CN1757717A - 干燥活性羊膜的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种干燥活性羊膜的制备方法，选用健康胎盘组织，进行灭菌处理，将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成适当大小；再在0.05～0.5％胰蛋白酶和0.01～0.1％EDTA的混合液或0.05～0.5％胰蛋白酶或0.01～0.1％EDTA液中37℃呼育1/2－4小时，用细胞刮子或棉棒脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞；置入冻干机，真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下进行真空包装：最后γ射线照射。本发明脱去了羊膜内的细胞，同时保留了其有效的基质活性成分，可更广泛的用于眼科中羊膜覆盖术、羊膜移植术及羊膜填充、植入术等手术中，且可作为新型的组织工程学材料用以上皮、内皮的培养移植。
Description
所属技术领域
本发明涉及医用羊膜制品，尤其是一种可长期保存的脱细胞干燥活性羊膜的制备方法。
背景技术
羊膜是从细胞滋养层演化而来，是人类两层胎膜的内层，是人体中最厚的基底膜。羊膜自身无血管和神经、淋巴管，其抗原性较低(主要源于其中的细胞成分)。羊膜的应用最早始于1910年，Divis首次把胎膜(羊膜+绒毛膜)用于移植取得成功。而后，羊膜作为烧伤皮肤移植片、人造阴道粘膜鞘等被广泛用于各种手术，直到1995年Kim和Tseng在化学烧伤模形的角膜表面进行羊膜移植，羊膜移植逐渐引起眼科医师的重视。1997年，Ma等从分子生物学角度对羊膜移植的可行性进行了研究，羊膜的作用机制主要为：①基底膜作用，为干细胞提供“肥沃的土壤”，提供光滑面以利于细胞生长；②其中各种蛋白成份能促进上皮分化、增生；③增强蛋白粘附性，促进上皮增生修复；④羊膜含有的蛋白酶抑制蛋白酶而发挥其抑炎作用；⑤羊膜含有抑制细胞因子表达和细胞调亡的成份；⑥可避免炎症细胞因子诱发的角膜基质细胞和胶原纤维的过度增生，从而抑制局部炎症，促进表面愈合而不留瘢痕。
近年来，随着人们对羊膜研究的不断发展，羊膜移植被更广泛应用于治疗眼科疾病。羊膜覆盖术、羊膜移植术、羊膜填充、植入术等提高了包括眼表疾病、青光眼、巩膜病等眼病的治疗成功率。
目前临床上使用的羊膜多为新鲜羊膜或深低温保存羊膜，难以做到随用随取、方便保存。专利公开号为CN1522568A的生物羊膜制品虽然为可常温保存的冻干羊膜，但其未脱去羊膜的细胞，给临床应用带来困难，且不能用作组织工程学材料进行上皮、内皮培养移植。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于：针对上述问题，提供一种可长期保存、随用随取的可更广泛应用于临床的干燥活性羊膜制品的制备方法。
具体的技术方案如下：干燥活性羊膜的制备方法为：选用健康剖宫产产妇的胎盘组织，产前血清学检查按照国家相关标准排除乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)巨细胞病毒、梅毒螺旋体及免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。从剖腹产或顺产无菌接生获得胎盘后即在无菌下操作，作如下灭菌处理：用生理盐水冲洗干净胎盘表面的血迹；用含抗生素的无菌生理盐水浸泡胎盘5～10分钟(抗生素混合液的浓度为含50ug/ml青霉素、50ug/ml链霉素、100ug/ml新霉素和2.5ug/ml二性霉素B)。
将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，用刀片或载玻片侧面尽量刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上(Bio-Tissue公司提供)，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成适当大小。再在0.05～0.5％胰蛋白酶和0.01～0.1％EDTA的混合液或0.05～0.5％胰蛋白酶或0.01～0.1％EDTA液中37℃孵育1/2-4小时，用细胞刮子或棉棒脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞。置入冻干机，真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下行真空包装。最后γ射线照射。每批产品抽样进行菌培养。
以上方法制备的羊膜如竹纸样，半透明，厚度约20微米，复水后抗张力及线切力性能佳，透明性较干燥时增加。
本发明的干燥活性羊膜的制备方法，脱去了羊膜内的细胞，极大降低了羊膜的抗原性，同时保留了其有效的基质活性成分，可更广范的用于眼科中羊膜覆盖术、羊膜移植术、羊膜填充、植入术等手术中，且可作为新型的组织工程学材料用以上皮、内皮的培养移植。冷冻干燥后，使羊膜的保存条件为常温(干燥阴凉处)，有效期可达到一年，做到了随用随取、方便保存。无菌操纵及γ射线照射灭菌克服了新鲜或低温保存羊膜被污染的可能。本发明的羊膜制品与硝酸纤维纸一同冻干保存，使用时剪取方便。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1：
选用健康剖宫产产妇的胎盘组织，产前血清学检查按照国家相关标准排除乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)巨细胞病毒、梅毒螺旋体及免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。从剖腹产或顺产无菌接生获得胎盘后即在无菌下操作，作如下灭菌处理：用生理盐水冲洗干净胎盘表面的血迹；用含抗生素的无菌生理盐水浸泡胎盘5～10分钟(抗生素混合液的浓度为含50ug/ml青霉素、50ug/ml链霉素、100ug/ml新霉素和2.5ug/ml二性霉素B)。
将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，用载玻片侧面尽量刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上(Bio-Tissue公司提供)，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成6cm×2.5cm大小。再在0.02％EDTA液中37℃孵育3小时，用细胞刮子脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞。真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下行真空包装。最后γ射线照射。
实施例2：
选用健康剖宫产产妇的胎盘组织，产前血清学检查按照国家相关标准排除乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)巨细胞病毒、梅毒螺旋体及免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。从剖腹产或顺产无菌接生获得胎盘后即在无菌下操作，作如下灭菌处理：用生理盐水冲洗干净胎盘表面的血迹；用含抗生素的无菌生理盐水浸泡胎盘5～10分钟(抗生素混合液的浓度为含50ug/ml青霉素、50ug/ml链霉素、100ug/ml新霉素和2.5ug/ml二性霉素B)。
将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，用载玻片侧面尽量刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上(Bio-Tissue公司提供)，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成6cm×2.5cm大小。再在0.25％胰蛋白酶液中37℃孵育2小时，用细胞刮子帮助脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞。真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下行真空包装。最后γ射线照射。
实施例3：
选用健康剖宫产产妇的胎盘组织，产前血清学检查按照国家相关标准排除乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)巨细胞病毒、梅毒螺旋体及免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。从剖腹产或顺产无菌接生获得胎盘后即在无菌下操作，作如下灭菌处理：用生理盐水冲洗干净胎盘表面的血迹；用含抗生素的无菌生理盐水浸泡胎盘5～10分钟(抗生素混合液的浓度为含50ug/ml青霉素、50ug/ml链霉素、100ug/ml新霉素和2.5ug/ml二性霉素B)。
将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，用载玻片侧面尽量刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上(Bio-Tissue公司提供)，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成4cm×2.5cm大小。再在0.05％EDTA液中37℃孵育3小时，用细胞刮子帮助脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞。真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下行真空包装。最后γ射线照射。
实施例4：
选用健康剖宫产产妇的胎盘组织，产前血清学检查按照国家相关标准排除乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)巨细胞病毒、梅毒螺旋体及免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。从剖腹产或顺产无菌接生获得胎盘后即在无菌下操作，作如下灭菌处理：用生理盐水冲洗干净胎盘表面的血迹；用含抗生素的无菌生理盐水浸泡胎盘5～10分钟(抗生素混合液的浓度为含50ug/ml青霉素、50ug/ml链霉素、100ug/ml新霉素和2.5ug/ml二性霉素B)。
将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，用载玻片侧面尽量刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上(Bio-Tissue公司提供)，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成6cm×2.5cm大小。再在0.25％胰蛋白酶和0.02％ EDTA混合液中37℃孵育1小时，用细胞刮子帮助脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞。真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下行真空包装。最后γ射线照射。
实施例5：
选用健康剖宫产产妇的胎盘组织，产前血清学检查按照国家相关标准排除乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)巨细胞病毒、梅毒螺旋体及免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。从剖腹产或顺产无菌接生获得胎盘后即在无菌下操作，作如下灭菌处理：用生理盐水冲洗干净胎盘表面的血迹；用含抗生素的无菌生理盐水浸泡胎盘5～10分钟(抗生素混合液的浓度为含50ug/ml青霉素、50ug/ml链霉素、100ug/ml新霉素和2.5ug/ml二性霉素B)。
将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，用载玻片侧面尽量刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上(Bio-Tissue公司提供)，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成6cm×2.5cm大小。再在0.2％胰蛋白酶和0.05％EDTA混合液中37℃孵育1小时，用细胞刮子帮助脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞。真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下行真空包装。最后γ射线照射。
实施例6：
选用健康剖宫产产妇的胎盘组织，产前血清学检查按照国家相关标准排除乙肝病毒(HBV)、丙肝病毒(HCV)巨细胞病毒、梅毒螺旋体及免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染。从剖腹产或顺产无菌接生获得胎盘后即在无菌下操作，作如下灭菌处理：用生理盐水冲洗干净胎盘表面的血迹；用含抗生素的无菌生理盐水浸泡胎盘5～10分钟(抗生素混合液的浓度为含50ug/ml青霉素、50ug/ml链霉素、100ug/ml新霉素和2.5ug/ml二性霉素B)。
将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，用载玻片侧面尽量刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上(Bio-Tissue公司提供)，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成6cm×2.5cm大小。再在0.2％胰蛋白酶液中37℃孵育2.5小时，用细胞刮子帮助脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞。真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下行真空包装。最后γ射线照射。
以上方法制备的羊膜进行免疫组化实验表明在冷冻干燥羊膜中全层存在I型、III型、IV型和V型胶原和纤维粘连素，而VII型胶原和层粘连蛋白-5存在于基底膜侧。与新鲜羊膜中活性成分的位置、数量相近。
选取5只12～14周龄体重在1.5～2.5kg的新西兰大耳白兔(雌雄不限)，15g/L巴比妥钠静注全麻，于角膜缘内3.0mm处切口，做板层口袋，植入上方法制备的羊膜制品于兔角膜基质内，不做缝合，术后红霉素眼膏常规涂术眼。一个月时，裂隙灯观察见植入羊膜相容性良好，透明，未见局部细胞浸润、角膜水肿及新生血管长入；病理学检查可见角膜基质细胞向植入羊膜内长入。证实了该干燥活性羊膜良好的生物相容性。
Claims (1)
1、一种干燥活性羊膜的制备方法，其特征在于选用健康胎盘组织，进行灭菌处理，将羊膜从绒毛膜分离出来，刮去海绵层，然后上皮面朝上平铺并固定于硝酸纤维纸上，然后将有羊膜的纸片剪成适当大小；再在0.05～0.5％胰蛋白酶和0.01～0.1％EDTA的混合液或0.05～0.5％胰蛋白酶或0.01～0.1％EDTA液中37℃孵育1/2-4小时，用细胞刮子或棉棒脱去上皮细胞，反复生理盐水冲洗，显微镜下证实上皮面无细胞；置入冻干机，真空条件下连同硝酸纤维纸冻干，在室温下进行真空包装；最后γ射线照射。
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