CN1735468A - 焚烧飞灰的处理方法及装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
在本发明的焚烧飞灰的处理方法中,从焚烧炉1排出的焚烧飞灰在带式过滤器2上移动的同时进行水洗脱盐,立即进行固液分离。残留在带式过滤器2上的固体物质,成为水分45~60%的飞灰滤饼后供给混炼机6,在混炼至混凝土流度值为20cm以上后,由活塞泵9在配管10内压送到未图示的水泥烧结用的窑。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及由焚烧设备等排出的焚烧飞灰的处理方法及装置,特别涉及把焚烧飞灰用作水泥制造用原料的方法及装置。
背景技术
以前,可燃性的家庭垃圾废弃物及工业废弃物,在废弃物焚烧设施的加煤式焚烧炉、流化床式焚烧炉、熔融式焚烧炉、旋转炉、间歇炉等中焚烧,作为焚烧灰在废弃物最终处理场埋掉处理。焚烧灰中的用集尘机等捕集的飞灰(灰尘),氯浓度高,因重金属类及二氧芑类超标而造成污染,根据日本平成3年的废弃物处理法的修正案,指定特别管理一般废弃物。另一方面,焚烧灰中作为焚烧残渣排出的主灰(炉底灰、炉下灰)的氯浓度、重金属类浓度及二氧芑类浓度,比较起来远远少于飞灰。但是,为了确保废弃物最终处理场的安全性,对于最终处理的焚烧灰中的重金属类的浓度或二氧芑类的含量超过法律规定的规定值的物质,或者在遮断型最终处理场填埋处理,或者在进行熔融、水泥固化、二氧芑类的分解处理后,在管理型最终处理场填埋处理。
可是,由于废弃物焚烧设施产生的焚烧灰,含有作为水泥原料必须的CaO、SiO2、Al2O3及Fe2O3等,所以作为水泥烧结用的原料可以充分地进行再资源化。加之,在水泥烧结工序中,由于原料暴露在1400℃以上的高温下,所以除了焚烧灰中的二氧芑可能分解而外,重金属类也可以被摄取到水泥熟矿物中而固定化。
由于这些理由,近年来,用焚烧灰作为一部分原料的水泥制造技术正被确立,焚烧主灰及焚烧飞灰在水泥上逐渐被再资源化。通常,焚烧主灰由磁力分选去除铁成分,由过滤网只去除异物来形成水泥原料。另一方面,在焚烧飞灰中含有高浓度的NaCl等形式的氯,在由水洗处理去除氯成分后进行水泥原料化,以使之对窑的稳定作业及水泥的品质无不良影响。
如上所述,特别是焚烧飞灰往往含有较多的二氧芑类等有害物质,但在水泥制造设施的配置上,焚烧飞灰的水洗处理设备和水泥烧结设备,在很多场合不得不配置在相互分离的场所,所以在各个设备之间用载重汽车等输送。从而,迫切希望避免由输送途中焚烧飞灰飞散引起的对周边环境的二次污染的方法。
发明内容
本发明是用于解决这种问题的发明,其目的在于提供防止对周边环境的二次污染的同时可以把焚烧飞灰用作水泥原料的焚烧飞灰的处理方法及装置。
本发明者,研究了飞灰滤饼的物理性状,通过用密闭型的泵在配管内直接压送含有水分的滤饼,设计了没有二次污染危险的处理方法。在从加煤式焚烧炉等焚烧设备排出的飞灰中,通常含有平均粒径30μm左右的细的颗粒和平均粒径500μm左右的粗的颗粒。为了把该飞灰做成淤浆进行输送,如果添加适当的水分并在配管内压送,就存在在配管中粗的颗粒沉降分离并引起配管堵塞的危险。
因此,在本发明中,通过在调整了水洗脱盐后的飞灰滤饼的水分量的状态下提高飞灰滤饼的流动性,在防止了粗的颗粒沉降分离后向配管内压送。
本发明的焚烧飞灰的处理方法,是对焚烧设施中排出的焚烧飞灰进行水洗脱盐,把脱盐后的飞灰滤饼调整到水分45~60%,在混凝土流度值为20cm以上后由密闭型的泵把飞灰滤饼压送到配管内的方法。
再有,调整到水分45~60%的飞灰滤饼,通过混炼,或者通过在箱内搅拌储藏,可以把混凝土流度值做成20cm以上。
另外,也可以在把飞灰滤饼的水分调整到45~60%时添加增粘剂。
可以由密闭型的泵经配管把飞灰滤饼压送给水泥烧结用的窑。
另外,本发明的焚烧飞灰的处理装置,是备有对焚烧设施中排出的焚烧飞灰水洗脱盐并形成水分45~60%的飞灰滤饼的水洗装置、调整用前述水洗装置形成的飞灰滤饼的流动性、使混凝土流度值达到20cm以上的流动性调整装置,把用前述流动性调整装置调整了流动性的飞灰滤饼压送到配管内的密闭型的泵的处理装置。
再有,作为流动性调整装置,可以使用混炼飞灰滤饼的混炼机或者搅拌储藏飞灰滤饼的箱。
另外,作为水洗装置,可以使用带式过滤器、压滤器、离心分离机、转筒式过滤器等固液分离装置。
附图说明
图1是概略地表示本发明的实施方式的焚烧飞灰的处理方法的流程的流程图。
图2是概略地表示另一个实施方式的焚烧飞灰的处理方法的流程的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面根据附图说明本发明的实施方式。
图1概略地表示本发明的实施方式的焚烧飞灰的处理方法的流程。配置用于固液分离从废弃物焚烧设施的焚烧炉1排出并成为泥浆的焚烧飞灰的带式过滤器2,在带式过滤器2的正上方配置用于喷水的喷射喷嘴3。在带式过滤器2的集水盘4上连接净化处理固液分离后的水的水处理装置5。另外,在带式过滤器2的出口端配置混炼机6,在混炼机6上经配管7及管泵8连接密闭型的活塞泵9。再在活塞泵9上经配管10连接未图示的水泥烧结用的窑。
从焚烧炉1排出的焚烧飞灰,用未图示的溶解槽在温水中形成泥浆并供给带式过滤器2,从上方的喷射喷嘴3喷水,同时从下方真空吸引水分,并在带式过滤器2上向出口侧移动。也就是说,焚烧飞灰边在带式过滤器2上移动边水洗脱盐,立即进行固液分离。溶解固液分离后的氯成分的水,收集在带式过滤器2的集水盘4内,再送往水处理装置5,在此对重金属类进行适当的净化处理后再排水。
另一方面,去除氯成分后残留在带式过滤器2上的固体物质,成为含有水分的飞灰滤饼,被从带式过滤器2上排除。这时,调整带式过滤器2的输送速度、吸引的真空度、来自喷射喷嘴3的喷水的流量等,以使飞灰滤饼的水分为45~60%。在飞灰中平均粒径500μm左右的粗颗粒的含量多的场合,可以向从带式过滤器2中排出的飞灰滤饼中加水,使水分占45~60%。
这样一来,调整到水分45~60%的飞灰滤饼,被供给混炼机6,混炼到混凝土流度值为20cm以上。这里,混凝土的流度值为由依据日本工业标准JIS A1101“混凝土的坍落试验方法”的试验测定的值。作为混炼机6,最好采用混合机或双轴式搅拌机等混炼度高的机器。
在搅拌机6中调整了流动性的飞灰滤饼,由管泵8在配管7内送往活塞泵9,再由活塞泵9在配管10内压送到未图示的水泥烧结用的窑。由此,飞灰滤饼被稳定地供给窑,进行水泥的制造。
再有,当在带式过滤器2中形成水分45~60%的飞灰滤饼时,如果在飞灰中添加增粘剂,可以有效地防止平均粒径500μm左右的粗颗粒从飞灰中分离。增粘剂,通常使用水泥浆(水泥液注入)用的、水中不分离性混凝土用的、高流动混凝土用的等,具体地讲,可以使用(1)甲基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素等纤维素类,(2)聚丙烯酰胺、聚丙烯酸钠等丙烯酸类,(3)聚乙烯醇等水溶液性聚合物,(4)热凝胶、文莱胶等多糖类。另外,高炉炉渣微粉末、飞灰微粉末、石灰石微粉末等无机类微粉末也可以作为增粘剂使用。
另外,也可以使用压滤器等代替带式过滤器2进行固液分离。
作为压送飞灰滤饼的密闭型泵,除了活塞泵9而外,也可以使用管式、辊式或隔膜式的泵等。
再有,管泵8是用于从混炼机6向活塞泵9送入飞灰滤饼的泵,根据混炼机6和活塞泵9的位置关系,可以省略管泵8,只用活塞泵9从混炼机6向窑压送飞灰滤饼。
如图2所示,也可以通过把箱11配置在带式过滤器2的出口端代替混炼机6,通过在箱11内搅拌储藏水分调整到45~60%的飞灰滤饼,使调整飞灰滤饼的流动性至混凝土流度值为20cm以上变成可能。
如上所述,根据本发明,可以防止对周围环境的二次污染,同时向配管内压送焚烧飞灰,用作水泥原料。由于把飞灰滤饼调整到水分45~60%,混凝土流度值达20cm以上后压送飞灰滤饼,所以可以防止配管堵塞,同时可以把由于不必要地添加大量水分引起的能量损失抑制到最小限度内。
Claims (9)
1.一种焚烧飞灰的处理方法,其特征在于,
对从焚烧设施中排出的焚烧飞灰进行水洗脱盐,
把脱盐后的飞灰滤饼调整到水分45~60%,
在混凝土流度值达到20cm以上后由密闭型的泵把飞灰滤饼压送到配管内。
2.如权利要求1所述的焚烧飞灰的处理方法,其特征在于,通过混炼水分调整到45~60%的飞灰滤饼,使混凝土流度值达到20cm以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的焚烧飞灰的处理方法,通过在箱内搅拌储藏水分调整到45~60%的飞灰滤饼,使混凝土流度值达到20cm以上。
4.如权利要求1所述的焚烧飞灰的处理方法,其特征在于,在把飞灰滤饼的水分调整到45~60%时添加增粘剂。
5.如权利要求1所述的焚烧飞灰的处理方法,其特征在于,用密闭型的泵经配管把飞灰滤饼压送给水泥烧结用的窑。
6.一种焚烧飞灰的处理装置,其特征在于,具有:
水洗脱盐焚烧设施中排出的焚烧飞灰并形成水分45~60%的飞灰滤饼的水洗装置;
调整由前述水洗装置形成的飞灰滤饼的流动性,使混凝土流度值达到20cm以上的流动性调整装置;
把用前述流动性调整装置调整了流动性的飞灰滤饼压送到配管内的密闭型的泵。
7.如权利要求6所述的焚烧飞灰的处理装置,其特征在于,前述流动性调整装置是混炼飞灰滤饼的混炼机。
8.如权利要求6所述的焚烧飞灰的处理装置,其特征在于,前述流动性调整装置是搅拌储藏飞灰滤饼的箱。
9.如权利要求6所述的焚烧飞灰的处理装置,其特征在于,前述水洗装置包含带式过滤器、压滤器、离心分离机及转筒式过滤器之中的任意一种。
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CN101073895B (zh) * | 2006-05-16 | 2011-08-31 | 重庆大学 | 垃圾焚烧飞灰成型方法 |
CN102762317A (zh) * | 2010-02-16 | 2012-10-31 | 太平洋水泥株式会社 | 焚烧灰和水泥窑燃烧气体抽气粉尘的水洗方法及水洗系统 |
US8584864B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2013-11-19 | Coldcrete, Inc. | Eliminating screens using a perforated wet belt and system and method for cement cooling |
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-
2003
- 2003-09-10 WO PCT/JP2003/011581 patent/WO2005025768A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2003-09-10 JP JP2005508911A patent/JP4532411B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-10 CN CNA038258749A patent/CN1735468A/zh active Pending
- 2003-09-10 AU AU2003264404A patent/AU2003264404A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-10 KR KR20057013681A patent/KR101026663B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-16 TW TW92125501A patent/TWI257330B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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TW200512049A (en) | 2005-04-01 |
KR20060064557A (ko) | 2006-06-13 |
TWI257330B (en) | 2006-07-01 |
JPWO2005025768A1 (ja) | 2006-11-16 |
KR101026663B1 (ko) | 2011-04-04 |
AU2003264404A1 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
JP4532411B2 (ja) | 2010-08-25 |
WO2005025768A1 (ja) | 2005-03-24 |
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