再充分地蒸发。
如果漆涂层的表面在蒸发阶段不保留足够的渗透性,则挥发性组分可能会部分“存留”在漆的内部。
这也证明了随后强制干燥过程的缺点。
实际上,对于存留组分而言,由于在那里会发生增强的能量效应,因此在漆中会产生一些涂层缺陷,例如气泡(所谓的“蒸煮锅(cookers)”)、收缩裂纹或局部暗影(partial clouding)等。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种用于干燥漆涂层的方法和装置,其可以可靠地避免在干燥期间形成涂层缺陷。具体地说,通过保证漆表面的渗透性在蒸发阶段实现良好的蒸发。
为了实现所述目的,本发明提出了一种用于干燥施用到工件上的漆涂层的方法,该方法包括以下步骤:将潮湿和冷的调节空气供给到工件上,同时通过暴露于电磁辐射下而将能量输入进漆涂层。
供给潮湿和冷的空气,可以减缓漆涂层表面上的蒸发过程。漆的表面保持冷却,因此其在蒸发期间不能干燥透,而能保持潮湿且可渗透。可以避免产生破裂(disruptive)的、扩散抑制(diffusion-inhibiting)的表面。同时,该表面下的挥发性组分受到入射电磁辐射的激发,能有效地从漆中排出。电磁辐射将能量引入漆涂层,从而促进所含的挥发性成分在整个涂层截面上的蒸发。
在本发明的框架内,含溶剂漆意味着包含液体溶剂或各种溶剂的所有漆。溶剂优选为水,但也可以包括其他溶剂。
调节空气是提供用于蒸发且其温度和空气湿度较适合的空气。因此,不是简单的室内或环境空气。
根据本发明,将调节空气供给到工件上。这就意味着,例如,可以将空气直接对准工件或吹到工件上。也可以是其他形式的空气供给。因此,例如,可以将空气引进涂覆的工件所处的隔离房间中。唯一重要的事是在供给空气和漆涂层的表面之间出现交流。调节空气可以与漆涂层接触,即,空气与漆涂层结合。
通过用电磁辐射照射漆涂层可以实现将能量输入进漆涂层中。这可以通过适合的辐射源来实现,即辐射源直接对准涂漆工件发射。因此,电磁波或光束渗透漆涂层并被包含在漆中的溶剂吸收。通过供给能量或加热,溶剂可以通过可渗透的表面从漆中排出。
在根据本发明的方法的优选实施方式中,将调节空气的温度调节到+1℃到+18℃的范围,和/或将调节空气的空气湿度调节到50%到90%的相对湿度范围。
当处于这些温度和湿度值时,漆涂层的表面可以保持特别好的渗透性。1到18℃的温度范围保证了良好的冷却,而50%到90%的湿度范围保证了表面的良好湿度。
优选也将能量输入到工件中,即,电磁辐射至少部分直接穿透进工件,并在该处被工件吸收。工件因此被加热,从而进一步促进漆涂层中挥发性组分从漆涂层/工件接触表面蒸发。
此外,调节空气可以任选以新鲜空气的形式或循环空气的形式供给。当供给新鲜空气时,要将新的、未使用过的空气不断供给到工件。如果提供循环系统,则可以简单地不断更新供送已经供给的空气,这些空气被反复地制备和调节。对于循环空气,则循环同样的空气量,而对于新鲜空气的供给,则新的空气要连续进入并排出使用过的空气。
优选地,在蒸发过程后,通过喷嘴干燥器进行漆涂层的进一步强制干燥。作为根据本发明的蒸发结果,当大部分漆涂层表面以下的挥发性组分已经挥发后,就不会出现在接下来的通过喷嘴干燥器进行快速和强制干燥的过程中形成气泡或裂纹的危险。
同传统方法相比,可以将根据本发明的蒸发方法与随后的强制干燥相结合,因此干燥时间更短、涂层质量更好且因干燥产生的涂层缺陷更少。
如果使用至少一个红外线辐射器以产生电磁辐射则更具有优势。特别优选使用具有以目标方式适用于挥发性漆组分的吸收曲线的放射光谱的红外线辐射器(在挥发性漆组分的分子的辐射频率和自然振动频率的共振中发射率>0.8的区域中)。这样就允许将有效和低损失的能量传递进漆涂层中,因为作为适用的结果,大部分发射的辐射也根据需要被漆中的溶剂吸收。然而,当能量效率较低时,也可以使用不具有适合的放射光谱的传统IR辐射器。
此外,为了产生电磁辐射,可以使用至少一个微波发生器,尤其是磁电管。还可以将微波发生器与红外线辐射器一起使用。然而,也可以只使用微波发生器而不使用红外线辐射器。微波发生器的优点在于,如果要蒸发的漆是具有作为溶剂的水的漆,则更具有优势。事实上,由于水分子的电偶极性质,液体聚集状态下的水分子可以通过微波辐射有效地激发振动,释放热能量。这样就能够特别有效地将能量传递进含水的漆涂层中。微波发生器的频率的优选范围在欧洲认为在2.45GHz左右。
然而,也可以设想使用另外认可的更高的频率。
微波发生器的频率特别优选在2.45GHz和4.9GHz之间的范围中。
最后,为了实现上述目的,本发明还提出了一种用于实现一个或更多所述方法的装置。
附图说明
图1简要表示了用于实现根据本发明的方法的装置。
附图标号说明:
1 蒸发器
2a 上边界
2b 下边界
3 蒸发区
4 辐射源
5 辐射
6a 涂覆所有侧面的工件
6b 部分涂覆的工件
7a、7b: 漆涂层
8a 供给空气
8b 排出空气
9 循环空气
I 涂覆
II 蒸发
III 干燥
具体实施方式
图1显示了具有两个边界2a和2b的装置1,其共同围成蒸发区3。多个可以发射电磁辐射5的电磁辐射源4设置在蒸发区3的内部。辐射源4的设置和数量可以根据需要改变。两个工件6a和6b显示在辐射源4之间。工件6a的所有侧面用含溶剂的液体漆涂层7a覆盖。另一方面,工件6b只有部分用相应的漆涂层7b涂覆。
装置1还具有能够供给空气8a和排出空气8b的空气处理单元。这可以是新鲜空气单元。另外,也可以设置循环系统,如虚线箭头9所示。
装置1的操作说明如下。
首先,开始点是在工件6a的所有侧面进行涂覆。未具体示出此工件6a在涂覆过程I中在所有侧面设置漆涂层。然后,如箭头A所示,工件6a进入装置1。在装置1中进行施加漆涂层的蒸发过程II。为此,工件6a穿过蒸发区3。
作为根据进给8a和排出8b的空气调节的结果,潮湿和冷的大气存在于蒸发区3中。蒸发区3中的调节空气沿与工件6a通过蒸发区3的运动方向相反的方向进行运动。出现此结果的原因在于进给空气8a在装置1的后端沿工件6a的方向吹进,而用过的空气在装置1的前端以排出空气8b的形式从工件6a吸出。
同时,利用通过辐射源4产生的电磁辐射5照射漆涂层7a,也可以使用红外线和/或微波辐射。由于潮湿和冷的大气,所以能够防止漆涂层7a的表面在其蒸发期间干燥透。漆涂层7a的表面保持可渗透。因此,当其通过辐射5激发时,漆涂层7a的更深的挥发组分可以从漆中不受阻止地脱出。
一旦漆涂层7a通过潮湿和冷的空气以及照射的交互作用很好地蒸发,则工件将会离开装置1后端的蒸发区3,然后,如箭头B所示,输送到实际的干燥阶段III。
只有部分涂覆的工件6b的蒸发以与上述工件6a的蒸发相同的方式进行。然而,工件6b不在没有漆的位置照射。为了达到此目的,特定的辐射源4可以在蒸发阶段II中保持关闭。或者,装置1可以为工件6b的蒸发特别设计,从而设置辐射源4以避免照射未涂覆的工件部分。
采用根据本发明的方法和根据本发明的装置,可以实现含溶剂漆的更好和更完全的蒸发。因此,在下面的干燥过程中具有增加的能量作用,从而可以有效地避免涂层缺陷的形成。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于干燥施加到工件(6)上的含溶剂的漆涂层(7)的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
将潮湿和冷的调节空气供送(8a)到工件(6)上,同时通过暴露于电磁辐射(5)下而将能量输入进漆涂层(7)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将调节空气的温度调节到+1℃到+18℃的范围,和/或将调节空气的空气湿度调节到50%到90%的相对湿度范围。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,将能量也输入进工件(6)。
4.根据前述任何一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,调节空气以新鲜空气或循环空气(9)的形式供给。
5.根据前述任何一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括以下步骤:
通过喷嘴干燥器干燥(III)漆涂层(7)。
6.根据前述任何一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,使用至少一个红外线辐射器以产生电磁辐射(5)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,使用具有特别适合于挥发性漆组分的吸收曲线的放射光谱的红外线辐射器。
8.根据前述任何一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,使用至少一个微波发生器,尤其是磁电管以产生电磁辐射。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,微波发生器的频率范围在2.45GHz或更高。
10.一种用于实现根据权利要求1到9中任何一项所述的方法的装置。
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DE102005001683A DE102005001683B4 (de) | 2005-01-13 | 2005-01-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen von Lackschichten |
DE102005001683.9 | 2005-01-13 |
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CN1803313A true CN1803313A (zh) | 2006-07-19 |
CN1803313B CN1803313B (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
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EP (1) | EP1681102B1 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN1803313B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE526092T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2530998C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102005001683B4 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2371480T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL1681102T3 (zh) |
Cited By (3)
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CN105008552A (zh) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-10-28 | 卡尔蒂格利诺·奥菲希恩公司 | 在涂饰工序期间用于干燥生皮的方法及装置 |
CN114761493A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2022-07-15 | 斯泰尔控股有限公司 | 用于对工件进行表面涂覆的方法 |
CN115870182A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-03-31 | 海成帝爱斯株式会社 | 卷盘到卷盘组件干燥设备 |
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US20070143283A1 (en) * | 2005-12-09 | 2007-06-21 | Stephan Spencer | Method of optimizing search engine rankings through a proxy website |
JP5171109B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-25 | 2013-03-27 | 大同メタル工業株式会社 | 樹脂被覆摺動部材の製造方法 |
DE102007062266B4 (de) * | 2007-12-13 | 2016-12-22 | Dürr Systems Ag | Kühlsystem zum Kühlen von Gegenständen aus einer Lackierstraße, sowie Beschichtungsanlage |
EP2466237B1 (de) * | 2010-12-15 | 2016-06-15 | Heinz-Glas GmbH & Co. KGaA | Infrarot-Trocknungsanlage |
KR101605284B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-23 | 2016-03-21 | 엔지케이 인슐레이터 엘티디 | Pet 필름의 표면에 형성된 도포막의 건조 방법 및 도포막 건조로 |
WO2021107062A1 (ja) | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-03 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス、及び画像表示システム |
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DE4318471A1 (de) * | 1993-06-03 | 1994-12-08 | Thomae Gmbh Dr K | Eintopf-Mischer-Granulator-Trockner |
AT403518B (de) * | 1993-12-01 | 1998-03-25 | Hoffmann Friedrich | Verfahren und einrichtung zum trocknen und/oder aushärten von beschichtungen |
DE19625789B4 (de) * | 1995-07-08 | 2007-11-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Karosserie |
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DE19807643C2 (de) * | 1998-02-23 | 2000-01-05 | Industrieservis Ges Fuer Innov | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Trocknen eines Trocknungsgutes an der Oberfläche eines schnell geförderten Trägermaterials, insbesondere zum Druckfarbentrocknen |
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US6291027B1 (en) * | 1999-05-26 | 2001-09-18 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Processes for drying and curing primer coating compositions |
DE20202512U1 (de) * | 2002-02-19 | 2002-06-27 | Wahrmund Juergen | Vorrichtung zum Behandeln einer Materialbahn mit einem gasförmigen Medium und Strahlungsenergie |
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2005
- 2005-01-13 DE DE102005001683A patent/DE102005001683B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-12-20 CA CA2530998A patent/CA2530998C/en active Active
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- 2006-01-10 ES ES06000428T patent/ES2371480T3/es active Active
- 2006-01-10 AT AT06000428T patent/ATE526092T1/de active
- 2006-01-10 EP EP06000428A patent/EP1681102B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-01-10 PL PL06000428T patent/PL1681102T3/pl unknown
- 2006-01-11 KR KR1020060003010A patent/KR20060082800A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105008552A (zh) * | 2012-12-19 | 2015-10-28 | 卡尔蒂格利诺·奥菲希恩公司 | 在涂饰工序期间用于干燥生皮的方法及装置 |
CN105008552B (zh) * | 2012-12-19 | 2017-08-22 | 卡尔蒂格利诺·奥菲希恩公司 | 在涂饰工序期间用于干燥生皮的方法及装置 |
CN114761493A (zh) * | 2019-10-16 | 2022-07-15 | 斯泰尔控股有限公司 | 用于对工件进行表面涂覆的方法 |
CN115870182A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-03-31 | 海成帝爱斯株式会社 | 卷盘到卷盘组件干燥设备 |
Also Published As
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EP1681102B1 (de) | 2011-09-28 |
CN1803313B (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
DE102005001683A1 (de) | 2006-07-27 |
CA2530998A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
PL1681102T3 (pl) | 2012-02-29 |
DE102005001683B4 (de) | 2010-01-14 |
ES2371480T3 (es) | 2012-01-03 |
EP1681102A1 (de) | 2006-07-19 |
CA2530998C (en) | 2011-11-29 |
KR20060082800A (ko) | 2006-07-19 |
ATE526092T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
US20060177595A1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
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