CN1787991A - 不饱和化合物的氢氰化方法 - Google Patents
不饱和化合物的氢氰化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1787991A CN1787991A CNA200480012864XA CN200480012864A CN1787991A CN 1787991 A CN1787991 A CN 1787991A CN A200480012864X A CNA200480012864X A CN A200480012864XA CN 200480012864 A CN200480012864 A CN 200480012864A CN 1787991 A CN1787991 A CN 1787991A
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- hydrocyanation
- distillation
- compound
- unsaturated nitrile
- Prior art date
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- 238000005669 hydrocyanation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000008301 phosphite esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 phosphinous acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-2-enenitrile Chemical compound CCC=CC#N ISBHMJZRKAFTGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical group CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KPWJBEFBFLRCLH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium bromide Chemical compound Br[Cd]Br KPWJBEFBFLRCLH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Cd]Cl YKYOUMDCQGMQQO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011150 stannous chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L tin(II) chloride (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sn+2] AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphite Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 HVLLSGMXQDNUAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QIJBSXIVCDTQEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound [In].OC(=O)C(F)(F)F QIJBSXIVCDTQEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KOCDJSLUDZGVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound [In].OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KOCDJSLUDZGVJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MXSVLWZRHLXFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylborane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1B(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 MXSVLWZRHLXFKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- YXTDAZMTQFUZHK-ZVGUSBNCSA-L (2r,3r)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate;tin(2+) Chemical compound [Sn+2].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O YXTDAZMTQFUZHK-ZVGUSBNCSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptane Chemical compound C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RJYMRRJVDRJMJW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dibromomanganese Chemical compound Br[Mn]Br RJYMRRJVDRJMJW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CNFDGXZLMLFIJV-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mn+2] CNFDGXZLMLFIJV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004817 pentamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L stannous sulfate Chemical compound [SnH2+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940007163 stannous tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000375 tin(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PCMOZDDGXKIOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Y+3] PCMOZDDGXKIOLL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 79
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N adiponitrile Chemical compound N#CCCCCC#N BTGRAWJCKBQKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- CFEYBLWMNFZOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylacetonitrile Natural products C=CCCC#N CFEYBLWMNFZOPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl acetate Chemical compound COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UVKXJAUUKPDDNW-NSCUHMNNSA-N (e)-pent-3-enenitrile Chemical compound C\C=C\CC#N UVKXJAUUKPDDNW-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005727 Friedel-Crafts reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C253/32—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C253/34—Separation; Purification
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C255/00—Carboxylic acid nitriles
- C07C255/01—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C255/02—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic and saturated carbon skeleton
- C07C255/04—Carboxylic acid nitriles having cyano groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic and saturated carbon skeleton containing two cyano groups bound to the carbon skeleton
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于将不饱和化合物氢氰化成不饱和单腈化合物或者二腈化合物的方法。本发明更具体地涉及一种用于通过两次氢氰化二烯烃如丁二烯来制备二腈的方法,包括催化体系的回收和分离。通过不饱和化合物的氢氰化来制备二腈的本发明方法包括在催化体系存在下的至少一个氢氰化阶段,该催化体系包含由一种或多种单齿有机亚磷酸酯配体和一种或多种二齿有机磷配体形成的有机金属配合物,和任选的路易斯酸类型的促进剂,并包括至少一个蒸馏分离阶段,该蒸馏分离阶段从包含所述催化体系的介质中蒸馏分离在该方法中使用的反应物或者由该反应形成的化合物。
Description
本发明涉及一种用于将不饱和化合物氢氰化成不饱和单腈化合物或者二腈化合物的方法。
本发明更具体地涉及一种用于通过两次氢氰化二烯烃如丁二烯来制备二腈的方法,包括催化体系的回收和分离。
氢氰化反应在工业上用于由包含不饱和度的化合物来合成包含腈官能团的化合物。同样,己二腈是通过分两个阶段氢氰化丁二烯或者包含丁二烯的被称作C4馏分的烃馏分来制备的,其中己二腈是一种重要的化学中间体,尤其是用于制备六亚甲基二胺(用于众多聚合物如聚酰胺的单体)的中间体。在这种制备方法中,两个反应是利用基本上包括同样物质的催化体系来进行的,即该催化体系包括有机金属配位化合物和至少一种单齿有机亚磷酸酯类型的有机配体,如亚磷酸三甲苯酯。
众多专利公开了这种制备己二腈的方法,以及制备该催化剂的方法。
而且,为了该方法的经济性,重要的是能够回收催化体系,并且在氢氰化阶段将其再循环。
因而,美国专利US4539302公开了一种在己二腈制备方法的第二阶段,即将不饱和腈氢氰化成二腈的阶段获得的反应介质中回收催化剂的方法。
这种通过沉降回收的方法能够限制金属元素的损失,并且便于控制用于不饱和腈的氢氰化的有机磷配体/金属元素之比。因而,还可以回收具有高配体/金属元素之比的催化体系,这样可以在制备催化剂的阶段和/或在丁二烯氢氰化或者支化戊烯腈异构化阶段中再循环和再利用该催化体系。
大量的其它有机磷配体已被提供用于催化这些氢氰化反应。
因而,有机亚磷酸酯、有机次亚膦酸酯、有机亚膦酸酯和有机膦类型的二齿配体已经在众多专利中公开,这些专利例如是WO99/06355、WO99/06356、WO99/06357、WO99/06358、WO99/52632、WO99/65506、WO99/62855、US5693843、WO96/1182、WO96/22968、US5981772、WO01/36429、WO99/64155、WO02/13964。
最后,专利WO 03/11457还提出将单齿配体和二齿配体的混合物用于催化氢氰化反应。
在配体混合物的情况下,另外重要的是能够回收催化剂而不损失配体或金属元素。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种通过使用包括单齿有机亚磷酸酯配体和二齿有机磷配体的混合物的催化体系氢氰化不饱和化合物来制备二腈的方法,其可以分离和回收催化剂和各种产物,同时形成催化体系的化合物损失最少。
为此,本发明提供一种通过氢氰化不饱和化合物制备二腈的方法,包括在催化体系存在下的至少一个氢氰化阶段,该催化体系包含由一种或多种单齿有机亚磷酸酯类型的有机磷配体和一种或多种二齿有机磷配体形成的有机金属配合物,和任选的路易斯酸类型的促进剂;以及至少一个蒸馏分离阶段,该蒸馏分离阶段从包含所述催化体系的介质中蒸馏分离在该方法中使用的反应物或者反应所形成的化合物,其特征在于,经过蒸馏分离阶段的介质包括以磷原子表示的单齿和二齿有机磷配体的摩尔数相对于金属元素原子数的比为小于或等于15,和/或形成有机金属配合物的金属元素的重量浓度为小于或等于1.3%,并且蒸馏阶段的蒸馏底料(pied)温度小于或等于180℃。
术语“蒸馏底料温度”是指在蒸馏设备的蒸煮器中存在的介质的温度,以及蒸煮器的器壁温度。
蒸馏条件,尤其是蒸煮器的器壁最大温度可以限制甚至是消除形成有机金属配合物的金属元素的沉淀。这是因为,在分离或蒸馏阶段的过程中,较高的温度可以使催化剂解配合,导致金属元素沉淀。
在氢氰化反应中具有催化作用的金属元素例如是镍、钴、铁、钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铂、铜、银、金、锌、镉或铈。镍是优选的催化元素。为了更加清楚起见,在本文下面的部分中,金属元素将用术语“镍”来表示,但这并不具有限制意义。
作为适合于本发明的单齿有机亚磷酸酯配体的例子,可以提及的有亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸三甲苯酯(TTP)或者亚磷酸三伞花基酯。
作为适合于本发明的二齿配体,可以提及的是有机亚磷酸酯、有机亚膦酸酯、有机次亚膦酸酯、有机膦化合物,并且尤其是具有下述结构的化合物,其中Ph表示苯基:
根据本发明的一个优选特征,在反应介质中存在的催化体系通常包括以相对于金属元素原子的磷原子数表示的二齿配体的摩尔数为1-4(含端值),而以磷原子数表示的单齿配体的摩尔数为4-12(含端值)。
这些比例可以根据所执行的氢氰化反应而有所不同。这是因为,二腈的制备通常是在两个连续阶段中进行的,其包括,在第一阶段中,利用HCN来氢氰化二烯烃如丁二烯,得到不饱和单腈,而在第二阶段中,通过与HCN反应将这些单腈转化成二腈。而且,该方法通常包括从第一阶段获得的支化不饱和单腈的异构化阶段,目的是将它们转化成线性单腈,该线性单腈随后在第二阶段中被转化成线性二腈。
因此,在第一阶段中使用的配体/镍之比通常高于在第二阶段中使用的相应比例。类似地,镍的浓度在这两个阶段中可以是不同的。
而且,在用于氢氰化不饱和腈的反应中或者在第二阶段,通常使用促进剂或助催化剂。通常选择路易斯酸作为优选的促进剂。
例如,尤其可以使用在G.A.OLAL出版的著作《Friedel-Crafts andrelated Reactions》,第1卷,第191-197页(1963)中所述的路易斯酸。
在本发明方法中可以作为助催化剂使用的路易斯酸有利地选自元素周期表第Ib、IIb、IIIa、IIIb、IVa、IVb、Va、Vb、VIb、VIIb和VIII族元素的化合物。这些化合物通常是盐,尤其是卤化物如氯化物或溴化物、硫酸盐、磺酸盐、卤代烷基磺酸盐、全卤代烷基磺酸盐、尤其是氟代烷基磺酸盐或全氟代烷基磺酸盐、卤代乙酸盐、全卤代乙酸盐、羧酸盐和磷酸盐。
这类路易斯酸的非限制性实例包括:氯化锌、溴化锌、碘化锌、氯化锰、溴化锰、氯化镉、溴化镉、氯化亚锡、溴化亚锡、硫酸亚锡、酒石酸亚锡、氯化铟、三氟甲基磺酸铟、三氟乙酸铟、稀土元素如镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、铪、铒、铥、镱和镥的氯化物或溴化物、氯化钴、氯化亚铁、氯化钇。
还可以使用诸如三苯基硼烷、四异丙醇钛的化合物作为路易斯酸。
当然可以使用若干种路易斯酸的混合物。
在路易斯酸中,特别优选氯化锌、溴化锌、氯化亚锡、溴化亚锡、三苯基硼烷、三氟甲基磺酸铟、三氟乙酸铟、和氯化锌/氯化亚锡混合物。
所采用的路易斯酸助催化剂一般是0.005-50mol/摩尔镍。
在这些阶段的每一个阶段中,在氢氰化反应之后获得的反应介质有利地蒸馏分离未反应的反应物,即丁二烯或不饱和腈,以进行再循环。
根据本发明,通过遵守依据上面指出的配体/镍之比和镍浓度的条件的蒸馏底料温度来实施这些分离阶段,以避免或限制镍的解配合及其沉淀。
根据本发明的一个优选特征,以磷原子数相对于镍原子数表示的总配体/镍之比优选小于或等于15,有利地是5-15,镍的重量浓度有利地为0.1%-2%,优选为0.1%-1.2%(含端值)。
术语“总配体”是指单齿和二齿配体的所有分子。除非另有说明,在本发明中,措辞“配体/镍”还涉及单齿和二齿配体的所有分子相对于镍原子数的比例。
因而,在通过蒸馏源自于第一氢氰化阶段的反应介质来分离丁二烯或C4石油馏分的情况下,对于以磷原子表示的二齿配体相对于镍原子数的摩尔比为1-4(含端值)以及单齿配体的相应比为4-12(含端值)来说,蒸馏底料的最大温度小于或等于180℃。另外,根据本发明的一个优选特征,镍的重量浓度为大于或等于0.1%,有利地大于0.2%。
类似地,在从源自于氢氰化不饱和腈的第二阶段的介质中分离不饱和腈的阶段中,对于以磷原子表示的二齿配体相对于镍原子数的摩尔比为1-4(含端值)以及单齿配体的相应比为4-7(含端值)来说,蒸馏底料温度有利地小于或等于140℃。另外,根据本发明的一个优选特征,镍的重量浓度为大于或等于0.2%。
而且,在一个实施方案中,本发明的方法可包括通过使用萃取溶剂进行液/液萃取,从包含腈并且尤其是二腈的介质中萃取有机金属配合物和有机磷配体的阶段。作为合适的萃取溶剂的例子,可以提及饱和,线性或环状的脂族烃,如己烷、庚烷、辛烷、环己烷、环戊烷、环庚烷,并且更一般的是环烷烃或者类似物。优选的萃取溶剂是环己烷。
在萃取溶剂中的有机配合物和配体的溶液还进行蒸馏,目的是分离萃取溶剂并且将如此回收的有机金属配合物和配体再循环。在本发明中,萃取溶剂是用于实施该方法的反应物。
还通过遵守如上所述的本发明的特性,如配体/镍之比、镍浓度和蒸馏底料温度来进行这种分离。
根据本发明的一个优选实施方案,环己烷的这种分离是在小于或等于180℃的蒸馏底料温度以及大于或等于0.7%的镍重量浓度下进行的。另外,根据本发明的一个优选特征,以磷原子表示的二齿配体相对于镍原子数的摩尔比为1-4(含端值),而单齿配体的相应比为大于或等于8。
根据本发明,在通过蒸馏含有催化体系的介质进行分离的阶段中,蒸馏底料的最大温度根据介质中配体/镍之比和镍浓度来确定。因此,该温度随着配体/镍之比的增加而增加和/或随着镍浓度的增加而增加。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中,该方法包括在沉降形成稠密相和轻相两相的沉降阶段中进行的分离催化体系和二腈的阶段。提供到该沉降阶段的介质或者是在第二氢氰化阶段之后获得的介质,或者是在未反应的不饱和腈的分离阶段中获得的蒸馏底料。
因而,下层相或稠密相包括大部分的镍和二齿配体,以及一部分的单齿配体,上层相或轻相则是由二腈和剩余部分的镍和单齿和二齿配体组成的。
提供到沉降阶段的介质有利地被冷却到25-75℃的温度,优选30-55℃。
根据本发明方法的另一个特征,在沉降阶段中回收的上层相包括的配体/镍摩尔比有利地大于8。
根据本发明,金属配合物和配体的总的回收是通过使用与二腈不混溶的萃取溶剂对其进行液/液萃取来进行的。这个操作对应于如上所述的操作,使用相同的溶剂。
在这个实施方案中,在未反应的不饱和腈的蒸馏阶段之前,有利地通过添加在沉降阶段回收的下层相或稠密相的一部分来调节和控制镍的浓度。
这是因为,当在本发明的方法中镍与二齿配体结合使用时,在氢氰化介质中使用的镍的浓度可以非常低,例如约为100-2000mg镍/kg反应介质。为了获得适合于促进沉降的镍浓度,可能需要向来自氢氰化阶段的反应介质中添加一定量的催化体系。对镍浓度进行的这种调节可以按如上所述的方式进行。
本发明的方法因而可以回收和分离催化剂,同时尽可能少地损失金属元素以及催化剂。
本发明优选应用于通过使用由下述化学式所示类型的催化剂进行的丁二烯和含3-8个碳原子的直链或支化不饱和腈,更优选的是3-戊烯腈和/或4-戊烯腈的氢氰化,以用于生产己二腈:
Ni[L1]x[L2]y
其中L1表示单齿配体,而L2表示二齿配体,
x和y表示0-4的十进制数,x+2y之和等于3或4。
该催化剂可由对应于上述通式的配合物的混合物组成。
催化体系或者反应介质还可包括一定量的自由形式的单齿和/或二齿有机磷配体,也就是说它们未与镍结合。本发明的催化体系可通过在第一阶段形成镍和单齿配体之间的有机金属配合物而获得。用于形成这种配合物的方法例如公开于专利US3903120和US4416825中。
在第二阶段中,二齿配体被添加到包括所述有机金属配合物的介质中。
第一和第二氢氰化阶段有利地连续进行。在这种情况下,至少一部分回收的催化剂,尤其是在液/液萃取时回收的催化剂,更尤其是在沉降阶段的上层相中回收的催化剂,有利地进行再循环并且在丁二烯氢氰化的第一阶段中和/或在支化不饱和腈异构化成线性不饱和腈的阶段中被用作催化剂。丁二烯的氢氰化和戊烯腈的氢氰化优选使用相同或类似的催化体系。
但是,还可以只在不饱和腈的氢氰化阶段中使用上述的催化体系,在丁二烯氢氰化的第一阶段和异构化阶段中使用的催化体系在化合物的类型方面是不同的。
通过下面仅仅以示意的形式给出的实施例,本发明的其它细节和优点将会变得更加清楚。
实施例中使用的缩写:
PN:戊烯腈
DN:二腈(二腈AdN、MGN和ESN的混合物,最主要地包括AdN)
AdN:己二腈
MGN:甲基戊二腈
ESN:乙基琥珀腈
配体:
实施例1:戊烯腈(PN)的蒸馏
在惰性气氛下,制备具有下述组成的混合物(百分数以重量计:比例为摩尔比):
Ni=1.2%
TTP/Ni=5
配体A/Ni=1
P/Ni=7
DN=38.5%
PN=5%
将该混合物引入到一个管中,该管密封并在一定温度下(参见表)加热2h,然后通过色谱分析确定配合镍的损失:
温度 | Ni的损失 |
130℃ | 0% |
150℃ | 25% |
实施例2:在液/液萃取之后获得的溶液的蒸馏阶段
在惰性气氛下,制备具有下述组成的混合物(百分数以重量计:比例为摩尔比):
Ni=1.0%
TTP/Ni=12
配体A/Ni=1
P/Ni=13
PN=11%
将该混合物引入到一个管中,该管密封并在一定温度下(参见表)加热2h,然后通过色谱分析确定配合镍的损失:
温度 | Ni的损失 |
170℃ | 0% |
190℃ | 45% |
Claims (15)
1.不饱和化合物的氢氰化方法,包括在催化体系存在下的至少一个氢氰化阶段,该催化体系包含由一种或多种单齿有机亚磷酸酯类型的有机磷配体和一种或多种二齿有机磷配体形成的有机金属配合物,和任选的路易斯酸类型的促进剂;以及至少一个蒸馏分离阶段,该蒸馏分离阶段从包含所述催化体系的介质中蒸馏分离在该方法中使用的反应物或者在氢氰化反应期间形成的化合物,其特征在于,经过蒸馏分离阶段的介质包括以磷原子表示的有机磷配体的摩尔数相对于金属元素原子数的比为小于或等于15,和/或形成有机金属配合物的金属元素的重量浓度为小于或等于1.3%,并且蒸馏阶段的蒸馏底料温度小于或等于180℃。
2.权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,单齿配体是选自亚磷酸三苯酯、亚磷酸三甲苯酯、亚磷酸三伞花基酯的化合物。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其特征在于,二齿有机磷配体选自有机亚磷酸酯、有机亚膦酸酯、有机次亚膦酸酯、有机膦。
5.上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,促进剂选自元素周期表第Ib、IIb、IIIa、IIIb、IVa、IVb、Va、Vb、VIb、VIIb和VIII族元素的化合物,所述化合物选自卤化物、硫酸盐、磺酸盐、卤代烷基磺酸盐、全卤代烷基磺酸盐、卤代乙酸盐、全卤代乙酸盐、羧酸盐、磷酸盐、芳基硼烷。
6.权利要求5的方法,其特征在于,路易斯酸选自氯化锌、溴化锌、碘化锌、氯化锰、溴化锰、氯化镉、溴化镉、氯化亚锡、溴化亚锡、硫酸亚锡、酒石酸亚锡、氯化铟、三氟甲基磺酸铟、三氟乙酸铟、稀土元素如镧、铈、镨、钕、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、铪、铒、铥、镱和镥的氯化物或溴化物、氯化钴、氯化亚铁、氯化钇、三苯基硼烷、四异丙醇钛以及它们的混合物。
7.上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,不饱和化合物是丁二烯和/或不饱和腈化合物。
8.上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,不饱和腈是包含3-8个碳原子的线性或支化的脂族化合物。
9.权利要求7的方法,其特征在于不饱和腈是戊烯腈。
10.上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,蒸馏分离阶段是蒸馏源自于氢氰化阶段的介质的阶段,用以分离未反应的不饱和化合物。
11.上述权利要求之一的方法,其特征在于,从所形成的二腈中回收催化体系的过程包括:在任选地蒸馏分离未反应的不饱和腈之后,将源自于不饱和腈的氢氰化反应的反应介质沉降的阶段。
12.权利要求10或11的方法,其特征在于,在任选地分离未反应的单腈之后的源自于不饱和腈的氢氰化反应的反应介质或者在沉降阶段回收的上层相或轻相进行液/液萃取,以萃取在所述介质中存在的有机磷配体和有机金属配合物。
13.权利要求12的方法,其特征在于,萃取溶剂选自己烷、庚烷、辛烷、环己烷、环戊烷、环庚烷。
14.权利要求10-12之一的方法,其特征在于,分离阶段是从液/液萃取之后获得的溶液中蒸馏萃取溶剂的阶段。
15.权利要求10-14之一的方法,其特征在于,在不饱和腈的蒸馏阶段之前,一部分所述下层相在源自于氢氰化反应的反应介质中再循环。
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CN109265367A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-25 | 重庆中平紫光科技发展有限公司 | 一种稳定催化体系并合成己二腈的方法 |
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FR2857965B1 (fr) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-08-26 | Rhodia Polyamide Intermediates | Procede de fabrication et de separation de composes dinitriles |
FR2878848B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-07 | 2007-01-05 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Procede de fabrication de composes dinitriles |
EP1825914A1 (de) | 2006-02-22 | 2007-08-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nickel(0)-Phophorligand-Komplexen |
FR2926549B1 (fr) * | 2008-01-18 | 2015-05-01 | Rhodia Operations | Procede de fabrication de composes nitriles |
FR2926816B1 (fr) | 2008-01-25 | 2010-05-14 | Rhodia Operations | Procede de fabrication de composes comprenant des fonctions nitriles |
FR2932477B1 (fr) * | 2008-06-17 | 2013-01-18 | Rhodia Operations | Procede de fabrication de composes nitriles a partir de composes a insaturation ethylenique |
FR2937321B1 (fr) | 2008-10-21 | 2010-10-22 | Rhodia Operations | Procede de fabrication de composes comprenant des fonctions nitriles |
CN103547349B (zh) | 2011-12-21 | 2016-03-16 | 因温斯特北美公司 | 用于减少稳定乳液的萃取溶剂控制 |
EP2794047B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2021-04-14 | INVISTA Textiles (U.K.) Limited | Extraction solvent control for reducing stable emulsions |
US9133223B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2015-09-15 | Invista North America S.A.R.L. | Extraction solvent control for reducing stable emulsions |
CN107082752B (zh) | 2013-07-17 | 2021-06-15 | 英威达纺织(英国)有限公司 | 通过蒸馏将溶剂与镍催化剂分离 |
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2003
- 2003-05-12 FR FR0305673A patent/FR2854892B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2004
- 2004-05-07 US US10/556,628 patent/US7612223B2/en active Active
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- 2004-05-07 EP EP04742669A patent/EP1622863B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2004-05-07 CN CNB200480012864XA patent/CN100441566C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-05-11 TW TW093113213A patent/TWI344386B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109265367A (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2019-01-25 | 重庆中平紫光科技发展有限公司 | 一种稳定催化体系并合成己二腈的方法 |
CN109265367B (zh) * | 2018-10-30 | 2021-09-24 | 河南中平紫光科技有限公司 | 一种稳定催化体系并合成己二腈的方法 |
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RU2299194C2 (ru) | 2007-05-20 |
EP1622863A2 (fr) | 2006-02-08 |
US20070155979A1 (en) | 2007-07-05 |
RU2005138494A (ru) | 2006-04-27 |
FR2854892B1 (fr) | 2005-06-24 |
KR100734798B1 (ko) | 2007-07-03 |
TW200505573A (en) | 2005-02-16 |
UA79378C2 (uk) | 2007-06-11 |
TWI344386B (en) | 2011-07-01 |
DE602004015770D1 (de) | 2008-09-25 |
WO2004101498A3 (fr) | 2005-01-27 |
US7612223B2 (en) | 2009-11-03 |
KR20060040585A (ko) | 2006-05-10 |
WO2004101498A2 (fr) | 2004-11-25 |
EP1622863B1 (fr) | 2008-08-13 |
ATE404530T1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
FR2854892A1 (fr) | 2004-11-19 |
CN100441566C (zh) | 2008-12-10 |
JP2007502854A (ja) | 2007-02-15 |
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