CN1797747A - 具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件及其制造方法 - Google Patents
具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件及其制造方法,具体为在一半导体基底上形成一种紫外光保护层,用来保护底部材料及电子元件,避免与紫外光反应或因照射而造成损害。紫外光保护层包括一杂质掺杂硅层,其中掺杂物包括氧、碳、氢及氮或上述元素的组合。紫外光保护层包括SiOC∶H、SiON、SiN及SiCO∶H或上述组合或以上述材料所形成的多层结构。本发明所述具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件及其制造方法,可保护下层的电子元件免于暴露在紫外光下而造成损害。
Description
技术领域
本发明有关于半导体元件的制造,特别有关于紫外光保护层在半导体元件的应用。
背景技术
半导体元件通常在一基材上沉积多种绝缘体、导体及半导体材料,并图案化多层结构来形成集成电路及电子元件或构件。其中通常利用微影及蚀刻技术来图案化绝缘体、导体及半导体材料形成集成电路。
半导体基材在制造过程中通常会接触多种不同的能量源,其中包括微影技术中常见的可见光、紫外光、电子束等。紫外光常用在许多熟化制程(curing process)中,例如:旋转涂布介电层或低介电常数绝缘材料。紫外光具有较可见光短的波长,一般可见光的波长为380nm至770nm,而紫外光的波长范围在157nm至400nm之间。当半导体元件接触到紫外光时,底层材料及电子元件会产生不良的变化,因此本发明提供一紫外光保护层来防止紫外光对半导体元件所造成的损害。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的就在于提供一种紫外光保护层来隔绝半导体元件。
为达成上述目的,本发明提供一种材料来当作紫外光保护层,将紫外光保护层形成在一基底上,以及形成一介电层于紫外光保护层上,该介电层为一低介电常数层,当低介电常数层暴露在紫外光产生熟化时,紫外光保护层能有效防止紫外光与下层的电子元件反应。紫外光保护层所选用的材料,皆能相容于CMOS制程。当暴露在紫外光下时,紫外光保护层通过吸收部分紫外光来达到保护的效果。
本发明是这样实现的:
本发明提供一种具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,所述具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件包括:一基底;一紫外光保护层于该基底之上;以及一介电层于该紫外光保护层之上。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该半导体元件包括一电子元件,形成在该基底之上,其中该紫外光保护层通过吸收至少部分紫外光来保护该电子元件。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该电子元件为选自晶体管或电容的族群之一。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该半导体元件包括一晶体管的一栅极,置于该基底之上,其中该紫外光保护层紧贴在该栅极之上。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该半导体元件包括一晶体管,形成在该基底内或形成在该基底之上,该晶体管包括一栅极,其中该半导体元件包括一接点蚀刻停止层,置于该栅极上,且其中该紫外光保护层置于该接点蚀刻停止层之上。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该半导体元件包括一前金属介电层,置于该基底之上,且其中该紫外光保护层置于该前金属介电层中。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,更包括一前金属介电层,置于该基底之上,且其中该紫外光保护层置于该前金属介电层之上。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,更包括一蚀刻停止层,置于该基底之上,其中该紫外光保护层置于该蚀刻停止层之上。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该紫外光保护层包括至少一杂质掺杂硅层。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该杂质包括氧、碳、氢、氮或上述的组合。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该紫外光保护层的厚度为约50至500埃。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该紫外光保护层为选自包括SiOC:H、氮氧化硅、氮化硅及SiCO:H的族群之一。
本发明所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,该紫外光保护层包括SiOC:H、氮氧化硅、氮化硅、SiCO:H以及上述材料的组合或上述材料所形成的多层结构。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的截面图,其中紫外光保护层形成在一基底之上;
图2至图5显示本发明实施例的一半导体元件的截面图,其中包括晶体管及紫外光保护层;
图6为本发明一半导体元件的截面图,该半导体元件包括一CMOS晶体管以及多层紫外光保护层形成在晶体管内。
具体实施方式
为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举一较佳实施例,并配合所附图示,作详细说明如下:
随着半导体制程技术的进步,元件尺寸逐渐缩小,当导线尺寸不断缩小时,会产生传输延迟及能量损耗等缺点。有鉴于此,铜导线及低介电常数材料已广泛使用在内连接线的后段制程中,其中低介电常数材料的介电常数可低于2.5。
然而低介电常数材料通常机械性质较差,例如部分低介电常数材料的硬度低于1Gpa且模数低于约5Gpa。为了使低介电常数材料有较佳的硬度,通常会通过沉积一前驱物再以一紫外光照射该前驱物来提升其硬度或机械强度。然而紫外光的照射会产生一未知的问题,就是紫外光会伤害底部材料,而降低元件效能及可靠度,例如本发明的发明人在实验中发现若将一介电层形成在一电子元件之上,例如一晶体管,该介电层经紫外光照射后,会对晶体管产生有害的影响,其中例如使用波长200nm至300nm的紫外光照射约15分钟,也可以用不同波长与时间的紫外光照射。
本发明是在置于CMOS晶体管之上的介电层经紫外光照射前后进行测试,其中该CMOS晶体管包括一PMOS及NMOS晶体管。照射前后在NMOS(0.4埃)及PMOS(0.2埃)的反转区的栅极氧化层厚度中可发现较大的误差。经照射后也可在NMOS晶体管中观察到工作电压(threshold voltage)的改变。更进一步来说,经紫外光照射后,PMOS及NMOS晶体管栅极的漏电流会增加约15A/cm2。
本发明的实施例中利用紫外光保护层,能有效防止紫外光对基底上电子元件的伤害。图1显示本发明实施例的半导体元件100截面图,该半导体元件包括一基底102,该基底为一半导体基底,其上覆盖绝缘层104。该基底102也包括其他在前段制程中所形成的主动元件、线路或电子元件(未显示)。该基底102可包括形成在单晶硅上的氧化硅。该基底102可包括其他导电层或其他半导体元件,例如晶体管、二极管、电阻器、电容、导体或绝缘体。此外,也可以化合物半导体,如GaAs、InP、Si/Ge或SiC来取代硅作为半导体基底。
在本发明的实施例中,在基底102或绝缘层104上形成一紫外光保护层,用来保护主动元件电路或电子元件免于紫外光11O的照射。该紫外光保护层106的材料可吸收紫外光110,该紫外光保护层106可形成在蚀刻停止层之上或之下。
可在紫外光保护层106上以化学气相沉积法,或旋转涂布法形成一介电层108。介电层108较佳为一低介电常数材料,其介电常数约低于3。介电层108亦可包括传统的介电材料,如氧化硅或高介电常数材料。介电层较佳为未掺杂硅酸盐玻璃。介电层可包括前金属介电层(PMD)或层间介电层(ILD)。
紫外光保护层106可通过吸收至少部分紫外光11O,来保护基底102免于暴露在紫外光110之下。紫外光保护层106也可在后续制程中保护基底102。
紫外光保护层的材料及参数以较佳的实施例叙述如下,紫外光保护层106可为一单层结构或多层结构,可利用等离子加强化学气相沉积法、高密度等离子化学气相沉积法及上述方法的组合或其他沉积方式来形成紫外光保护层。紫外光保护层较佳是用来保护基底102或绝缘层104,以避免紫外光的伤害。该紫外光保护层较佳适用的波长范围在157nm至400nm之间但亦可吸收其他范围的光波,紫外光保护层106较佳厚度约为50至500埃,其反射率约1.5至2.4,而吸收系数约小于1.2。
紫外光保护层106较佳为一硅层或一杂质掺杂的半导体材料,其中掺杂的杂质较佳为氧、碳、氢、氮或上述的组合。在另一实施例中,紫外光保护层的材料较佳为SiOC:H(例如氢掺杂碳氧化硅,其中氧较碳多)、SiON、SiN、SiCO:H(氢掺杂氧化碳硅,其中碳较氧多)以及上述的组合或上述所形成的多层结构。紫外光保护层也可为其他经掺杂的半导体材料,如锗。
在本发明的一实施例中,紫外光保护层较佳为SiOC:H,在此实施例中,紫外光保护层106对于紫外光波长约248nm的反射率约1.8至2.3,而吸收率约0至1,紫外光保护层106对于紫外光波长约193nm的反射率约1.6至2.0,而吸收率小于1。
在另一实施例中,紫外光保护层106较佳为SiON,在此实施例中,紫外光保护层对于波长约248nm紫外光的反射率约1.8至2.3,而吸收率约小于1。在本实施例中,紫外光保护层106对紫外光波长约193nm的反射率约1.6至2.0,而吸收系数约小于1。
在另一实施例中,紫外光保护层106较佳为SiN。在本实施例中,紫外光保护层106对紫外光波长248nm的反射率约2.2至2.4,而吸收系数约为0。在本实施例中,紫外光保护层对紫外光波长193nm的反射率约2.3至2.4,而吸收率约小于1。
在另一实施例中,紫外光保护层106较佳为SiCO:H。在本实施例中,紫外光保护层106对紫外光波长248nm的反射率约2.2至2.4,而吸收系数约为0.2至0.4。在本实施例中,紫外光保护层对紫外光波长193nm的反射率约1.5至2.3,而吸收率约小于1.2。
图2至图5显示本发明实施例中,紫外光保护层形成在半导体元件中不同位置的截面图。在本发明的一实施例中,紫外光保护层206较佳设置在晶体管220上,如图2至图5中的206a、206b、206c及206d。
如图2所示,半导体元件200包括一晶体管220,形成在基底202内及基底202之上,可通过离子布植来形成漏极D及源极S,在源极及漏极表面上形成一硅化物224。晶体管220包括栅极氧化物Gox及栅极G,形成在基底202的沟道上,该沟道位于漏极D及源极S之间,其中栅极为一半导体材料,如多晶硅,硅化物226可视需要形成于栅极之上,但也可将栅极完全硅化(未显示),在栅极、栅极氧化物及硅化物226的两侧形成间隙壁222。浅沟槽绝缘区域218形成在漏极及源极旁。
如图2所示的实施例中,形成晶体管220后,在晶体管220上沉积一紫外光保护层206a,特别的是,在本实施例中紫外光保护层206a紧贴在晶体管220上,若在漏极、源极或栅极上具有硅化物224及226时,紫外光保护层则紧贴在硅化物之上。在本实施例中,紫外光保护层较佳形成在硅化物224及226及接点蚀刻停止层之间形成,若无硅化物224及226,则紫外光保护层较佳紧贴在晶体管的栅极之上。
在本发明另一实施例中,如图3所示,在沉积接点蚀刻停止层230于栅极上后,形成一紫外光保护层206b于晶体管之上。接点蚀刻停止层230可形成在侧壁间隙壁222及栅极之上,例如紧贴在栅极之上或硅化物之上。接点蚀刻停止层230可为一绝缘层,如氮化物。接点蚀刻停止层230在后续制程步骤中在制作导电连结至晶体管时,用来当作蚀刻停止的依据。在此实施例中,紫外光保护层206b可在绝缘层232沉积在基底202上之前或沉积之后形成。在本实施例中,紫外光保护层206b较佳紧贴在接点蚀刻停止层230之上。之后可形成一前金属介电层(PMD)于紫外光保护层206b之上。
在另一实施例中,如图4所示,在绝缘层232上形成一绝缘层234。绝缘层234提供一平坦表面以利于沉积后续制程的材料,例如导线及介层窗(未显示)。绝缘层234可完全披覆在接点蚀刻停止层230之上,再以化学机械研磨或蚀刻的方式将绝缘层234自接点蚀刻停止层230上移除。接着紫外光保护层206c形成在绝缘层234及外露的接点蚀刻停止层230之上。蚀刻停止层236可形成在紫外光保护层206c之上。在一实施例中,可将蚀刻停止层形成在绝缘层234及接点蚀刻停止层230上后,再将紫外光保护层206c形成在蚀刻停止层236之上。之后可将前金属介电层接着形成在蚀刻停止层236上(未显示)。
在另一实施例中,如图5所示,紫外光保护层206d形成在前金属介电层238之上。前金属介电层238可形成在蚀刻停止层236之上。金属间介电层可形成在前金属介电层238上(未显示)。在另一实施例中,紫外光保护层206d可形成在前金属介电层中(未显示)。
依本发明不同实施例,在半导体元件中,紫外光保护层可形成在多种不同的位置。图6显示多层紫外光保护层形成在一具有CMOS晶体管的半导体元件中的截面图。
在本实施例中,半导体元件300包括一互补式金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)350,CMOS元件包括一NMOS晶体管352及一PMOS晶体管。在本发明的较佳实施例中,至少一紫外光保护层306a、306b、306c及306d形成在CMOS元件上。金属间介电层(未显示)可沉积在前金属介电层338之上或顶部紫外光保护层306d之上。金属间介电层包括一经过紫外光熟化的介电材料,以及至少一紫外光保护层306a、306b、306c及306d来保护NMOS晶体管352及PMOS晶体管354,避免暴露在紫外光下而造成伤害。前金属介电层338及绝缘层332或334可为一经过紫外光熟化的介电材料。
在本发明的较佳实施例中,提供半导体元件一紫外光保护层106、206a、206b、206c、206d、306a、306b、306c及306d。紫外光保护层106、206a、206b、206c、206d、306a、306b、306c及306d可保护下层的电子元件220或350免于暴露在紫外光下而造成损害。紫外光保护层106、206a、206b、206c、206d、306a、306b、306c及306d较佳为能与CMOS制程相容的材料。紫外光保护层106、206a、206b、206c、206d、306a、306b、306c及306d可通过吸收至少部分紫外光来保护下层的电子元件。可依本发明的实施例来制造效能及可靠度较佳的CMOS晶体管350及其他电子元件。其中较特别的是,在栅极氧化层厚度参数在反转区及临界电压时,CMOS元件350具有较佳的效能,可避免临界电压转换以及降低或消除有关GOI可靠度、负偏压温度不稳定性及热载流子所产生的问题。更进一步来说,形成本发明的紫外光保护层106、206a、206b、206c、206d、306a、306b、306c及306d不需额外的制程设备。
虽然本发明已通过较佳实施例说明如上,但该较佳实施例并非用以限定本发明。本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,应有能力对该较佳实施例做出各种更改和补充,因此本发明的保护范围以权利要求书的范围为准。
附图中符号的简单说明如下:
半导体元件:100
基底:102
绝缘层:104
紫外光保护层:106
介电层:108
紫外光:110
半导体元件:200
基底:202
紫外光保护层:106、206a、206b、206c、206d、306a、306b、306c、306d
浅沟槽绝缘区:218
晶体管:220
间隙壁:222
硅化物:224、226
栅极氧化物:Gox
栅极:G
漏极:D
源极:S
接点蚀刻停止层:230
绝缘层:232、234
蚀刻停止层:236
前金属介电层:238
半导体元件:300
互补金氧半导体:350
NMOS晶体管:352
PMOS晶体管:354
绝缘层:332、334
前金属介电层:338
Claims (13)
1.一种具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,所述具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件包括:
一基底;
一紫外光保护层于该基底之上;以及
一介电层于该紫外光保护层之上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该半导体元件包括一电子元件,形成在该基底之上,其中该紫外光保护层通过吸收至少部分紫外光来保护该电子元件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该电子元件为选自晶体管或电容的族群之一。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该半导体元件包括一晶体管的一栅极,置于该基底之上,其中该紫外光保护层紧贴在该栅极之上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该半导体元件包括一晶体管,形成在该基底内或形成在该基底之上,该晶体管包括一栅极,其中该半导体元件包括一接点蚀刻停止层,置于该栅极上,且其中该紫外光保护层置于该接点蚀刻停止层之上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该半导体元件包括一前金属介电层,置于该基底之上,且其中该紫外光保护层置于该前金属介电层中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,更包括一前金属介电层,置于该基底之上,且其中该紫外光保护层置于该前金属介电层之上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,更包括一蚀刻停止层,置于该基底之上,其中该紫外光保护层置于该蚀刻停止层之上。
9.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该紫外光保护层包括至少一杂质掺杂硅层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该杂质包括氧、碳、氢、氮或上述的组合。
11.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该紫外光保护层的厚度为50至500埃。
12.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该紫外光保护层为选自包括SiOC:H、氮氧化硅、氮化硅及SiCO:H的族群之一。
13.根据权利要求1所述的具有紫外光保护层的半导体元件,其特征在于,该紫外光保护层包括SiOC:H、氮氧化硅、氮化硅、SiCO:H以及上述材料的组合或上述材料所形成的多层结构。
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US7755197B2 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2010-07-13 | Macronix International Co., Ltd. | UV blocking and crack protecting passivation layer |
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US7732923B2 (en) | 2010-06-08 |
US9136226B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
TW200623216A (en) | 2006-07-01 |
TWI326890B (en) | 2010-07-01 |
CN100401502C (zh) | 2008-07-09 |
US20060145303A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
US20100213518A1 (en) | 2010-08-26 |
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