CN1764816B - 换热器,特别是空气/空气冷却器 - Google Patents
换热器,特别是空气/空气冷却器 Download PDFInfo
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- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
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- F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
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- F28D1/0366—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
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- F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
- F28D3/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits with tubular conduits
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
- F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
- F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
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- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2215/00—Fins
- F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种热交换器,特别是一种由空气冷却的空气冷却器,它包括一个具有第一和第二组流道的芯体,该两组流道的流向相互十字交叉设置,分别用于待冷却的第一气体介质和第二冷却气体介质。按照本发明,第一组流道与安装在芯体上的汇集器在入口和出口侧相连,第二组流道中有翅片。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换热器,特别是一种空气/空气-冷却器。
背景技术
这种换热器已由DE-C 195 19 633所公开。
常见的空气/空气-冷却器,尤其是由空气冷却的增压空气冷却器具有一种十字交叉形的流通结构,通过待冷却气体(例如内燃机的增压空气)的管道末端连接在被称作空气箱的汇流箱上。这种冷却器实质上有两种构造形式,第一种是扁管式结构,在这种结构中换热器芯体是由扁平的管道和在管道之间的翅片组成,例如根据DE-A 196 51 625的结构。另一种是所谓的芯组型结构,其两种介质的流道是由层叠的板体(平板)制成,在这些板体之间装有翅片并在侧面装有封闭板。然后整个芯体被焊接起来。
这种空气/空气-冷却器存在的问题是,由于两种介质有很高的温度差,并且这种温度差变化非常快而产生热应力。例如对于通过周围空气对内燃机增压空气的冷却过程变得极不稳定,在短时间内变化的温度差可达到100到200摄氏度。值得注意的是:由于很高的温度差,在被冷却空气(例如增压空气)通过的管道入口部位会产生材料的热膨胀,这会导致冷却器产生裂纹并且密闭性会受到损害。
对于水冷增压空气冷却器,为了避免由于热所产生的材料的膨胀,在DE-C 195 19 633中曾建议在空气入口端设计间隙以部分抵消翅片横向的膨胀。另一方面,为了防止在冷却水通过的扁管中产生蒸汽气泡以及热腐蚀,建议以这样的方式确定空气管道入口处翅片的尺寸:即在这个部位使更少的热量从热增压空气传递给冷却水,例如在入口处安装一个光滑的翅片,在入口处的后面安装一个刻有凹槽的波形翅片。这种结构被推荐应用于扁管结构的液体冷却的增压空气冷却器中,也就是说该结构全部位于增压空气部分。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于使本文开始时所提的到的那种换热器得到改进,这样可以消除由热所产生的应力,由此可以避免在冷却器中产生裂缝,使其密闭性得到保证。
本发明的任务可以通过如下技术方案实现。换热器,特别是由空气冷却的空气冷却器,包括一个芯体和流过待冷却气体介质的第一组流道和流过冷却气体介质的第二组流道,两组流道中的流向相互交叉,第一组流道在入口和出口端分别和装在芯体上的汇流箱相连接,在第二组流道中装有翅片,在第一组流道的入口处所安装的导热设备的热交换能力比安装在其内部的要低;该导热设备为内波形翅片,在入口处安装的是第一组内波形翅片,在其他部位安装的是第二组内波形翅片;该第一组流道的长度为L1,入口深度为b,具有如下关系:0.01L1≤b≤0.5L1。
优选地,0.05L1≤b≤0.3L1,更为优选地,0.1L1≤b≤0.2L1。
按照本发明,考虑使用这样一种方法,即在第一组流道,即流通待冷却的热介质(如增压空气)的管道的入口处阻止热传导。在入口处被冷却介质的温度是最高的,与流道的其他部位相比在这里会有更少的热量传递给相邻的具有冷却介质(例如空气)的管道。通过这种措施可以减小由不稳定的冷却过程所引起的应力。
按照本发明的一种有利的结构设计,在第一组流道中安装了两种不同的波形翅片,即所谓的内波形翅片,安装在入口处的内翅片应当按下面的方式来设计,即基于一个较小的热交换系数,此翅片会从环境中吸收更少的热量,而该热交换系数可以通过减少翅片密度或者是光滑的表面来到达。此外,在入口处的内波形翅片具有更高的热传导能力和更强的抗弯曲能力。相反的,与入口翅片相连接的波形翅片是一种高效翅片,具有腮状结构和很高的密度,所以吸收的热量最多并传递给相邻的冷却管。这样可以防止冷却管道入口处过热以及由此产生的应力峰值。
按照本发明的另一种有利的结构设计,换热器的芯体是以芯组式构造方式制造出来的:两种气体介质通过的管道是相似的,即都是由平板和纵向型材或封闭板围起来,而内波形翅片和紊流衬垫则安装于流道内。根据这种制造方式,证明所采用的基于此发明的一些措施是非常有利的。
在本发明的结构设计中,在第二组流道中通过气态的冷却介质,例如空气流,在这里应当考虑设计间隙(Dehnfuge),此方法在背景技术中曾提及。该间隙与流过待冷却介质的第一组流道的入口处相邻,并作为一种补偿的方法予以考虑。通过这样的方法,间隙部位波形翅片的横向膨胀可以得到补偿也可以消除应力。该间隙相对于气体流动的纵方向而在横向上的宽度为a,a的取值范围为:0.05L1<a<=L1。
此外,还可以在间隙处以紊流衬垫的形式加装低矮的翅片,以在间隙处产生更大的热交换面积。因此在间隙处两组相邻流道之间的热交换可以有效的进行。
根据本发明的另一个有利的结构设计,应当考虑增加流通待冷却气体(热)的第一组流道入口处的壁强度,这样可以增加其硬度。一个更高的壁强度可以通过在入口处添加一个套筒而得到。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的结构作进一步的描述。
图1为带有两个间隙的空气/空气-冷却器,
图2为由图1中沿直线II-II所得的截面图,
图3为由图2中沿直线III-III所得的截面图,
图4为在间隙处的紊流衬垫,
图5为刻有凹槽的内波形翅片,
图6为光滑的内波形翅片。
具体实施方式
图1展示了一个换热器,即一个由空气冷却的增压空气冷却器1。它可以通过周围的空气来冷却内燃机的增压空气。这个换热器也可用于其他目的,如通过一种气体介质冷却另一种热的气体介质。这个增压空气冷却器1有一个以芯组式结构制成的芯体2。在此芯体上加装了两个汇流箱3,4,并通过焊接的方法将它们紧密连接起来。上汇流箱3,也叫空气箱,有一个入口5,待冷却气体,例如内燃机的增压空气由此进入。下汇流箱4有一个出口6,被冷却了的气体由此从冷却器1中流出。流道7将汇流箱3,4连接起来,而待冷却气体流过流道7。在流道7两侧有挡板8,它们从上汇流箱3延伸到下汇流箱4。待冷却气体(增压空气)沿箭头LL由上向下流过,第二组流道9紧挨着第一组流道7或位于流道7之间。冷却剂,例如周围的空气,从第二组管道中通过。为了使热交换更好的进行,在第二组流道9中加装了波形翅片10,该翅片覆盖流道的整个宽度。冷却气体的流动方向垂直于图示平面。第一种气体和第二种气体因此相互交叉流动。在第二组流道9的纵向两端,即与上汇流箱3和下汇流箱4连接处固定有型材或封闭板。因此第二组流道9分别由两个挡板8和两个封闭板11限定,并具有矩形的横截面,且其中填装波形翅片10。芯体2的两侧是由两个侧板12,13所封闭。增压空气冷却器1的第二组流道,即空气通道9有10个流道,其中的两个(第3个和第8个)显示有间隙14,15,该间隙在纵方向上延伸并具有宽度a。该两个间隙14、15紧邻增压空气管道7的入口7a。在间隙14,15的两侧,在挡板8上装有低矮的翅片16’,17’,即所谓的紊流衬垫。翅片的连接在间隙14,15处被中断,而使两个相对置的挡板8分离开来。
图2显示了图1中的增压空气冷却器1沿直线II-II的截面。在下文中,对相同的部分使用相同的标号。第一组流道7-如上所述-由挡板8包围,顺流动方向在7的狭窄的两侧围有型材或封闭板16。从流道7的横截面处看,其中填装有用以改善热交换的内波形翅片17,而增压空气-对图示平面-由上而下流动。冷却芯体2的所有部分,包括挡板8,波形翅片10,封闭板11,16,内翅片17以及两侧的部分12,13最好用铝合金来制作,并按顺序相互钎焊在一起。然后再把汇流箱3、4焊接在已焊接好的芯体2上。
图3是图2所示冷却器沿直线III-III的截面。此图中对增压空气冷却器1的表示与图1中的是一致的。然而在这里,在通过增压空气的第一组流道7中画出了波形翅片,而且从入口7a处安装了第一组内波形翅片18,他们沿增压空气的流动方向LL伸入长度b。在第一组内波形翅片18之后,沿流动方向安装了第二组内波形翅片19,其长度按流道7的总长度L1的其余部份延伸。与第二组内波形翅片19不同的是,第一组内波形翅片18的热交换能力较弱,这是因为,例如,光滑的表面或者较小的翅片密度而导致较小的热交换系数。第二组内翅片19设计为高效翅片,它们的表面刻有槽缝和腮状凹槽20,以此来提高热量的交换。内翅片18,19的不同设计减少了增压空气流道7的入口7a对周围环境的热交换,使得周围环境温度不会非常明显的上升。流过b这段距离后,增压空气的温度就会降低,之后流入高效翅片19,在这里和相邻的冷却管道9进行最大程度的热交换。
图4放大显示了如图1中间隙14,15处所示的紊流衬垫16’,17’。在此采用了一种众所周知的梯形波纹翅片结构,翅片的侧面带有凹槽。这种结构起到干扰气流的作用,这样就会产生更强的紊流。
图5显示的是所述的高效波形翅片19,它在图3中有表示。在这里看到的是放大的透视图,腮状的凹槽20在这里清晰可见。如果要改变热交换能力,可以通过相应的改变凹槽的数量,凹槽的角度和翅片的密度来实现。
图6表示的是内波形翅片18,参见图3,它安装在增压空气管道7的入口7a处。和图5所示的高效翅片相比,这种内波形翅片的热交换能力较低,热交换系数较小。这主要是由于光滑的表面和较小的翅片密度造成的。
图中标号
1增压空气冷却器 2冷却芯体
3上汇流箱 4下汇流箱
5入口 6出口
7第一组流道 8挡板
9第二组流道 10波形翅片
11封闭板 12侧板
13侧板 14间隙
15间隙 16封闭板
17内波形翅片 18第一组内波形翅片
19第二组内波形翅片 20腮状凹槽
Claims (18)
1.换热器,包括一个芯体(2),该芯体(2)内设有流过待冷却气体介质的第一组流道(7)和流过冷却气体介质的第二组流道(9),两组流道中的流向相互交叉,第一组流道(7)在入口和出口端分别和装在芯体(2)上的汇流箱(3,4)相连接,在第二组流道(9)中装有翅片(10),其特征在于,第一组流道(7)内安装有第一组内波形翅片(18)和第二组内波形翅片(19),在第一组流道(7)的入口(7a)处安装的是第一组内波形翅片(18),该第一组内波形翅片(18)沿待冷却气体介质的流动方向伸入长度为b,该伸入长度b为第一组流道(7)的入口(7a)的深度;在第一组内波形翅片(18)之后,沿流动方向安装了第二组内波形翅片(19);该第一组内波形翅片(18)比第二组内波形翅片(19)的热交换系数低;该第一组流道(7)的长度为L1,其中0.01L1≤b≤0.5L1。
2.按照权利要求1所述的换热器,其特征在于,所述换热器是由空气冷却的空气冷却器。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的换热器,其特征在于,该第一组内波形翅片(18)比第二组内波形翅片(19)的热传导能力高。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的换热器,其特征在于,该第一组内波形翅片(18)的表面光滑,第二组内波形翅片(19)的表面有腮片。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的换热器,其特征在于,该第一组内波形翅片(18)比第二组内波形翅片(19)的翅片密度低。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的换热器,其特征在于,该第一组内波形翅片(18)比第二组内波形翅片(19)的抗弯强度高。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的换热器,其特征在于,该芯体(2)是以芯组式构造方式构成,其第一和第二组流道(7,9)是由挡板(8)和纵向两侧的封闭板(11,16)构成。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的换热器,其特征在于,第二组流道(9)在靠近第一组流道(7)的入口(7a)处至少有部分具有间隙(14、15),该间隙沿该第二组流道(9)的流动纵向延伸。
9.按照权利要求8所述的换热器,其特征在于,该间隙(14,15)相对于气体流动的纵方向而在横向上的宽度为a,a的取值范围为:0.05L1<a<=L1。
10.按照权利要求8所述的换热器,其特征在于,在第二组流道(9)的间隙(14,15)的内侧,装有扁平的翅片元件(16’、17’)。
11.按照权利要求1所述的换热器,其特征在于,在第一组流道(7)的入口(7a)具有增强的管壁强度。
12.按照权利要求7所述的换热器,其特征在于,在第一组流道(7)的入口(7a)具有增强的管壁强度。
13.按照权利要求8所述的换热器,其特征在于,在第一组流道(7)的入口(7a)具有增强的管壁强度。
14.按照权利要求9所述的换热器,其特征在于,在第一组流道(7)的入口(7a)具有增强的管壁强度。
15.按照权利要求10所述的换热器,其特征在于,在第一组流道(7)的入口(7a)具有增强的管壁强度。
16.按照权利要求11或12或13或14或15所述的换热器,其特征在于,在所述入口(7a)处的管壁强度通过嵌入一个套筒来增强。
17.按照权利要求1所述的换热器,其特征在于,0.05L1≤b≤0.3L1。
18.按照权利要求17所述的换热器,其特征在于,0.1L1≤b≤0.2L1。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10313684.3 | 2003-03-26 | ||
DE10313684 | 2003-03-26 | ||
DE10325763 | 2003-06-05 | ||
DE10325763.2 | 2003-06-05 | ||
PCT/EP2004/002802 WO2004085947A1 (de) | 2003-03-26 | 2004-03-18 | Wärmeübertrager, insbesondere luft/luft-kühler |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1764816A CN1764816A (zh) | 2006-04-26 |
CN1764816B true CN1764816B (zh) | 2010-09-29 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2004800081450A Expired - Fee Related CN1764816B (zh) | 2003-03-26 | 2004-03-18 | 换热器,特别是空气/空气冷却器 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7628199B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1611406B1 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101072689B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1764816B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE481613T1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE102004013682A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1611406T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL1611406T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004085947A1 (zh) |
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- 2004-03-18 DE DE502004011659T patent/DE502004011659D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101072689B1 (ko) | 2011-10-11 |
DE102004013682A1 (de) | 2004-12-16 |
CN1764816A (zh) | 2006-04-26 |
US7628199B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 |
PL1611406T3 (pl) | 2011-03-31 |
KR20050119657A (ko) | 2005-12-21 |
WO2004085947A9 (de) | 2004-12-23 |
DE502004011659D1 (de) | 2010-10-28 |
DK1611406T3 (da) | 2011-01-24 |
ATE481613T1 (de) | 2010-10-15 |
EP1611406B1 (de) | 2010-09-15 |
EP1611406A1 (de) | 2006-01-04 |
WO2004085947A1 (de) | 2004-10-07 |
US20060231240A1 (en) | 2006-10-19 |
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