CN1757900B - 用于内燃机的具有空气罐的进气歧管 - Google Patents

用于内燃机的具有空气罐的进气歧管 Download PDF

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CN1757900B
CN1757900B CN2005101133444A CN200510113344A CN1757900B CN 1757900 B CN1757900 B CN 1757900B CN 2005101133444 A CN2005101133444 A CN 2005101133444A CN 200510113344 A CN200510113344 A CN 200510113344A CN 1757900 B CN1757900 B CN 1757900B
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intake manifold
valve
high speed
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cylinder
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克劳斯·彼得·阿培尔特
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10242Devices or means connected to or integrated into air intakes; Air intakes combined with other engine or vehicle parts
    • F02M35/10295Damping means, e.g. tranquillising chamber to dampen air oscillations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B21/00Engines characterised by air-storage chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B27/00Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
    • F02B27/02Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B27/00Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
    • F02B27/02Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
    • F02B27/0205Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the charging effect
    • F02B27/021Resonance charging
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B27/00Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
    • F02B27/02Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
    • F02B27/0226Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the means generating the charging effect
    • F02B27/0247Plenum chambers; Resonance chambers or resonance pipes
    • F02B27/0252Multiple plenum chambers or plenum chambers having inner separation walls, e.g. comprising valves for the same group of cylinders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/08Modifying distribution valve timing for charging purposes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M35/00Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M35/10Air intakes; Induction systems
    • F02M35/10209Fluid connections to the air intake system; their arrangement of pipes, valves or the like
    • F02M35/10236Overpressure or vacuum relief means; Burst protection
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Characterised By The Charging Evacuation (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于具有多个气缸(2)的内燃机(1)的进气歧管(3);对每一气缸(2),该进气歧管(3)具有将进气歧管(3)连接至气缸(2)的相应的进气管(4),并由进气阀(5)调节该相应的进气管(4);而且该进气歧管还具有空气罐(16),该空气罐(16)对每一进气管(4)具有形成空腔(18)的相应的中空体(17),该空腔(18)通过高速补偿阀(19)与进气管(4)连通。

Description

用于内燃机的具有空气罐的进气歧管
技术领域
本发明涉及用于内燃机的进气歧管。
背景技术
众所周知,内燃机包括多个气缸,这些气缸中的每一气缸通过相应的进气阀连接至进气歧管,并通过相应的排气阀连接至排气歧管。该进气歧管通过相应的进气管连接至每一气缸,并通过在关闭位置和全开位置之间可调的节流阀接收新鲜空气(即大约含氧20%的外部空气);而且排气管从排气歧管延伸,并终止在消音器内以将燃烧气体排出到大气中。
这些进气阀的循环打开和关闭阻止进气空气的连续质量流,并在这些进气管内部发生脉动甚至回流。这一不连续的流动削弱气缸的充气(并从而减小发动机转矩),并使该进气歧管遭受机械应力,该机械应力阻碍了制造较轻结构的进气歧管。
DE-3210239-A1描述用于对泵等(特别是摆动式容积泵)的压力管路内的流量波动进行补偿的空气罐;该空气罐具有:流动介质流动通过的管状薄膜、在容纳该管状薄膜的壳体内包围该管状薄膜的贮存流体、在贮存流体中位于该管状薄膜外面的探测阀、以及容纳贮存流体的压力容器。在这一空气罐设计中,该流动介质直线地流动通过该空气罐;而且管状薄膜优选地为双层管以防止流动介质与压力容器的贮存流体接触。
US5826554描述用于为内燃机所用的薄壁空气进气管的减压装置;阀安装在空气进气管的薄壁中的开口内,该阀从流动控制装置向内燃机气缸供应燃烧空气,以释放管内的多余压力。该阀包括连接至空气进气管的一段的接头,在该接头内支撑弹性体的伞形阀件,用于通常覆盖管内的该开口,并用于经受变形,在管内的压力达到预定值时,从而打开该开口并将管的内部连接至环境大气。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种设计用于消除前述缺点的内燃机进气歧管,特别地该进气歧管是廉价的并易于制造。
根据本发明提供用于具有至少一个气缸的内燃机的进气歧管;该进气歧管包括至少一个将进气歧管连接至所述气缸的进气管;而且该进气歧管的特征在于包括空气罐,该空气罐包括至少一个形成空腔的中空体,该空腔通过补偿阀与进气歧管连通。
附图说明
将参考附图以示例的方式描述本发明的非限定性实施例,其中:
图1示出了具有根据本发明的进气歧管的内燃机的示意图;以及
图2和图3示出了图1进气歧管的空气罐的处于两种不同配置中的横截面示意图。
具体实施方式
图1中的附图标记1总体上表示具有四个气缸2(在图1中仅示出一个)的内燃机,每一个气缸2通过由进气阀5调节的相应的进气管4连接至进气歧管3,并通过由排气阀8调节的相应的排气管7连接至排气歧管6。该进气歧管3通过在关闭位置和全开位置之间可调的节流阀9接收新鲜空气(即大约含氧20%的外部空气)。排气管10从排气歧管6延伸,并终止在已知的消音器(未示出)内以将燃烧气体排出到大气中。
在图1所示的第一实施例中,通过相应的喷射器11将燃料(如汽油、柴油、甲烷、液化石油气LPG等)直接喷射到每一气缸2内;在未示出的替换实施例中,喷射器11位于进气管4的内部(间接喷射)。
每一气缸2具有活塞12,该活塞12在气缸2内部循环地上下移动并通过相关的曲柄14机械地连接至曲轴13。
发动机1还包括控制单元15,特别地,该控制单元15在每一循环内控制节流阀9和喷射器11,用以依据发动机1的工作状况和驾驶者的控制向气缸2内注入一些燃料燃烧载体(新鲜空气)混合物。另一方面,进气阀5和排气阀8通过凸轮系统(未示出)机械地连接至曲轴13,并通过曲轴13的旋转而由此致动。
进气歧管3包括空气罐16,该空气罐16对于每一进气管4包括中空体17,该中空体17位于进气歧管3和气缸2之间并形成空腔18,该空腔18通过高速补偿阀19与进气管4连通,该高速补偿阀19位于由进气阀5形成的气缸进气口前面。在未示出的变体中,在进气歧管3与气缸2之间设置单独一个中空体17,而且该中空体17包括四个相互隔离的空腔18(即对每一气缸2存在相关的、隔离的空腔18)。
在替换实施例(未示出)中,空气罐16只包括一个通过四个相应的补偿阀19与四个进气管4连通的中空体17。在未示出的另外的实施例中,空气罐16只包括一个通过单独一个补偿阀19与进气歧管3连通的中空体17。这一结构更加廉价而且更加紧凑,但降低性能。
在所示实施例中,每一补偿阀19由连接至曲轴13的已知凸轮(未示出)提供动力,而且该凸轮可以是为相关的进气阀5提供动力的同一个凸轮,也可以是不同的凸轮。在由虚线示出的替换实施例中,每一补偿阀19由控制单元15所控制的相应的电动执行机构20提供动力;在该情形中,控制单元15还可以连接至多个压力传感器21,每个压力传感器21都容纳在相应进气管4内部,并用于确定该进气管4内部的压力。在没有压力传感器21的情况下,仅基于曲轴13的角位置执行补偿阀19的打开/关闭;在具有压力传感器21的情况下,在曲轴13的角位置和进气管4内部压力值的基础上,执行补偿阀19的打开/关闭。可以由无需执行直接测量就能够估计进气管4内部的压力值的估计单元代替这些压力传感器21。
在实际使用中,进气阀5的循环打开和关闭阻止进气空气的连续质量流,并在进气管4内部引起脉动;进气空气的该脉动在每一进气管4内部引起降压和过压,而且压力的该变化是时间相关的(即依赖于曲轴13的角位置)。
在气缸2的进气冲程中(即打开相关的进气阀5以从进气歧管3将新鲜空气馈入至气缸2内时),关闭相应的补偿阀19(图2);一旦关闭进气阀5而且相关的进气管4内部的压力开始上升,就打开相应的补偿阀19(图3)直到压力达到最大,而且然后立即关闭该相应的补偿阀19以在空腔18内建立过压。在气缸2的下一进气冲程开始时重新打开进气阀5时,打开补偿阀19以支持汽缸2的充气。更具体地,可以在打开进气阀5之前不久就打开补偿阀19,以在进气阀5打开时在进气管4内部产生较小的过压。在通过气缸2的吸气在进气管4内产生降压时,关闭补偿阀19以在空腔18内产生降压;在此时重复以上循环。
以上公开的空气罐16可以用于将不具有进气和排气阀的二冲程发动机或旋转发动机以及对每一气缸具有进气歧管的赛车用发动机包括在内的任何类型的内燃机。
提供空气罐16用于大量减少由进气空气的脉动产生的负作用,并特别地用于改善气缸的充气(并从而增加发动机转矩),并且用于减小进气歧管3上的机械应力。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于具有至少一个气缸(2)的内燃机(1)的进气歧管(3);该进气歧管(3)包括:
至少一个将该进气歧管(3)连接至所述气缸(2)的进气管(4);
空气罐(16),该空气罐(16)包括至少一个形成空腔(18)的中空体(17),该空腔(18)通过高速补偿阀(19)直接与进气歧管(3)连通;以及
基于内燃机(1)的曲轴(13)的角位置而打开/关闭高速补偿阀(19)的凸轮或电动执行机构(20),用以在气缸(2)的每次进气冲程的开始时打开高速补偿阀(19)。
2.根据权利要求1的进气歧管(3),其中所述中空体(17)位于所述进气歧管(3)和所述气缸(2)之间。
3.根据权利要求1的进气歧管(3),其中通过至少一个进气阀(5)调节所述进气管(4),而且所述高速补偿阀(19)位于所述进气阀(5)形成的所述气缸进气口的前面。
4.根据权利要求1的进气歧管(3),其中所述高速补偿阀(19)由凸轮系统致动,该凸轮系统由所述发动机的曲轴(13)提供动力。
5.根据权利要求4的进气歧管(3),其中所述进气管(4)由至少一个进气阀(5)调节,并且所述高速补偿阀(19)由为所述进气阀(5)提供动力的凸轮致动。
6.根据权利要求1的进气歧管(3),其中所述高速补偿阀(19)由控制单元(15)所控制的电动执行机构(20)致动。
7.根据权利要求6的进气歧管(3),其中提供估计装置,该估计装置连接至所述控制单元(15),并且估计所述进气管(4)内部的压力;而且所述控制单元(15)在所述内燃机(1)的曲轴(13)的角位置和所述进气管(4)内部的压力值的基础上控制所述高速补偿阀(19)的打开/关闭。
8.根据权利要求7的进气歧管(3),其中所述估计装置包括位于所述进气管(4)内部的压力传感器(21)。
9.根据权利要求1的进气歧管(3),其中所述发动机(1)包括多个气缸(2),每一气缸(2)通过相关的进气管(4)连接至进气歧管(3);而且所述空气罐(16)只包括一个通过单独一个高速补偿阀(19)与所述进气歧管(3)连通的中空体(17)。
10.根据权利要求1的进气歧管(3),其中所述发动机(1)包括多个气缸(2),每一气缸(2)通过相关的进气管(4)连接至进气歧管(3);而且所述空气罐(16)只包括一个通过相关的高速补偿阀(19)与每一进气管(4)连通的中空体(17)。
11.根据权利要求1的进气歧管(3),其中所述发动机(1)包括多个气缸(2),每一气缸(2)通过相关的进气管(4)连接至进气歧管(3);而且对于每一进气管(4),所述空气罐(16)包括通过相应的高速补偿阀(19)连接至进气管(4)的相关的空腔(18)。
12.根据权利要求11的进气歧管(3),其中所述空气罐(16)包括单独一个中空体(17),该中空体(17)包括多个相互隔离的空腔(18)。
13.根据权利要求1的进气歧管(3),其中所述进气管(4)由至少一个进气阀(5)调节。
14.根据权利要求13的进气歧管(3),其中所述空腔(18)通过所述高速补偿阀(19)直接与所述进气管(4)连通;在所述气缸(2)的进气冲程中,关闭相应的高速补偿阀(19);一旦关闭所述进气阀(5)而且所述相关的进气管(4)内部的压力开始上升时,就打开所述相应的高速补偿阀(19)直到压力达到最大,而且然后立即关闭所述相应的高速补偿阀(19)以在所述空腔(18)内建立过压;在所述气缸(2)的下一进气冲程开始时重新打开所述进气阀(5)时,打开所述高速补偿阀(19)以支持所述气缸(2)的充气;而且在通过所述气缸(2)的吸气在所述进气管(4)内产生降压时,关闭所述高速补偿阀(19)以在所述空腔(18)内产生降压。
15.根据权利要求14的进气歧管(3),其中在打开所述进气阀(5)之前不久打开所述高速补偿阀(19),以在所述进气阀(5)打开时在所述进气管(4)内部产生较小的过压。
CN2005101133444A 2004-09-28 2005-09-28 用于内燃机的具有空气罐的进气歧管 Expired - Fee Related CN1757900B (zh)

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EP1640601A1 (en) 2006-03-29
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ATE350572T1 (de) 2007-01-15
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