CN1767827A - 肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂 - Google Patents
肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1767827A CN1767827A CNA2004800088568A CN200480008856A CN1767827A CN 1767827 A CN1767827 A CN 1767827A CN A2004800088568 A CNA2004800088568 A CN A2004800088568A CN 200480008856 A CN200480008856 A CN 200480008856A CN 1767827 A CN1767827 A CN 1767827A
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- pulmonary disease
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Abstract
本发明提供含有7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐作为有效成分的呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病,例如,慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)或急性肺损伤(ALI)的治疗及/或预防剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂.
背景技术
慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)或急性肺损伤(ALI)等是以慢性嗜中性白细胞炎症发病为特征的肺部疾病(Am.Rev.Respir.Dis.,1989年,第140卷,p.1527;Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med.,1996年,第153卷,p.530;Curr.Opin.Crit.Care,2001年,第7卷,p.1)。其中,COPD的药物疗法中,虽然可以使用β-刺激剂、抗胆碱能剂、茶碱等支气管扩张剂,但和彻底治疗没有关系(Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med.,2001年,第163卷,p.1256)。近年来,利用磷酸二酯酶(PDE)-IV抑制剂的COPD的药物疗法引人注目(Clin.Exp.Allergy.,1999年,第29卷,p.99;Lancet.,2001年,第358卷,p.265)。
另一方面,ARDS及ALI基于肺部毛细血管、肺泡等的损伤,作为炎症病变被捕捉,作为其治疗法可以主要使用原因疗法和呼吸衰竭对策、其他类固醇给药等的对症疗法(Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med.,1994年,第149卷,p.818;N.Engl.J.Med.,2000年,第342卷,p.1334)。
此前,已知将7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐作为磷酸二酯酶IV抑制剂使用(WO96/36624号)。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供含有以7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐作为有效成分的呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病,例如,COPD、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、ARDS、ALI等的治疗及/或预防剂。
本发明涉及以下(1)~(9)。
(1)含有以式(I)
所表示的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐作为有效成分的呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂。
(2)(1)所记载的呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是选自COPD、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎的疾病。
(3)(1)记载的呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是ARDS或ALI。
(4)一种呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防方法,其特征为给与有效量的以式(I)
所表示的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐。
(5)(4)所记载的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防方法,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是选自COPD、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎中的疾病。
(6)(4)所记载的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防方法,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是ARDS或ALI。
(7)以式(I)
所表示的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐在制造呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂中的使用。
(8)(7)所记载的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐的使用,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是选自COPD、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎中的疾病。
(9)(7)所记载的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐的使用,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是ARDS或AL I。
下面,将以式(I)所表示的化合物称为化合物(I)。
化合物(I)的药理学所允许的盐包含药理学所允许的酸加成盐、金属盐、铵盐、有机胺加成盐、氨基酸加成盐等。
作为化合物(I)的药理学所允许的酸加成盐可举出的有盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐等无机盐,醋酸盐、马来酸盐、富马酸盐、柠檬酸盐等有机酸盐;作为药理学所允许的金属盐可举出的有钠盐、钾盐等碱金属盐,镁盐、钙盐等碱土类金属盐、铝盐、锌盐等;作为药理学所允许的铵盐可举出的有铵盐、四甲铵盐等;作为药理学所允许的有机胺加成盐可举出的有吗啉、哌啶等的加成盐;作为药理学所允许的氨基酸加成盐可举出的有甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸等的加成盐。
下面,就化合物(I)的制备方法进行说明。
化合物(I)可以根据WO96/36624号记载的方法进行制备。
化合物(I)中虽然存在有互变异构体等立体异构体,但在本发明的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂中,包括这些在内,全部可能的异构体及其混合物都可以使用。
当想要取得化合物(I)的盐时,当化合物(I)以盐的形式得到时,将其直接提纯就可以了,再有,当以游离的形式得到时,将化合物(I)溶解或悬浮在适当的溶液中,加入酸或碱分离、提纯就可以了。
还有,化合物(I)及其药理学所允许的盐也可以以与水或各种溶剂的加成物的形式存在,这些加成物也可以用在本发明的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂中。
下面,根据试验例对化合物(I)的药理作用进行具体地说明。
试验例1对脂多糖(LPS)诱发的肺部障碍模型中嗜中性白细胞增加的抑制作用
将溶解于含有25%呼吸器官用吸入剂ALEVAIRE(注册商标:株式会社Azwell,大阪)的生理盐水溶液(给药溶剂)或给药溶剂中的300ng/mL的LPS(Sigma-Aldrich,MO,USA)0.1mL在9周大的雄性BALB/c小鼠(Charles River Japan,神奈川)的气管内给药,气管内给药6小时后,进行支气管肺泡灌洗(BAL)(分为溶剂给药群、LPS给药群)。另一方面,使化合物(I)及LPS分别以1mg/mL及300ng/mL的浓度悬浮于给药溶剂中(化合物(I)给药用悬浮液),将该给药用悬浮液0.1mL在气管内给药,给药6小时后进行BAL[化合物(I)给药群]。
回收的支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)分别在570×g、10分钟、4℃的条件下离心分离后,除去上清液,得到沉淀。将沉淀再次悬浮于0.1mL的生理盐水中,用全自动血细胞计数仪Celltacα(日本光电,东京)进行总白血球细胞数计数。计数后,在残留的约0.05mL沉淀中加入0.2mL的生理盐水,用Cytospins 3(Shandon,Pittsburgh,PA,USA)制作成涂片标本。用自动染色装置(OMRON,京都)对涂片标本进行赖特(Wright)染色(MICROX用染色液,OMRON)后,在显微镜下(400倍)进行细胞计数。
将细胞数区别为巨噬细胞、嗜中性白细胞和淋巴细胞共计出300个,算出各种细胞的比例(式1)。从上述算出的嗜中性白细胞数的比例和总白血球细胞数得出中性白细胞数(式2)。化合物(I)对中性白细胞数的增加抑制率从式3求得。另外,本试验的全部个体中BALF中的细胞几乎都是由巨噬细胞、嗜中性白细胞及淋巴细胞构成,嗜酸性细胞、嗜碱性细胞及其他细胞几乎都没有观察到。
涉及嗜中性白细胞的结果如表1所示。
第1表
给药群 | 用量(mg/匹) | N数(匹) | 嗜中性白细胞数*(×105细胞数/BALF) | 嗜中性白细胞数的增加抑制率 |
溶剂LPS化合物(I) | --0.1 | 656 | 0.04±0.011.31±0.190.72±0.22 | --47% |
*:平均值±标准误差
与溶剂给药群比较LPS给药群的BALF中的嗜中性白细胞数显著增加。另一方面,化合物(I)给药群与LPS给药群比较嗜中性白细胞数的增加少,由于化合物(I)的给药LPS引起的中性白细胞数的增加被抑制了。即,显示了由于化合物(I)的给药可以抑制对于肺的嗜中性白细胞的浸润。
由于LPS在气管内的给药,观察到肺中嗜中性白细胞的浸润、作为炎症性细胞素的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和作为强力嗜中性白细胞趋化因子的巨噬细胞炎症蛋白质(MIP-2)等的增加等(Am.J.Physiol.,1999年,第276卷,p.L736)。这些症状是与COPD患者所见症状同样的症状(Trends in Pharmacol.Sci.,1998年,第19卷,p.415)。因此,可以认为,作为COPD的动物模型LPS诱发肺部障碍模型是有效的。
COPD患者的BALF和咳痰中,确认有很多嗜中性白细胞,咳痰中或支气管粘膜中嗜中性白细胞越多的患者气道阻塞越恶化(Am.Rev.Respir.Dis.,1989年,第140卷,p.1527;Am.J.Respir.Crit.Care Med.,1996年,第153卷,p.530;Am.J.Respir.Crit.CareMed.,1998年,第158卷,p.1277)。再有,将嗜中性白细胞放出的弹性蛋白酶给与动物会诱导肺气肿样的症状(Eur.Respir.J.,1985年,第132卷,p.1155)。从这些事情可以认为,由于嗜中性白细胞对肺部浸润的抑制,可以治疗例如,COPD、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎等。
还有,可以认为,由于LPS诱发肺障碍模型呈现出嗜中性白细胞的炎症,因此作为ARDS或ALI的动物模型也是有效的(Lab.Anim.,1992年,第26卷,p.29;Am.J.Respir.Cell Mol.Biol.,1997年,第16卷,p.267;Inflammation,1999年,第23卷,p.263)。
试验例2:烟草主流烟诱发肺障碍模型中嗜中性白细胞的增加抑制作用
将化合物(I)悬浮于含有25%呼吸器官用吸入剂ALEVAIRE(注册商标:株式会社Azwell,大阪)的生理食盐水溶液(给药溶剂)中,在0.6mg/mL的浓度下调制(化合物(I)给药用悬浮液),用于试验。
给6~7周大的雄性CD大白鼠(Charles River Japan,神奈川)按体重1kg 0.5mL口服给药溶剂或化合物(I)给药悬浮液。10~12小时后,用吸烟暴露系统(M.I.P.S大阪)将其全身暴露在卷烟(highlight日本烟草,东京)主流烟中。暴露通过5分钟的烟草主流烟暴露和接着的10分钟的大气暴露连续8回反复进行。
给与给药溶剂以大气暴露代替烟草主流烟暴露的群为溶剂给药群,给与给药溶剂暴露于烟草主流烟的群为吸烟群,给与化合物(I)给药用悬浮液暴露于烟草主流烟的群为化合物(I)给药群。
暴露结束后6小时,用Hanks液[Hanks’Balanced Salt Solution(Invitrogen Corporation,CA,USA)]进行BAL(4mL×3回)。BALF全量回收,按试验例1同样进行处理,求得嗜中性白细胞数。结果如表2所示。再有,本试验的全部的个体中,BALF中的细胞也都是由巨噬细胞、嗜中性白细胞及淋巴细胞构成,嗜酸性细胞、嗜碱性细胞及其他细胞几乎都没有观察到。
第2表
给药群 | 用量(mg/匹) | N数(匹) | 嗜中性白细胞数*(×105细胞数/BALF) | 嗜中性白细胞数的增加抑制率 |
溶剂吸烟化合物(I) | --0.3 | 121212 | 0.29±0.120.56±0.230.34±0.13 | --81% |
*:平均值±标准误差
本实验的结果,与溶剂给药群比较,吸烟群中,BALF中的嗜中性白细胞数显著增加,在化合物(I)给药群中,吸烟群中嗜中性白细胞数的增加被抑制。即,显示了由于化合物(I)的给药可以抑制对于支气管肺泡的嗜中性白细胞的浸润。
已经指出COPD是由吸烟所引起的(Am.J.Respir.Crit.CareMed.,2001年,第163卷,p.1256),也暗示了烟草的烟中所含有的LPS与COPD的发病有关(Chest,1999年,第115卷,p.829)。可以认为像上述由于暴露在烟草的主流烟中引起对气道的中性白细胞浸润这样的肺障碍模型对COPD治疗药的评价是有用的(Respir.Res.,2001年,第2卷,p.E003;Chest.,2002年,第121卷,p.192S)。因此,可以认为化合物(I)作为对于COPD的治疗及/或预防药是有用的。
根据上述,可以认为化合物(I)或其药理学所允许的盐,作为例如COPD、肺气肿、慢性支气管炎、ARDS、ALI等的治疗及/或预防剂是有效的。
化合物(I)或其药理学所允许的盐也可以单独给药,但通常希望作为各种医药制剂来提供。再有,这些医药制剂是动物及人所使用的。
本发明有关的医药制剂作为活性成分可以含有化合物(I)或其药理学所允许的盐以单独的形式或作为与任意为其他治疗目的有效成分的混合物的形式。再有,这些医药制剂通过将活性成分与药理学上所允许的一种或更多种的担载体相混合,按照在制剂学的技术领域众所周知的任意方法来制备。
作为给药途径,优选使用对治疗时最有效果的途径,可列举的有口服或,例如,静脉内、气管内、经皮等非口服途径。
作为给药形态,可列举的有片剂、注射剂、吸入剂、外用剂等。
适合于口服给药的,例如片剂等,可以用乳糖、甘露醇等赋形剂,淀粉等崩解剂,硬脂酸镁等润滑剂、羟丙基纤维素等粘结剂、脂肪酸酯等表面活性剂,甘油等增塑剂,苯甲酸、p-羟基苯甲酸酯类等防腐剂等来制造。
适合于非口服给药的,例如注射剂,优选用含有与接收者的血液等张的活性化合物的灭菌水性剂来制造。例如,可以用以盐溶液、葡萄糖溶液或盐水和葡萄糖溶液的混合物制成的担体等来调制注射用的溶液。
吸入剂可以通过将活性成分制成粉末或液状,配合在吸入喷雾剂或担体中,例如,填充在定量喷雾式吸入器、干粉吸入器等适当的吸入容器中来制造。上述活性成分是粉末的场合,可以使用通常的机械粉末吸入器,液状的场合,通常使用喷雾器等吸入器。作为吸入喷射剂,可以广泛地使用已经众所周知的,例如,可列举的有氟利昂-11、氟利昂-12、氟利昂-21、氟利昂-22、氟利昂-113、氟利昂-114、氟利昂-123、氟利昂-142c、氟利昂-134a、氟利昂-227、氟利昂-C318、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷等氟利昂系气体、HFA-227、HFA-134a等替代氟利昂气体、丙烷、异丁烷、正丁烷等碳氢化合物系气体、二乙醚、氮气、二氧化碳气体等。作为担体,可以广泛地使用已经众所周知的,例如,糖类、糖醇类、氨基酸等,优选乳糖、D-甘露糖醇等。
作为外用剂的适当剂型,没有特别的限定,可列举的有将活性成分溶解或混合分散在基剂中使成乳膏状、糊状、凝胶状(Jelly)、冻胶状(gel)、乳液状、液状等形状的(软膏剂、搽剂、洗液等)、将活性成分及经皮吸收促进剂溶解或混合分散在基剂中的,例如,在聚乙烯、聚酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等支持体上延展的(敷剂、带剂)等。作为上述基剂,只要是得到药理学所允许的哪一种都可以,可以使用作为软膏剂、搽剂、洗液等的基剂而以前为人所知的,例如,可以举出褐藻酸钠;明胶、玉米淀粉、黄蓍胶、甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、黄原胶、糊精、羧甲基淀粉、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸钠、甲氧基乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、聚乙烯醚、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等聚合物;蜂蜡、橄榄油、可可油、芝麻油、大豆油、山茶油、花生油、牛油、猪油、羊毛酯等油脂类;白色凡士林、黄色凡士林等凡士林类;石蜡;烃凝胶(hydrocarbongel)软膏(例如,商品名Plastibase,大正制药社制造);硬脂酸等高级脂肪酸;鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇等高级醇;聚乙二醇;水等。作为上述经皮吸收促进剂,只要是得到药理学所允许的哪一种都可以,可举出的有例如,甲醇、乙醇、二甘醇、丙二醇等醇类;二甲亚砜、十二烷基吡咯烷酮等极性溶剂;尿素;月桂酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、辛酸十六酯等酯类;氮酮;橄榄油等。进一步,根据需要也可添加高岭土、膨润土、氧化锌、氧化钛等无机填充剂;粘度调节剂;老化防止剂;pH调节剂;甘油、丙二醇等保湿剂等。
再有,在上述外用剂中,也可添加稀释剂、香料类、以及在从口服剂所列出的赋形剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、粘结剂、表面活性剂、增塑剂、防腐剂等中选出的一种或更多的辅助成分。
化合物(I)或其药理学所允许的盐的给药量及给药次数根据给药形态、患者的年龄、体重、应治疗的症状的性质或严重程度等而不同,但通常口服给药的场合,成人一人一日一次至数次给药0.01mg~1g,优选0.5~100mg。吸入的场合,成人一人一日一次至数次给药1μg~1000m g,优选0.01~100mg,更优选0.05~20mg。静脉内给药等非口服的场合,成人一人一日一次至数次给药1μg~100mg,优选0.01~10mg。但是,关于这些给药量及给药次数,根据上述种种条件变动。
以下,根据实施例对本发明的情况进行说明。
具体实施方式
实施例1:片剂
根据常用方法,调制下面组成的片剂。将化合物(I)40g、乳糖286.8g及马铃薯淀粉60g混合、向其中加入120g羟丙基纤维素的10%的水溶液。根据常用方法将这一混合物捏合、造粒、干燥后,整粒作为制片用颗粒。在其中加入硬脂酸镁1.2g混合,用具有8mm直径冲头的打片机(菊水社制造RT-15型)进行打片,得到片剂(每1片含有20mg活性成分)。
处方 | 化合物(I)乳糖马铃薯淀粉羟丙基纤维素硬脂酸镁 | 20mg143.4mg30mg6mg0.6mg |
200mg |
实施例2:注射剂
根据常用方法,调制下面组成的注射剂。将化合物(I)1g溶解在精制大豆油中,加入精制蛋黄卵磷脂12g及注射用甘油25g。根据常用方法用注射用蒸馏水将该混合物混合·乳化为1000ml。得到的分散液用0.2μm的抛弃式过滤膜无菌过滤后,每只2ml无菌填充进玻璃小瓶中,得到注射剂(每1小瓶含有活性成份2mg)。
处方 | 化合物(I)精制大豆油精制蛋黄卵磷脂注射用甘油注射用蒸馏水 | 2mg200mg24mg50mg1.72ml |
2.00ml |
实施例3:干粉吸入剂
用喷射式磨机(A-0 JET,SEISHIN企业),将化合物(I)10g以空气压力5此/cm2、1.5g/分钟的送料速度粉碎(体积平均粒径:5.7μm)。得到的化合物(I)的粉碎物和乳糖(Pharmatose 325M:注册商标,DMV公司制造)以重量比1∶5混合,得到干粉制剂。该制剂可通过常用的干粉吸入器给药。
处方 | 化合物(I)乳糖 | 16.7mg83.3mg |
100mg |
工业实用性
根据本发明,提供含有7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐作为有效成分的呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病,例如,COPD、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎、ARDS、ALI等的治疗及/或预防剂。
Claims (9)
2.权利要求1记载的呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是选自慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎中的疾病。
3.权利要求1记载的呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是急性呼吸窘迫综合症(ARDS)或急性肺损伤(ALI)。
4.一种呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防方法,其特征为给予有效量的式(I)
所表示的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐。
5.权利要求4所记载的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防方法,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是选自COPD、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎中的疾病。
6.权利要求4所记载的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防方法,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是ARDS或ALI。
7.以式(I)
所表示的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐在制造呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病的治疗及/或预防剂中的使用。
8.权利要求7所记载的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐的使用,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是选自COPD、肺气肿及慢性支气管炎中的疾病。
9.权利要求7所记载的7-[2-(3,5-二氯-4-吡啶基)-1-氧代乙基]-4-甲氧基-螺[1,3-苯并二噁茂-2,1’-环戊烷]或其药理学所允许的盐的使用,其中呈现嗜中性白细胞炎症的肺部疾病是ARDS或ALI。
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