CN1726243A - 9-芳基和双芳基取代的聚芴 - Google Patents
9-芳基和双芳基取代的聚芴 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1726243A CN1726243A CNA2003801057632A CN200380105763A CN1726243A CN 1726243 A CN1726243 A CN 1726243A CN A2003801057632 A CNA2003801057632 A CN A2003801057632A CN 200380105763 A CN200380105763 A CN 200380105763A CN 1726243 A CN1726243 A CN 1726243A
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- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 125000006575 electron-withdrawing group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
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- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 6
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 5
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005619 boric acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrogenborate Chemical group OB(O)[O-] URSLCTBXQMKCFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 25
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
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- RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[carboxymethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]ethyl-[[3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-4-yl]methyl]amino]acetic acid Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CN(CCN(CC(O)=O)CC=2C(=C(C)N=CC=2CO)O)CC(O)=O)=C1O RICKKZXCGCSLIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 3
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PZWLRLIAVLSBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioctyl-9h-fluorene Chemical group C1=CC=C2C3=CC=C(CCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCC)=C3CC2=C1 PZWLRLIAVLSBQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYRHXPKUOMYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9h-fluorene Chemical class C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=C1CC1=CC=CC=C21 CWYRHXPKUOMYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZNBLSJQZFYSPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octyl-9h-fluorene Chemical class C1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=C1C(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C2 BZNBLSJQZFYSPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004800 4-bromophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Br 0.000 description 1
- 125000000339 4-pyridyl group Chemical group N1=C([H])C([H])=C([*])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004608 ZINDO calculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVZISJTYELEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypodiphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)P(O)(O)=O TVZISJTYELEYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002560 nitrile group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种包含任选地经取代的以式(I)表示的第一重复单元的聚合物:式中Ar选自(a)经至少一个吸电子基团取代的芳烃或(b)吸电子杂芳基。该聚合物可用于场致发光器件中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体聚合物、半导体聚合物的合成及其在光学器件中的应用。
背景技术
电化学活性聚合物常用于诸如WO 90/13148中公开的聚合物发光二极管(“PLED”)、WO 90/16449中公开的光电器件以及US 5523555中公开的光检测器等的许多种光学器件中。
通常的PLED包括在阳极与阴极之间置有一层有机场致发光层。在运作时,空穴经阳极注入到器件中,电子经阴极注入到器件中。空穴进入场致发光聚合物的最高占据分子轨道(“HOMO”),而电子进入最低未占据分子轨道(“LUMO”),然后复合成经辐射衰变而发光的激子。从场致发光聚合物发射的光颜色决定于HOMO-LUMO的带隙。
电子传递材料通常用来帮助电子从阴极传递到场致发光聚合物的LUMO,从而提高器件的效率。适用的电子传递材料是那些LUMO能极处于场致发光聚合物的LUMO能级与阴极逸出功之间的物质。同样,通常采用的空穴传递材料是那些HOMO能级处于阳极逸出功与发射材料的HOMO能级之间的物质。例如,WO 99/48160公开了一种空穴传递聚合物、电子传递聚合物和场致发光聚合物的共混物。另一方面,如WO00/55927所述,可通过嵌段共聚物的不同嵌段来获得电子的传递功能和发射功能。
PLED领域的研究焦点已集中于对全色显示器件的研制,因而需要研制发射红光、绿光和蓝光的场致发光聚合物,例如参见SyntheticMatals 111-112(2000),125-128。为此,根据PAL标准1931 CIE参数的规定,已发表了大量关于发射红、绿和蓝光的三种颜色中每种色光的场致发光聚合物的研制报告。
发射蓝光的场致发光聚合物所面临的困难是它们的使用寿命(在一定电流下,从指定的起始亮度至减半时所经历的时间)往往较相应的发射红光或绿光的物质的使用寿命短。已提出了关于发射蓝光材料衰减较快的因素之一是该材料的LUMO能级并由此引起的电子注入LUMO后的荷电状态的能级往往没有相应的发射红光或绿光的材料深。因此,可能是由于这些具体较低的电子亲合力的材料的电化学稳定性较低,从而更易于衰减。
为简使起见,对于所有发射三种色光的场致发光材料来说,全色显示器会优选配置相同的阴极材料,但这样做会产生另一个问题:由于通常发射蓝光的场致发光聚合物的LOMO与阴极的逸出功之间的能带宽度大于通常发射红光或绿光的场致发光聚合物的LUMO-与阴极逸出功之间的能带宽度,因而可能会导致器件的效率下降。
显然,希望有一种有助于使电子注入到发射蓝光的场致发光聚合物的电子传递材料,然而电子传递材料的选择会受发射材料的最小带隙的限制。这一限制尤其会影响到采用发射蓝光的场致发光聚合物的情况,因为发射蓝光所需带隙在发射红光、绿光和蓝光的带隙中是最大的。
芴重复单元的链如包含二烷基芴重复单元的均聚物或嵌段共聚物可用作电子传递材料。除了电子传递性质外,聚芴还具有可熔于常规有机溶剂和优良的成膜性的优点。此外,芴单体还适合于Yamamoto聚合或Suzuki聚合,这种聚合作用能高度地对所得聚合物的区域规整度进行控制。
聚芴基聚合物的一个实例是在WO 00/55927中公开的以式(a)表示的发射蓝光的场致发光聚合物:
式中w+x+y=1,w≥0.5,0≤x+y≤0.5和n≥2。在该聚合物中,二辛基芴链以F8表示,起电子传递材料的作用,三苯基胺以TFB表示,起空穴传递材料的作用,双(二苯基氨基)苯衍生物以PFB表示,起发射材料的作用。
WO 94/29883公开了吸电子基团,特别是腈基团作为场致发光聚合物的取代基在降低高逸出功电极与场致发光聚合物之间的电子注入势方面的用途。该专利只介绍了这类取代基在聚(亚芳基1,2-亚乙烯基)上的用途。
J.Poly.Sci.part A:Polym.Chem.Vol.39(2001)公开了一种以式(b)为重复单元的聚合物:
该公开内容介绍了氟化的侧链具有降低链间相互作用的用途,据报导,这种链间相互作用会引起聚芴发生聚集,但该文并没有论及这类缺电子取代基能提高电子亲合力的用途。据报导,该聚合物无光致发光作用。
已公开了其中苯基基团带有取代基的二苯基芴,然而这些取代基以Hammettσ常数量度是呈给电子的。例如,WO 00/22026公开的一种包含式(c)重复单元的均聚物:
该文还公开了式(c)与二烷基芴重复单元、三芳胺重复单元的共聚物。介绍了芴9位上的不对称取代基可用来避免聚合物发生聚集,但该文没有论及芴9位取代基可用来提高芴主链的电子注入。同样,WO99/20675公开了9,9-二正辛基芴与9,9-二(4-甲氧苯基)芴的1∶1共聚物,WO 01/62822公开了包含三芳胺9-取代基的聚芴。
JP10095972公开了以式(e)表示的分子:
该文公开了一类称为“小分子”而不是如前所述的聚合物的发射材料。这类分子是与另外的电子传递分子一起使用的。该文没有论及苯基环上氟取代基具有提高芴环电子亲合力的作用,氟取代基只是文中所述的苯基环上许多可能的取代基之一。
本发明的目的是提供一种具有高电子亲合力的、能作为发射蓝光的场致发光材料的电子传递材料的材料。根据上述说明,这类材料也应能作为发射红光、绿光的场致发光材料的电子传递材料。此外,由于这类材料具有大的HOMO-LUMO带隙,因而也可用作发射蓝光的场致发光材料。
发明内容
本发明者已确信,可通过提高已知聚芴的电子亲合力来增加电子注入并从而提高PLED的性能。
因此,本发明的第一方面提供了一种包含任选地经取代的以式(I)表示的第一重复单元的聚合物:
式中Ar选自:
(a)经至少一个吸电子基团取代的芳烃,或
(b)吸电子杂芳基。
优选的是该聚合物包含以式(II)表示的重复单元:
式中每个Ar各自选自:
(a)经至少一个吸电子基团取代的芳烃,或
(b)吸电子杂芳基。
根据(a)优选的Ar基团是独立地选自以式(III)表示的单元:
式中n为1-3,R1-R5分别选自:
氢;
选自烷基、烷氧基、芳基烷基和杂芳基烷基的增溶基;以及
吸电子基团
以便R1-R5中至少一个R为吸电子基团。最优选为n=1,即Ar是苯基。
根据(a)的另一组优选的Ar基团是稠合的芳烃如萘和蒽。
优选的是,吸电子基团选自:含氟、氰基、硝基、羧基、酰胺、酮、膦酰基、膦酸酯、砜和酯的基团。更优选的是至少一个吸电子基团选自氟原子、氟代烷基、氟代芳工和氟代杂芳基。
根据(b)优选的吸电子杂芳基是任选地经取代的含氮杂芳基。特别是任选地经取代的吡啶,更特别是吡啶-4-基、吡嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、三嗪,最特别地是1,3,5-三嗪-2-基和噁二唑。吸电子杂芳基可经如上所述的吸电子基团取代,以进一步提高吸电子效应。
优选的是,根据本发明的聚合物包含第二重复单元。更优选的是该第二重复单元选自三芳基胺和杂芳烃。
优选的是,根据本发明的聚合物是能传递电子的。此外,聚合物还优选具有至少一个能传递空穴和/或发射空穴的链段。同一链段可提供空穴、电子的传递和发射的两种或多种功能。尤其是单一链段既可起电子传递器的作用,又可起发射器的作用。
本发明的第二方面提供了一种光学器件,优选为包含如上所述的聚合物的场致发光器件。
在第二方面的一个实施方案中提供了一种场致发光器件,该场致发光器件包含:
注入第一类型电荷载流子的第一电极;
注入第二类型电荷载流子的第二电极;以及
置在第一电极与第二电极之间的包含根据本发明第一方面的聚合物的发射层。
发射层内的发射材料可以是根据本发明第一方面的聚合物或是别的材料,优选为另一种聚合物与根据本发明第一方面的聚合物的共混物。优选的是,根据本发明第一方面的聚合物是能在该器件中传递电子的。
本发明的第三方面提供了一种包含任选地经取代的式(IV)化合物的单体:
式中每个P各自代表可聚合的基团,Ar的定义同上。
优选的是,该单体包含任选地经取代的式(V)化合物:
优选的是,每个P各自选自活性硼衍生物基团和活性卤化物基团,其中硼衍生物基团选目硼酸基团、硼酸酯基团和硼烷基团。
本发明的第四方面提供了一种制备聚合物的方法,该方法包括使如上所述的第一单体与可以是与第一单体相同或不相同的第二单体在能使单体聚合的条件下进行反应的步骤。
优选的是,该方法包括使下列一种反应混合物聚合:
(a)根据本发明第三方面的单体,其中每个P是选自硼酸基团、硼酸酯基团和硼烷基团的硼衍生物官能基团,与具有至少两个活性卤化物官能基团的芳族单体;或
(b)根据本发明的第三方面的单体,其中每个P是活性卤化物官能基团,与具有至少两个选自硼酸基团、硼酸酯基团和硼烷基团的硼衍生物官能基团的芳族单体;或
(c)根据本发明第三方面的单体,其中一个P是活性卤化物官能基团,一个P是选自硼酸基团、硼酸酯基团和硼烷基团的硼衍生物官能基团,
其中反应混合物包含催化量的适用于催化芳族单体聚合的催化剂和足量的以使硼衍生物官能基团转变为硼酸根阴离子基团的碱。
本发明者已发现,根据本发明的聚合物可用作发射红光、绿光或蓝光的场致发光聚合物的电子传递材料而不会对器件的性能产生不利的影响,如已发现的包含了9-取代基为脂族吸电子基(如全氟烷基)的体系。
具体实施方式
采用根据本发明单体制备的聚合物可以是均聚物或共聚物。技术熟练人员会很清楚地知道各种可与本发明单体进行聚合的共聚单体。共聚单体的实例包括公开在例如WO99/54385中的三芳基胺和公开在例如WO00/46321与WO00/55927中的杂芳基单元。
对这类共聚物来说,特别优选的三芳基胺重复单元包括以式1-6表示的单元:
X和Y可以是相同或不相同的取代基基团。A、B、C和D可以是相同或不相同的取代基基团。X、Y、A、B、C和D中的一个或多个基团各自选自烷基、芳基、全氟烷基、硫代烷基、氰基、烷氧基、杂芳基、烷基芳基以及芳基烷基基团是优选的。X、Y、A、B、C和D中的一个或多个基团也可以是氢。X、Y、A、B、C和D中的一个或多个各自为未取代的异丁基基团、正烷基、正烷氧基或三氟甲基基团是优选的,因为这些基团适当有助于对HOMO能级的选择和/或对聚合物的溶解性的改善。
对这类共聚物来说,特别优选的杂芳基重复单元包括以式7-21表示的单元:
式中R6和R7是相同或不相同的,且各自为取代基基团。优选的是,R6和R7中的一个或两者可选自氢、烷基、芳基、全氟烷基、硫代烷基、氰基、烷氧基、杂芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基。基于与上述讨论X、Y、A、B、C和D的相同理由,这些基团是优选的。优选的是,为了便于制造,R6和R7最好是相同的。更优选的是,它们是相同的并都是苯基基团。
技术熟练人员会很清楚地知道各种根据本发明适用于式(I)单体和重复单元的吸电子基团/杂芳基。尤其是那些具有正Hammettσ常数的取代基/杂芳基都可能是适用的。吸电子基团/杂芳基应优先选自那些不会由于例如空间位阻而妨碍单体聚合的基团。
根据(a)或(b)的吸电子基团Ar可以是增溶基。特别优选的增溶基是任选地经取代基、支化的或线形C1-20烷基或烷氧基,优选为C4-10烷基。
根据本发明的聚合物可以是均聚物或共聚物。对于共聚物来说,可以是1∶1共聚物、无规或嵌段共聚物。根据本发明的嵌段共聚物可包含至少两个选自下述的区域:
空穴传递区域
电子传递区域
发射区域。
如WO00/55927或US6363083中所述,可通过不同部分的区域来提供电荷的传递和发射的功能,这对技术熟练人员来说会是显而易见的。
根据本发明单体聚合的优选方法是如WO00/53656中所述的Suzuki聚合和在如Yamamoto“Electrically Conducting AndThermally Stableπ-Conjugeted Poly(arylene)s Prepared byOrganometallic Processes”,Progress in Polymer Scienee 1993,17,1153-1205中所述的Yamamoto聚合。
实施例
单体实施例
根据本发明的单体可按下述流程制备:
模拟实施例
在9,9-二苯基芴重复单元的苯基环上所带有的各种不同基团对其HOMO和LUMO能级的影响是通过采用(1)AMPAC软件包的AM1和(2)Gaussian软件包的ZINDO计算软件而算得的。
1)AM1(Ampac程序包)
Ampac 5.0用户手册,1994 Semichem,7128 Summit,Shawnee,KS66216
2)ZINDO(Gaussia软件):
Gaussian 98,A9版,
M.J.Frisch,G.W.Trueks,H.B.Schlegel,G.E.Scuseria,
M.A.Robb,J.R.Cheeseman,V.G.Zakrzewski,J.A.Montgomery,Jr.,
R.E.Stratmann,J.C.Burant,S.Dapprich,J.M.Millam,
A.D.Daniels,K.N.Kudin,M.C.Strain,O.Farkas,J.Tomasi,
V.Barone,M.Cossi,R.Cammi,B.Mennucci,C.Pomelli,C.Adamo,
S.Clifford,J.Ochterski,G.A.Petersson,P.Y.Ayala,Q.Cui,
K.Morokuma,D.K.Malick,A.D.Rabuck,K.Raghavachari,
J.B.Foresman,J.Cioslowski,J.V.Ortiz,A.G.Baboul,
B.B.Stefanov,G.Liu,A,Liashenko,P.Piskorz,I.Komaromi,
R.Gomperts,R.L.Martin,D.J.Fox,T.Keith,M,A,Al-Laham,
C.Y.Peng,A.Nanayakkara,M.Challacombe,P.M.W.Gill,
B.Johnson,W.Chen,M.W.Wong,J.L.Andres,C.Gonzalez,
M.Head-Gordon,E.S.Replogle以及J.A.Pople,
Gaussian,Inc.,Pittsburghy PA,1998。
结果汇于下表中
从这些实施例结果可以看到,以苯基置换辛基对LUMO能级的影响较小,只有以吸电子基团如氟或全氟烷基作为取代基时LUMO能级产生了大的改变。与未取代的二苯基芴相比较,可以看到,在对位上烷氧基取代基团如先有技术所述,不显示任何吸电子特性。这一结果与已知的这类取代基的吸电子性质相符合。特别是它们具有负的Hammettσ常数。
聚合物实施例
根据本发明式P1表示的聚合物可通过按WO00/53656中所述的Suzuki聚合方法,使下述单体以下表所列的比率进行反应来制备:
2,7-二草酸(dioxala)硼烷-9,9-二(正辛基)芴
2,7-二草酸硼烷-9,9-二(4-三氟甲基苯基)芴
N,N-二(4-溴苯基)-N-(4-仲丁基苯基)胺(为产生“TFB”重复单元,如下所示)
二[N-(4-溴苯基)-N-(4-正丁基苯基)]-亚苯基-1,4-二胺(为产生“PFB”重复单元,如下所示)
式中w+x+y+z=1,w+z≥0.5,0≤x+y≤0.5,z>0和n≥2
具体的实施方案如下
实施例 | w | x | y | z |
1 | 50 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
2 | 50 | 0 | 10 | 40 |
3 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 50 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
5 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 |
当聚合物含TFB和PFB如实施例1时,该聚合物如WO 00/55927所示,可用为发射蓝光的场致发光材料。
当聚合物含有TFB而不含PFB时,该聚合物可以是具有空穴与电子传递链段的嵌段共聚物(实施例2)或是1∶1区域规整的空穴传递共聚物(实施例3),也可呈现发射蓝光的场致发光性。
当聚合物中TFB和PFB都不存在时,该聚合物可用作发射红光、绿光或蓝光的场致发光材料的电子传递聚合物(实施例4和5)。
器件实施例
根据本发明的器件是按下述步骤制造的:
1)使聚(亚乙二氧基噻吩)/聚苯乙烯磺酸盐(PEDT/PSS)(购自Bayer,如Baytron P)通过旋涂而淀积在载持在玻璃基体(购自Applied Films,Colorado,USA)上的氧化铟锡阳极上面,
2)使浓度为2%重量/体积的聚合物P1二甲苯溶液通过旋涂而淀积在PEDT/PSS上面,以及
3)通过蒸发将包括钙第一层和铝第二层的阴极淀积在聚合物P1上。
虽然通过具体的实施方案已对本发明作了说明,但在不违背下述权利要求书所规定的本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还可以有各种变体、变化和/或各种特征的组合形式,这对技术熟练人员来说是不言而喻的。
Claims (18)
1.一种聚合物,包含任选地经取代的以式(I)表示的第一重复单元
式中Ar选自:
(a)经至少一个吸电子基团取代的芳族烃或
(b)吸电子杂芳基。
2.根据权利要求1的聚合物,包含以式(II)表示的重复单元:
式中每个Ar各自选自:
(c)经至少一个吸电子基团取代的芳族烃,或
(d)吸电子杂芳基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的聚合物,其中每个Ar各自选自以式(III)表示的单元:
式中n为1-3,R1-R5各自选自:
氢;
选自烷基、烷氧基、芳基烷基和杂芳基烷基的增溶基;以及
吸电子基团
以使R1-R5至少一个为吸电子基团。
4.根据前述任一项权利要求的聚合物,其中Ar是经至少一个吸电子基团取代的苯基或低聚苯基,该至少一个吸电子基团选自:含氟、氰基或硝基的基团。
5.根据权利要求4的聚合物,其中至少一个吸电子基团选自氟原子、氟代烷基、氟代芳基和氟代杂芳基。
6.根据权利要求1或2的聚合物,其中Ar是选自任选地经取代的吡啶和三嗪的吸电子杂芳基团。
7.根据前述任一项权利要求的聚合物,包含第二重复单元。
8.根据权利要求7的聚合物,其中第二重复单元选自三芳基胺和杂芳族化合物。
9.根据前述任一项权利要求的聚合物,能够传递电子。
10.根据权利要求9的聚合物,包含至少一种能传递和/或发射空穴的链段。
11.一种包含根据权利要求1-10中任一项聚合物的光学器件。
12.根据权利要求11的光学器件,是一种场致发光器件。
13.一种场致发光器件,该器件包含:
注入第一类型电荷载流子的第一电极;
注入第二类型电荷载流子的第二电极;以及
置在第一电极与第二电极之间的包含根据权利要求1-8任一项聚合物的发射层。
14.一种单体,包含任选地经取代的式(IV)化合物:
式中每个P各自代表可聚合基团,Ar的定义与权利要求1-6任一项的规定相同。
15.根据权利要求14的单体,包含任选地经取代的式(V)化合物:
式中每个P各自代表可聚合基团。
16.根据权利要求14或15的单体,其中每个P各自是选自硼酸基团、硼酸酯基团和硼烷基团的活性硼衍生物基团以及活性卤化物基团。
17.一种制备聚合物的方法,该方法包括使权利要求14-16中任一项规定的第一单体与可与第一单体相同或不相同的第二单体在一定条件下进行反应以使单体聚合的步骤。
18.根据权利要求17的制备聚合物的方法,该方法包括使下列反应混合物聚合:
(a)根据权利要求16的单体,其中每个P是选自硼酸基团、硼酸酯基团和硼烷基团的硼衍生物官能基,与具有至少两个活性卤化物官能基团的芳族单体;或
(b)根据权利要求16的单体,其中每个P是活性卤化物官能基团,与具有至少两个选自硼酸基团、硼酸酯基团及硼烷基团的硼衍生物官能基团的芳族单体;或
(c)根据权利要求16的单体,其中一个P是活性卤化物官能基团,一个P是选自硼酸基团、硼酸酯基团和硼烷基团的硼衍生物官能基团,
其中反应混合物包含催化量的适用于催化芳族单体聚合的催化剂和足量的以使硼衍生物官能基团转变为硼酸根阴离子基团的碱。
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- 2003-11-04 CN CNA2003801057632A patent/CN1726243A/zh active Pending
- 2003-11-04 AT AT03778486T patent/ATE554121T1/de active
- 2003-11-04 EP EP10184752A patent/EP2363423A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-04 WO PCT/GB2003/004753 patent/WO2004041902A2/en active IP Right Grant
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CN102725325A (zh) * | 2010-01-28 | 2012-10-10 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及使用其而得到的发光元件 |
CN102725325B (zh) * | 2010-01-28 | 2015-05-06 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子化合物及使用其而得到的发光元件 |
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CN103154076B (zh) * | 2010-09-02 | 2016-08-17 | 剑桥显示技术有限公司 | 电致发光器件 |
CN103827163A (zh) * | 2011-09-30 | 2014-05-28 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 具有芴结构的树脂及光刻用下层膜形成材料 |
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GB0225869D0 (en) | 2002-12-11 |
KR20060011819A (ko) | 2006-02-03 |
EP2363423A1 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
CN101870765A (zh) | 2010-10-27 |
US7494720B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 |
JP2009097016A (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
JP4293991B2 (ja) | 2009-07-08 |
EP1569980A2 (en) | 2005-09-07 |
WO2004041902A2 (en) | 2004-05-21 |
US20060228576A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
EP1569980B1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
JP2006505647A (ja) | 2006-02-16 |
AU2003285484A8 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
CN101870765B (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
KR100604500B1 (ko) | 2006-07-25 |
JP5283479B2 (ja) | 2013-09-04 |
CN101696220A (zh) | 2010-04-21 |
WO2004041902A3 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
AU2003285484A1 (en) | 2004-06-07 |
ATE554121T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
US20090167170A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
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