CN1765569A - 机床用刀具自动更换装置 - Google Patents

机床用刀具自动更换装置 Download PDF

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CN1765569A
CN1765569A CNA2005100448659A CN200510044865A CN1765569A CN 1765569 A CN1765569 A CN 1765569A CN A2005100448659 A CNA2005100448659 A CN A2005100448659A CN 200510044865 A CN200510044865 A CN 200510044865A CN 1765569 A CN1765569 A CN 1765569A
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chela
cutter
machine tool
replacing device
counterbore
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CN1765569B (zh
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大平研五
安丰锐
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Weihai Huadong Automation Co Ltd
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Weihai And Ren Pml Precision Mechanism Ltd
Weihai Huadong Automation Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15722—Rotary discs or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155418—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers the grippers moving together
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
    • B23Q2003/155428—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable about a common axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
    • B23Q2003/155435—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable
    • B23Q2003/155442—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable radially to the pivoting axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
    • B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
    • B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
    • B23Q2003/155425—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable
    • B23Q2003/155435—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable
    • B23Q2003/155446—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers pivotable and linearly movable with translation of the pivoting axis

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Sawing (AREA)
  • Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及机床领域，设有刀盘，刀盘为夹角不大于270度的扇形盘，在扇形盘的边沿同一圆周方向上均匀分布有夹钳，刀盘固定在转轴的上端，转轴插装在支架内，支架垂直固定在支座上，支座与机床鞍座连动，转轴的下端经蜗轮与蜗杆啮合，蜗杆由伺服电机驱动。左钳爪及右钳爪分别经左转轴及右转轴并排安装刀盘上，在左转轴与右转轴的左侧，左钳爪及右钳爪左侧的板体上加工有倒圆锥台式沉孔，倒圆锥台式沉孔的轴心位于左钳爪与右钳爪的接合部位，滑杆轴线方向上加工有柱形沉孔，压板的下侧面与倒圆锥台式沉孔的上孔面之间有一个间隙，滑杆的下端设有一个端部为斜面的斜楔。能快速自动实现刀盘与机床主轴间刀具的直接更换。

Description

机床用刀具自动更换装置
所属技术领域
本发明涉及机床领域，尤其是一种机床刀具的自动更换装置。
背景技术
现有的机床刀具自动更换装置，其一般采用“斗笠式刀库”，在360度圆周上均等排列着把持工具的夹钳，通过机械Z轴的运动进行工具的装卸，“斗笠”整体是通过气缸等驱动，没有防止工具飞出的机构(锁紧机构)。因工具全圆周排列，所以侵占了加工领域，结果就导致加工领域(可加工工件的大小)狭窄，需要气缸及“斗笠”整体的轨道，所以结构复杂、成本高，另外，没有防止工具飞出的锁紧机构，无法进行重工具的高速回转定位，换刀时间长。
发明内容
为了克服现有机床用刀具自动更换装置的技术不足，本发明提供一种机床用刀具自动更换装置，该刀具自动更换装置不仅结构简单、生产成本低，能快速自动实现刀库与机床主轴间刀具直接更换。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：设有刀盘，刀盘为夹角不大于270度的扇形盘，在扇形盘的边沿同一圆周方向上均匀分布有夹钳，刀盘固定在转轴的上端，转轴插装在支架内，支架垂直固定在支座上，支座与机床鞍座连动，转轴的下端经蜗轮与蜗杆啮合，蜗杆由伺服电机驱动。
本发明还可通过如下措施来实现：夹钳由左钳爪、右钳爪组成，左钳爪及右钳爪分别经左转轴及右转轴并排安装刀盘上，在左转轴与右转轴的左侧，左钳爪及右钳爪左侧的板体上加工有倒圆锥台式沉孔，倒圆锥台式沉孔的轴心位于左钳爪与右钳爪的接合部位，滑杆轴线方向上加工有柱形沉孔，沉孔内安装有弹簧，弹簧被固定杆压缩在沉孔内，固定杆的上端被螺母固定在压板上，压板的下侧面与倒圆锥台式沉孔的上孔面之间有一个间隙，滑杆的下端设有一个顶部为斜面的斜楔。左钳爪与右钳爪之间安装有压缩弹簧。左钳爪及右钳爪的右端组成一个半圆形的钳口。楔子经连杆与解锁油缸的伸缩杆连动，解锁油缸固定在转杆的下侧面，而楔子则位于转杆的上侧，转杆与转轴之间经轴承转动配合。转杆与驱动油缸的伸缩杆铰接，驱动油缸的缸体固定在刀库支架上。
本发明的有益效果是，结构简单、生产成本，能快速自动实现刀库与机床主轴间刀具的直接更换，并且可提高机床主轴的作业空间。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
图2是本发明刀盘的结构示意图。
图3是本发明解锁机构的结构示意图。
图4是本发明夹钳的结构示意图。
图5是本发明安装在机床上的使用状态图。
图6-1、图6-2、图6-3、图6-4是本发明退刀具操作的流程图。
图7-1、图7-2、图7-3、图7-4、图7-5是本发明换刀具操作的流程图。
图中1.刀盘，2.转轴，3.刀库支架，4.刀库底座，5.蜗轮，6.蜗杆，7.伺服电机，8.解锁油缸，9.转杆，10.解锁机构，11.夹钳，12.驱动油缸，13.斜楔，14.刀具，15.滑杆，16.压板，17.螺母，18.固定杆，19.弹簧，20.压缩弹簧，21.左转轴，22.左钳爪，23.钳口，24.右钳爪，25.右转轴，26.鞍座，27.立柱，28.主轴。
具体实施方式
在图1、图2、图3、图4、图5中，刀库底座4与鞍座26同步沿机床的X方向连动，刀库底座4上垂直固定有刀库支架3，刀库支架3轴线方向的内腔套中插装有转轴2，转轴2的下端经蜗轮5与蜗杆6啮合，蜗杆6由伺服电机7驱动，转轴2的上端与刀盘1的中心部位固定在一起，刀盘1可随转轴2转动，刀盘1为夹角为180度的扇形盘，本发明刀盘1还可以为夹角为210度、240度、270度的扇形盘，扇形盘的夹角小于或等于270度角，在扇形盘的边沿同一圆周方向上均匀分布有夹钳11。夹钳11由左钳爪22、右钳爪24组成，左钳爪22及右钳爪24分别经左转轴21及右转轴25并排安装在刀盘1上，左钳爪22及右钳爪24可分别绕左转轴21及右转轴25转动，在左转轴21及右转轴25的左侧，左钳爪22与右钳爪24之间安装有压缩弹簧20，左钳爪22及右钳爪24的右端组成一个半圆形的钳口23，在压缩弹簧20的作用下左钳爪22及右钳爪24可将刀具14夹持，在左转轴21与右转轴25的左侧，左钳爪22及右钳爪24左侧的板体上加工有倒圆锥台式沉孔，倒圆锥台式沉孔的轴心位于左钳爪22与右钳爪24的接合部位，倒圆锥台式沉孔内插装有滑杆15，滑杆15的下端为圆柱形结构，滑杆15的上端为倒圆锥台形结构，滑杆15轴线方向上加工有柱形沉孔，沉孔内安装有弹簧19，弹簧19被固定杆18压缩在沉孔内，固定杆18的上端被螺母17固定在压板16上，压板16的下侧面与倒圆锥台式沉孔的上孔面之间有一个间隙，滑杆15的下端设有一个顶部为斜面的斜楔13，斜楔13与解锁油缸8的伸缩杆连动，解锁油缸8固定在转杆9的下侧面，而斜楔13则位于转杆9的上侧，转杆9与转轴2之间经轴承转动配合，转杆9与驱动油缸12的伸缩杆铰接，解锁油缸8的缸体与齿条铰接，驱动油缸12动作从而带动齿条使之绕固定在刀库支架上的齿轮转动，可驱动转杆9及其上所固定的解锁油缸8绕轴2转动90度角。
本发明解锁机构11的工作原理是：刀具14锁紧状态时，斜楔13与滑杆15不接触，在弹簧19的推动下，滑杆15上端的倒圆锥台向下完全沉入在左钳爪22及右钳爪24板体上的倒圆锥台式沉孔内。此时无论向两个方向如何扳动钳口，即在非破坏性力作用下，钳口位置处的左钳爪22及右钳爪24能始终夹持住刀具14。当需要从钳口上取出刀具14时，解锁油缸8动作，推动斜楔13向前运动，斜楔13顶部的斜面推动滑杆15向上移动，在滑杆15向上移动的同时弹簧19被压缩，滑杆15上端的倒圆锥台向上从左钳爪22及右钳爪24板体上的倒圆锥台式沉孔内露出，使夹钳11失去锁紧功能。从而使钳口夹持刀具14的力量只有依靠压缩弹簧20的作用，此时依靠鞍座的运动使刀具从夹钳脱离出来，或从主轴上下刀。
图5、图6-1、图6-2、图6-3、图6-4中为本发明从主轴上退刀操作的流程图。刀具14位于主轴28上，伺服电机7带动蜗杆6转动，蜗杆6经与之啮合的蜗轮5使转轴2转动，转轴2又驱动刀盘1转动，并控制刀盘1转动至某个空夹钳11对准主轴28上所安装的刀具14的位置，此时驱动油缸12动作推动转杆9及其上所固定的解锁油缸8绕转轴2转动，当转动到斜楔13对准滑杆15的位置时，驱动油缸12停止转动，解锁油缸8动作，推动斜楔13向前运动，斜楔13端部的斜面推动滑杆15向上移动，使夹钳失去锁紧的作用，刀库底座4随鞍座26沿机床的X轴方向向主轴28移动，当夹钳11与主轴28上的刀具14接触时，在鞍座的推动下，夹钳11张开并将刀具14含在半圆形的钳口内，此时解锁油缸8反向动作斜楔13被拉回，斜楔13与滑杆15不接触，在弹簧19推动下滑杆15向下运动，滑杆15上端的倒圆锥台向下完全沉入在左钳爪22及右钳爪24板体上的倒圆锥台式沉孔内，从而使夹钳恢复锁紧功能，最后主轴28沿机床Z轴方向向上运动，夹钳11即可将刀具14从主轴27上拉出。
图5、图7-1、图7-2、图7-3、图7-4、图7-5是本发明换刀具操作的流程图。主轴28上无刀具14，伺服电机7带动蜗杆6转动，蜗杆6经与之啮合的蜗轮5使转轴2转动，转轴2又驱动刀盘1转动，并控制刀盘1转动至夹持所需要刀具14的夹钳11对准主轴28的位置，刀库底座4随鞍座25沿机床的X轴方向向主轴28移动，当夹持刀具14的夹钳11移动到主轴28正下方位置时，主轴28沿机床Z轴方向向下运动，使刀具14卡合在主轴28上，与此同时驱动油缸12动作推动转杆9及其上所固定的解锁油缸8绕转轴2转动，当转动到斜楔13对准滑杆15的位置时，驱动油缸12停止转动，解锁油缸8动作推动斜楔13向前运动，斜楔13端部的斜面逐渐推动滑杆15向上移动，使夹钳失去锁紧功能，此时鞍座带动刀库反向运动使刀具从夹钳上脱离出来，刀具14被拉出后，解锁油缸8反向动作斜楔13被拉回，斜楔13与滑杆15脱离接触，刀库底座4继续随鞍座25沿机床的X轴方向向背离主轴28方向移动，实现换刀动作。与此同时驱动油缸12带动解锁油缸8回转到起始位置，伺服电机7经转轴2带动刀盘1也回转到起始位置，从而主轴28上所安装的刀具14就可以对工作台上的工件进行加工。

Claims (6)

1、一种机床用刀具自动更换装置，设有刀盘，其特征在于：刀盘为夹角不大于270度的扇形盘，在扇形盘的边沿同一圆周方向上均匀分布有夹钳，刀盘固定在转轴的上端，转轴插装在支架内，支架垂直固定在支座上，支座与机床鞍座连动，转轴的下端经蜗轮与蜗杆啮合，蜗杆由伺服电机驱动。
2、根据权利要求1所述机床用刀具自动更换装置，其特征在于所说的夹钳由左钳爪、右钳爪组成，左钳爪及右钳爪分别经左转轴及右转轴并排安装刀盘上，在左转轴与右转轴的左侧，左钳爪及右钳爪左侧的板体上加工有倒圆锥台式沉孔，倒圆锥台式沉孔的轴心位于左钳爪与右钳爪的接合部位，滑杆轴线方向上加工有柱形沉孔，沉孔内安装有弹簧，弹簧被固定杆压缩在沉孔内，固定杆的上端被螺母固定在压板上，压板的下侧面与倒圆锥台式沉孔的上孔面之间有一个间隙，滑杆的下端设有一个顶部为斜面的斜楔。
3、根据权利要求2所述机床用刀具自动更换装置，其特征在于所说的左钳爪与右钳爪之间安装有压缩弹簧。
4、根据权利要求2所述机床用刀具自动更换装置，其特征在于所说的左钳爪及右钳爪的右端组成一个半圆形的钳口。
5、根据权利要求2所述机床用刀具自动更换装置，其特征在于所说的楔子经连杆与解锁油缸的伸缩杆连动，解锁油缸固定在转杆的下侧面，而楔子则位于转杆的上侧，转杆与转轴之间经轴承转动配合。
6、根据权利要求5所述机床用刀具自动更换装置，其特征在于所说的转杆与驱动油缸的伸缩杆铰接，驱动油缸的缸体与齿条铰接而绕固定齿轮转动。
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