CN1720137A - 显示变色倾向降低的具有表面应用银基整理剂的织物 - Google Patents
显示变色倾向降低的具有表面应用银基整理剂的织物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1720137A CN1720137A CNA2003801046248A CN200380104624A CN1720137A CN 1720137 A CN1720137 A CN 1720137A CN A2003801046248 A CNA2003801046248 A CN A2003801046248A CN 200380104624 A CN200380104624 A CN 200380104624A CN 1720137 A CN1720137 A CN 1720137A
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- fabric
- silver
- ion
- containing compound
- finishing agent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Classifications
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- D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
- D06M11/13—Ammonium halides or halides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
- D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
- D06M11/155—Halides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
- D06M11/42—Oxides or hydroxides of copper, silver or gold
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
本发明提供了对织物的耐洗性和变色程度的改善,该织物具有表面应用的银离子处理剂(例如离子交换化合物,如磷酸锆、玻璃和/或沸石)。这种固体化合物通常容易变色,而且由于其固体性质,一般容易在表面应用中脱离。本发明的处理剂需要使用特定的聚氨酯粘合剂,该聚氨酯粘合剂作为银离子的外涂层,或者作为与银离子抗菌化合物混和的染浴混合物的一个组分。此外,使用特定的金属卤化物添加剂(优选基本不含钠离子的)对抗此银离子制剂典型的变色。结果,在大量的标准洗涤和干燥后,耐洗性、变色程度、或两者都可获得一定程度的改善,本发明的处理剂不会以可察觉的量损耗,而且处理剂的颜色保持与最初应用时基本相同。本发明还包括特定的处理方法以及所处理的织物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及表面应用银离子处理剂(例如离子交换化合物,如磷酸锆、玻璃和/或沸石)的织物对耐洗性和变色程度的改善。这种固体化合物通常容易变色,而且由于其固体性质,一般容易在表面应用中脱离。本发明的处理剂需要使用特定的聚氨酯粘合剂,该聚氨酯粘合剂作为银离子的外涂层,或者作为与银离子抗菌化合物混和的染浴混合物的一个组分。此外,使用特定的金属卤化物添加剂(优选基本不含钠离子的)对抗此银离子制剂典型的变色。结果,在大量的标准洗涤和干燥后,耐洗性、变色程度、或两者都可获得一定程度的改善,本发明的处理剂不会以可察觉的量损耗,而且处理剂的颜色保持与最初应用时基本相同。本发明还包括特定的处理方法以及所处理的织物。
背景技术
近年来,对于来自潜在日常暴露的细菌污染物所带来的危险已经引起了极大的关注。其中相关的值得注意的例子包括快餐店夹生牛肉中发现的大肠杆菌的某些菌株引起的食物中毒的致命结果;夹生的和未清洗的家禽食物制品中的沙门氏菌污染引起的疾病;以及由金黄葡萄球菌、克雷白氏肺炎菌、酵母菌和其它单细胞生物引起的疾病和皮肤感染。随着该领域中消费者利益的增加,制造商已经开始在各种日常用品和制品中引入抗菌剂。例如,某些品牌的聚丙烯切菜板、液体皂等都含有抗菌化合物。这类制品中最流行的抗菌剂是三氯生(triclosan)。尽管在液体或某种聚合介质中加入这种化合物已经相对简单,但其它底物,包括织物和纤维表面,已经证实是不太合用的。为织物表面,特别是衣料和膜的表面提供有效、耐用和持久的抗菌特性,是长期以来的需要。使用三氯生极难实现这些所提出的应用,特别是在需要耐洗性时(三氯生容易从这类表面上洗掉)。此外,虽然已经证明三氯生是有效的抗菌化合物,但是在这类化合物中存在会引起皮肤刺激的氯和氯化物,这使其在用于服装的纤维、膜和织物上的应用极不理想。另外,含有与三氯生共挤的丙稀酸和/或醋酸纤维的纺织产品已经商品化(例如,Celanese(塞拉尼斯公司)以品名MicrosafeTM销售的醋酸纤维和Acordis(阿考迪斯公司)以品名AmicorTM销售的丙稀酸纤维)。然而,此应用仅限于这些类型的纤维;它不适用于聚酯、聚酰胺、棉、斯潘德克斯弹性纤维等织物,且在这些织物中没有特定的效果。另外,这种共挤工序非常昂贵。
近来,已经开发和利用了含银的无机杀菌剂作为用于不同基层和表面之上和之中的抗菌剂。特别地,如日本特开平第H11-124729号中所提出,这些杀菌剂已经适合于结合到融纺合成纤维之中,以便提供某些选择性地和固有地呈现抗菌特性的织物。此外,从耐用性方面来看,将这类特定的杀菌剂应用于织物和纱线表面所做的尝试很少成功。人们还从未成功地将这类化合物的表面处理剂作为耐用的整理剂或涂层应用于织物或纱线基层上。尽管这类银基试剂提供了极好的、耐用的、抗菌性能,但是到目前为止它还是现有技术中提供持久的、耐洗的、银基抗菌织物的唯一可行方式。然而,由于与这种化合物从纤维本体到纤维表面的迁移特性有关,需要大量银基化合物来提供足够的抗菌活性,因此生产这种融纺纤维的成本高昂。在织物和膜的应用中还希望使用表面涂层,特别是在目标织物或膜的加工之后。这种表面工序允许在纺织和编织等工序之前或之后对织物的单个纤维进行处理,从而在不改变其物理特性的条件下,为目标纱线提供更好的多功能性。然而,特别是对服装织物来说,这类涂层必须证明是耐洗的,从而就其功能而言是合乎需要的。此外,为了避免某些问题,极希望这种在目标织物、纱线、和/或膜表面上的金属化处理剂是非导电性的。由于存在金属和金属离子,过去一直不能获得这种耐洗的、非导电性涂层。因此这种改善将给织物、纱线和膜领域带来重要的进步。虽然抗菌活性是本发明的金属处理过的织物、纱线或膜的一个期望的特性,但这不是本发明制品必需性能。除臭、保温、清晰的着色、减少的变色、改善的纱线和/或织物强度、抗锐边性等,全都是可能给予用户的,此创新处理的纱线、织物或膜的独立或综合性能。
此外,基于银离子的化合物的表面应用通常由于银离子本身的氧化作用而显示变色,这在美感上令人不悦。代表性地,在暴露于大气条件时和之后,凸显出多种颜色(从黄到灰到黑)。因此,仍需要为这些表面处理剂提供改善。至今,与变色相关的问题已经引起注意,但是还没得到解决。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是,提供一种用高度耐洗的抗菌含银离子的处理剂,有效地处理织物的简单方法。本发明另一个目的是,提供一种美观的金属离子处理的织物,该织物高度耐洗、基本上不变色、不刺激皮肤,而且提供抗菌和/或气味控制性能。
因此,本发明包括一种非导电织物基层,该基层具有部分涂覆了整理剂的表面,其中所述整理剂含有至少一种含银离子的化合物、一种粘合剂、和至少一种含卤素的化合物,其中所述含卤素的化合物的存在量以卤离子存在量与银离子存在量之间的摩尔比测量,其中所述范围是5∶1至1∶10,并且其中所述整理剂基本不含碱金属(例如,优选钠,离子)。本发明还包括一种织物基层,该织物基层具有部分涂覆了非导电整理剂的表面,其中所述整理剂含有至少一种含银离子的化合物和一种粘合剂;其中通过人工汗对比试验(artificial sweat comparisontest)测量,所述处理织物在有效银离子的初始量至少为1000ppb时,表现出至少50%的银离子释放保留度(silver-ion release retention level),其中所述银离子释放保留度在经过至少20次洗涤后测量,所述洗涤按照作为AATCC检测方法130-1981中一部分的洗涤程序进行。本发明进一步包括一种织物基层,该织物基层具有部分涂覆了整理剂的表面,其中所述整理剂含有至少一种含银离子的化合物、一种粘合剂、和至少一种与含银离子的化合物摩尔比为1∶1的卤离子,其中所述整理剂基本不含钠离子。
本发明进一步包括一种织物基层,该织物基层具有部分涂覆了非导电整理剂的表面,其中所述整理剂含有至少一种含银离子的化合物和一种粘合剂;其中所述处理织物表现出至少50%的颜色稳定率(colorstabilization rate),其中所述颜色稳定率在经过至少20次洗涤后测量,所述洗涤按照作为AATCC检测方法130-1981中一部分的洗涤程序进行。
上述耐洗性测试是标准化的,而且本技术领域普通技术人员对其会很好地掌握,不是本发明所必需的或对本发明的限制。这种测试方法仅提供一个标准,在按照该标准进行10次洗涤时,本发明的处理基层将不失去可感知量的非导电金属整理剂。
现有技术中任何一处均没有公布、利用或明确推荐这种特定处理的基层或其制造方法。最接近的技术是一种以品名X-STATIC销售的产品,该产品是一种用银涂层非电解镀的织物制品。此织物是高度导电的而且用于消除静电。此外,该涂层还作为可移动的银粉整理剂存在于各种表面上。前述授予Kuraray的日本特开平限定于通过融纺纤维技术将银基化合物结合于其内的纤维。然而,没有任何一处提到或暗示如现在要求保护的这种耐洗的表面处理。
任何织物可以用作本申请中的基层。因此,天然纤维(棉、羊毛等)或合成纤维(聚酯、聚酰胺、聚烯烃等)可以独自构成目标基层,或与合成纤维、天然纤维、或这两种类型的混纺形成任意组合或混合物而构成目标基层。对于合成类型,本发明可以使用,例如但是不限于,聚烯烃,例如聚乙烯、聚丙烯和聚丁烯;卤代聚合物,例如聚氯乙烯;聚酯,例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚酯/聚醚;聚酰胺,例如尼龙6和尼龙6,6;聚氨酯;以及这些单体任意结合的均聚物、共聚物或三聚物等。特别优选尼龙6、尼龙6,6、聚丙烯、和对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(一种聚酯)。另外,目标织物可以涂覆任意层数的不同膜,包括在下面详细列出的各项。此外,可以用任何类型的着色剂(例如聚(氧化烯化的)着色剂)、以及颜料、染料、淡色(tints)等对基层进行染色或着色,从而为最终使用者提供其它的美学特征。其它添加剂也可以存在于目标纤维或纱线之上和/或之中,其包括抗静电剂、增艳处理化合物、成核剂、抗氧化剂、UV稳定剂、填料、耐久定形整理剂、柔软剂、润滑剂、固化促进剂等。本发明的织物特别需要的任选和补足的整理剂是改善织物的可润湿性和可洗涤性的防污剂。优选的防污剂包括为聚酯表面提供亲水性的防污剂。由于有了此改进的表面,该织物通过吸湿赋予穿着者舒适性。本发明预期优选的防污剂可以在美国专利3,377,249;3,540,835;3,563,795;3,574,620;3,598,641;3,620,826;3,632,420;3,649,165;3,650,801;3,652,212;3,660,010;3,676,052;3,690,942;3,897,206;3,981,807;3,625,754;4,014,857;4,073,993;4,090,844;4,131,550;4,164,392;4,168,954;4,207,071;4,290,765;4,068,035;4,427,557和4,937,277中找到。这些专利因此引入本文以供参考。此外,其它潜在添加剂和/或整理剂可以包括防水碳氟化合物和其衍生物、硅酮、蜡、及其它类似的防水材料。
特定的处理剂必须含有至少一种类型的含银离子的化合物,或其各种类型的混合物。术语含银离子化合物包括的化合物是离子交换树脂、沸石、或者可能取代的玻璃化合物(存在其它阴离子种类时,释放附着在其上的特定金属离子)。本发明优选的含银离子化合物是可由美利肯公司获得的商标为ALPHASAN的抗菌磷酸银锆。本发明中其它潜在优选的含银抗菌剂可能用作该优选种类的添加剂或替代物,例如可由Sinanen(品川燃料公司)获得的商标为ZEOMICAJ的银取代沸石,或可由Ishizuka Glass(石塚硝子株式会社)获得的商标为IONPURE的银取代玻璃。通常这种金属化合物的加入量为特定的处理剂组合物总重的大约0.01至大约40%;更优选大约0.05至大约30%;且最优选大约0.1至大约30%。优选地,此金属化合物的存在量为大约0.01至大约5%owf,优选大约0.05至大约3%owf,更优选大约0.1至大约2%owf,且最优选大约1.0%owf。该处理剂本身,包括任何必要的粘合剂、匀涂剂、胶粘剂、增稠剂等以大约0.01至大约10%owf的量加到基层上。产生特殊效果的是抗污渍再沉积聚合物,例如某些乙氧基化聚酯PD-92和DA-50,这两种均可从美利肯公司获得,或者可从Clariant(科莱恩公司)获得的Milease。
虽然在一些实施方式中粘合剂材料是非必要的,但是其确实给发明的纱线提供了非常有益的耐用性。此组分优选基于聚氨酯的粘合剂,尽管例如永久压烫型树脂或丙烯酸型树脂的其它类型也可以使用,特别是与减少变色的卤离子添加剂结合使用。实质上,这些树脂通过将银粘附到目标纱线和/或织物表面而提供耐洗性,其中聚氨酯表现出最好的耐洗性结果的综合性能。
所选基层可以是任何织物,该织物含有织物中所使用的任何典型来源的单个纤维或纱线,包括天然纤维(棉、羊毛、苎麻、大麻、亚麻等),合成纤维(聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚芳酰胺、醋酸纤维、人造纤维、丙烯酸纤维等)和无机纤维(玻璃纤维、硼纤维等)。纱线或纤维可为任何纤度的,可为复丝或单丝,可为假捻的或加捻的,或者可通过加捻、熔融等方法将多种纤度的纤维或丝结合成一股单纱。目标织物可用上述相同类型的纱线制造,包括它们的任何混纺物。此织物可以是任何标准构造的织物,包括编织物、机织物或非织造物。本发明的织物可用在任何合适的应用中,包括但不限于,服装、室内装饰、床上用品、抹布、毛巾、手套、地毯、地垫、悬挂织物、餐桌用布、酒吧长条桌布、织物袋、遮篷、机动车罩、船罩、帐篷等。本发明的织物还可进行涂覆、印花、着色、染色等。
使用例如ALPHASAN、ZEOMIC或IONPURE的含银离子化合物作为优选化合物(尽管也可以使用任何提供银离子的相似类型的化合物)的优选工序是,在目标织物或膜表面上尽染,然后涂覆一层粘合剂树脂。或者,可将含银离子的化合物与粘合剂在染浴中混合,然后在高温下(即高于约50℃)将目标织物浸于该染浴中。
在耐洗性方面,在了解此含金属离子的化合物附于织物表面的能力后,通过最初的尝试开发了如下工序。由此,ALPHASAN样品首先从染浴尽染到目标聚酯纤维表面。处理的织物呈现极好的杀死率对数特性;然而,经过标准洗涤方法(例如,AATCC检测方法130-1981)洗涤后,抗菌活性急剧下降。此有希望的最初结果导致了本发明耐洗的抗菌处理的开发,其中想要的含金属离子的化合物在目标织物表面上与粘合剂树脂混合或被粘合剂树脂涂覆。最初确定,合适的粘合剂树脂可以选自非离子永久压烫粘合剂(即交联的促粘附化合物,包括但不限于,交联的咪唑啉酮,可由Sequa获得,商品名为Permafresh)或弱阴离子粘合剂(包括但不限于,丙烯酸类,例如可由Rohm & Haas(罗门哈斯公司)获得的RhoplexTR3082)。其它非离子类和弱阴离子类也是可以的,包括蜜胺甲醛、蜜胺脲、乙氧基化聚酯(例如可由Rhodia获得的Lubril QCXTM)等。然而,人们发现此处理的织物耐洗性(至少依据银离子保持力)是有限的。已经确定,这种类型的应用需要更好的耐久性。由此,将这些已有的对比处理剂相比于各种其它类型进行测量。最后,如下面将更详细讨论的,人们发现某些聚氨酯粘合剂(例如,可由Crompton Corporation获得的Witcobond)和丙烯酸粘合剂(例如可由BFGoodrich获得的Hystretch)使粘附到目标织物表面的固体银离子化合物具有最佳的综合耐洗性。
在特定的表面应用工序中,在银离子化合物(优选ALPHASAN)的最初尽染后,优选一层聚氨酯基粘合剂树脂的薄涂层,以便为金属基颗粒处理剂提供所需的耐洗特性。通过使用这种特定的聚氨酯基粘合剂材料,即便在经过多达10次标准洗涤程序之后,该处理织物的抗菌特性仍然对织物保持非常有效。
同样可能的,虽然不如前述粘合剂树脂涂层有效,但仍是提供耐洗抗菌金属处理的织物表面的一种可接受的方法,该方法通过染浴混合物应用含银离子化合物/聚氨酯基粘合剂树脂。从抗菌活性的观点看,这种组合的尽染不如其它涂层方法有效,但是,同样,该方法也提供了一种抗菌效益可接受的耐洗处理剂。实际上,此化合物/树脂的混合物可以通过喷雾、浸渍、浸轧等方法应用。
关于变色,人们注意到,在大气条件下暴露后,银离子表面处理剂易于变黄、变褐、变灰而且可能变黑。由于银离子通常易于与游离阴离子反应,而且多数与银离子反应的阴离子产生颜色,所以如果不能完全防止,至少需要一种方法限制由银离子与游离阴离子物质相互作用而产生成问题的颜色,特别是在染浴液中。由此推测,非常需要包含一种添加剂,该添加剂本身不变色,不会有害地与粘合剂和/或银离子化合物反应,并且不受任何具体科学理论的约束限制,该添加剂显然会与银离子以某种方式反应而提供无色盐。例如来自金属卤化物(例如氯化镁)或氢卤酸(例如HCl)的卤离子提供这种结果,显而易见地,应该避免存在钠离子(它与银离子化合价相同,并与银离子竞争而与卤离子反应)的特例,因为此组分妨碍无色卤化银生成,使游离银离子具有此后与不合需要的阴离子反应的能力。因此,这种单价钠离子的存在(以及其它单价碱金属离子,例如有时是钾、铯和锂)不能使变色减少到所需程度。通常,在该整理剂组合物中,尤其是在溶剂(例如水)中,1000ppm或更大量的钠离子不利于本发明表面应用的处理剂阻止变色。因此,术语“基本不含钠离子”用于本发明时,包括这一最低量在内。此外,二价或三价(和一些一价)的金属卤化物如果在整理剂组合物中以足够量存在,会抵消钠离子暴露的一些影响。因此,在整理剂组合物中钠或类似碱金属离子的存在量越高,需要越高量的金属卤化物(例如氯化镁)才能与其抗衡,从而能够适当地防止变色。此外,所有其它金属离子(二价的,三价的等,最优选二价的,例如镁),结合卤素阴离子(例如氯化物、溴化物、碘化物,最优选氯化物),以及酸(同样,例如HCl和HBr等),在本发明中是防止变色的潜在添加剂。氯离子的量(浓度),应按照其与含银离子化合物中存在的游离银离子的摩尔比测量。为了适当的活性,应当满足从1∶10(氯化物对银离子)至5∶1(氯化物对银离子)的比率范围,优选范围是从1∶2至大约2.5∶1。同样,可以加入相比于银离子的摩尔比更高量的金属卤化物,以便抵消整理剂组合物本身中任何过量的碱金属离子。
这些发明的织物处理剂的优选实施方式(不论它是耐洗的、不变色的、或兼有两种性能)在下面做更详细地讨论。
具体实施方式
以下实施例进一步举例说明本发明,但是不能将它们理解为限定本发明,本发明是由本说明书所附权利要求书定义的。除非另做说明,这些实施例中的全部比例和百分数是按照重量计算的。
首先,制备ALPHASAN的溶液(可由美利肯公司获得银基离子交换化合物),用于通过染浴尽染到目标织物上的表面应用。这些溶液和比较溶液如下:
实施例1
组分
含量(wt.%)
水 94.15
PD-92(抗污渍再沉积聚合物) 1.5
DA-50(抗污渍再沉积聚合物) 1.5
Witcobond 2.25
Alphasan 0.6
醋酸 将pH调节到6.5
实施例2
组分
含量(wt.%)
水 97.8
PD-92 0.75
DA-50 0.75
Witcobond 1.12
Alphasan 0.3
醋酸 将pH调节到6.5
实施例3
组分
含量(wt.%)
水 92.7
PD-92 1.5
DA-50 1.5
Hystretch 3.7
Alphasan 0.6
醋酸 将pH调节到6.5
实施例4
组分
含量(wt.%)
水 93.1
Milease(抗污渍再沉积聚合物) 3.4
Witcobond 2.74
Alphasan 0.71
氯化镁1 0.008
盐酸 调节pH到6.0
(氯离子与银离子的比率约为2.5∶1)
Freecat MX,可由Noveon(诺誉化工)获得
实施例5
组分
含量(wt.%)
水 93.1
Milease(抗污渍再沉积聚合物) 3.4
Witcobond 2.74
Alphasan 0.71
氯化镁1 0.008
盐酸 调节pH至6.0
(氯离子与银离子的比率为约为1.3∶1)
实施例6
组分
含量(wt.%)
水 93.1
Milease(抗污渍再沉积聚合物) 3.4
Witcobond 2.74
Alphasan 0.72
氯化镁1 0.005
盐酸 调节pH至6.0
(氯离子与银离子的比率约为1∶2)
实施例7
组分
含量(wt.%)
水 97.5
Milease(抗污渍再沉积聚合物) 3.0
Witcobond 2.0
Alphasan 0.6
盐酸 调节pH至6.0
(氯离子与银离子的比率约为1∶10)
比较例
组分
含量(wt.%)
水 93.1
Milease(抗污渍再沉积聚合物) 3.4
Witcobond 2.74
Alphasan 0.73
盐酸 调节pH至6.0
在以下测试中还使用一种未应用处理剂的对照织物。
然后用浸轧和压送辊(pad and nip rolls)将这些溶液应用于样品织物(染成“真”白色),获得大约85-90%owf的吸湿率。活性ALPHASAN化合物在目标织物上的尽染水平约为1.0%owf。然后分析具涂层的样品、对照和比较织物的一些不同特性,这些特性主要在一定次数的洗涤之前和之后进行测量。对于以下每个洗涤测试,样品织物按照AATCC检测方法130-1981洗涤,主要采用标准家用洗衣机(SearsKenmoreHeavy Duty,Super Capacity),该洗衣机配备了温度控制器,并设定于105+/-5°F进行洗涤。冲洗温度设定得较低(70+/-5°F)。在一次标准循环中(10分钟洗涤循环;28分钟总循环),采用Tide洗衣粉,在中等负载时的用量约为100g。然后取出样品织物,并按照棉织物设定,于标准家用干衣机中干燥10分钟。所制造的上述织物中均不表现出任何导电性。
至于耐洗性,通过一种生物溶液试验(人工汗试验),测试实施例1-3在20次标准洗涤后的离子释放。
人工汗试验
这一试验测试自由地游离于基层,实现所需功能(例如用于气味控制和气味减少的抗菌活性)的活泼金属离子的量,并且该试验可在洗涤的和未洗涤的样品上进行,从而监控可释放活性成分的耐用性,在此,该可释放活性成分是银离子。试验本身涉及使样品(在此例中是尺寸为4英寸×4英寸的织物样品)受溶液处理,该溶液是样品将与之接触而实现其所需功能的代表性溶液。由此,对于本试验,在首先称重并精确
到4位有效数字之后,将样品织物暴露于人体气味控制标准液,该标准液是依照AATCC检测方法15-1994的溶液。该暴露是完全浸入十倍稀释的人工标准溶液中8小时。在暴露时间后,接着再次干燥和称重该样品;任何重量损失都代表在标准溶液中,为反抗产生气味的微生物而释放的银离子活性成份。计算是以样品织物重量中活性成分的ppm来报道的。实施例1和某些比较织物的结果如下(A是含有共挤了180ppm/纤维ALPHASAN的纤维的织物;B是具有共挤了60ppm/纤维ZEOMIC的纤维的织物;C是其上具有8000ppm银的X-STATIC导电织物):
表1
通过人工汗试验测量银离子释放
洗涤次数
实施例1(ppb)
A(ppb)
B(ppb)
C(ppb)
0 1023 504 107 2080
10 890 154 91 788
20 880 210 84 883
因此,本发明的实施例在经过20次洗涤后保持高于86%的活性银离子;而比较例或者是可用的银离子极低(B),或者是保留度低于80%(全部三例,A和C保留度低于50%),或者是本身导电(C)。
用于此表面应用的新粘合剂体系的效力的另一个指标,是测定在一定次数洗涤后表面整理剂的抗菌活性。这些基于银离子的整理剂表现出极好的抗菌活性,并能导致理想的气味控制、杀菌性等其它益处。优选地,当样品织物表现出对金黄葡萄球菌的杀死率对数至少是1.5,优选高于2.0,更优选高于3.0,而对克雷白氏肺炎菌的杀死率对数至少是1.5,优选高于2.0,并更优选高于3.0时,能得到有效的整理剂保留度(银离子释放保留度),以上两试验均在上述至少10次洗涤,优选更多次洗涤后,根据AATCC检测方法100-1993进行24小时的曝光而检测。以上实施例1-3的结果如下:
表2
本发明织物对
金黄葡萄球菌和
克雷白氏肺炎菌的杀死率对数
杀死率对数
实施例#
洗涤
金黄葡萄球菌
克雷白氏肺炎菌
1 0 3.31 3.67
1 1 2.03 4.25
1 5 2.83 4.65
1 10 2.87 4.65
1 20 2.21 4.65
2 0 3.81 3.49
2 1 3.37 4.65
2 5 3.12 3.37
2 10 1.67 3.08
2 20 1.13 3.03
3 0 3.69 4.65
3 1 2.50 2.69
3 5 1.67 2.48
3 10 2.08 1.61
3 20 1.57 1.43
对照 0 -0.04 -0.95
对照 3 0.03 -1.49
因此,本发明整理剂的银离子在表面上的保留度极好。
颜色耐光牢度
关于织物变色,实施例4-7通过颜色耐光牢度试验进行分析,并根据以下方程测量样品:
ΔE*=((L* 最初-L* 曝光)2+(a* 最初-a* 曝光)2+(b* 最初-b* 曝光)2)1/2
其中ΔE*代表最初涂覆乳液的织物与经过上述程度的紫外曝光后的织物之间颜色的差异。L*、a*和b*是色度坐标;其中L*是有色织物的亮度和暗度的度量;a*是有色织物的红色和绿色的度量;而b*是有色织物的黄色和蓝色的度量。ΔE*越低,颜色耐光牢度越好,从而使织物样品的颜色改变程度越小,或者在此情况下,使织物样品的变色越小。对“真”白色织物的测量(最初测量的L=93.93,a=2.10,而b=-10.68)如下面实施例4-7,按照The Engineering Society for Advancing MobilityLand Sea Air and Space Textile Test Method SAE J-1885,“(R)AcceleratedExposure of Automotive Interior Trim Components Using a ControlledIrradiance Water Cooled Xenon-Arc Apparatus”,曝光于225kJ氙气光源,获得特定量的千焦。
表2
样品织物的L值
小时数
实施例#
0
24
48
72
96
196
264
4 94.39 92.96 92.82 92.70 92.43 92.10 92.02
5 94.49 93.46 93.26 93.20 92.99 92.54 92.43
6 94.68 93.36 93.23 93.08 92.82 92.37 92.18
7 94.37 90.54 89.43 88.52 88.07 86.46 86.40
比较 94.74 88.28 87.07 86.12 85.78 84.52 84.69
对照 93.93 94.4 94.26 94.35 94.01 94.43 94.34
表3
样品织物的a值
小时数
实施例#
0
24
48
72
96
196
264
4 2.07 2.30 2.34 2.52 2.81 2.46 2.53
5 2.04 2.24 2.32 2.49 2.79 2.43 2.48
6 2.06 2.30 2.34 2.56 2.86 2.88 2.56
7 2.10 3.65 4.11 4.46 4.47 4.49 4.34
比较 2.07 4.02 4.25 4.60 4.16 4.47 4.64
对照 2.10 2.27 2.26 2.45 2.80 2.82 2.80
表4
样品织物的b值
小时数
实施例#
0
24
48
72
96
196
264
4 -10.56 -10.82 -10.73 -11.06 -11.04 -10.23 -10.08
5 -10.74 -10.86 -10.93 -11.19 -11.21 -10.55 -10.49
6 -10.80 -10.99 -10.92 -11.29 -11.33 -10.63 -10.65
7 -10.61 -9.02 -8.55 -8.92 -8.19 -8.25 -8.27
比较 -10.62 -6.93 -6.43 -6.25 -5.43 -5.76 -5.75
对照 -10.68 -11.22 -11.2 -11.65 -11.78 -11.24 -11.30
随后将这些值代入以上适用于测量颜色随时间变化的方程(与“真”白色织物的理论E值比较),从而确定本发明整理的织物的颜色耐光牢度。其结果如下:
表5
样品织物的ΔE值
小时数
实施例#
0
24
48
72
96
196
264
4 0.11 0.50 0.65 0.92 1.44 1.84 2.10
5 0.16 0.14 0.28 0.47 0.82 1.02 1.22
6 0.29 0.23 0.30 0.65 1.12 1.52 1.63
7 0.10 8.33 14.40 18.96 23.10 33.75 33.81
比较 0.33 24.84 34.90 43.46 49.10 59.19 58.04
对照 0.00 0.27 0.20 0.62 0.85 0.56 0.52
然后,本发明和比较例的ΔE值用对照的ΔE值去除,而得到一个百分率最终值,作为颜色稳定率,该颜色稳定率计算如下:
表6
颜色稳定率
实施例#
颜色改变百分率
4 96.7
5 97.4
6 97.8
7 51.9
比较 0.0
对照 100
因此,至少50%的颜色稳定率是可接受的,但此前一直未达到。显然稳定率越高越优选,并且在卤离子存在下可获得较高的稳定率。因此,本发明的整理剂希望具有至少55%,更优选至少60%,进一步优选75%,并且更进一步优选至少85%的比率(最优选甚至更高的比率)。
在任何情况下,这些水平是极好的,而且显示了本发明的整理剂不仅提供了有效的抗菌程度,而且极好地减少了变色可能性,尤其是随着时间的推移和经过可观次数的标准洗涤之后。
当然,以下权利要求的精神和范围中也包括本发明的许多可选择的实施方式和修改。
Claims (17)
1.一种织物基层,所述织物基层具有部分涂覆了整理剂的表面,其中所述整理剂含有至少一种选自磷酸银锆、银取代沸石、银取代玻璃、和其任意混合物的含银离子的化合物,和至少一种含卤素的化合物,其中所述含卤素的化合物的存在量以卤离子存在量与银离子存在量之间的摩尔比测量,其中所述范围是5∶1至1∶10,并且其中所述整理剂基本不含碱金属离子。
2.如权利要求1所述的织物基层,其中所述至少一种含卤素的化合物是含氯化合物。
3.如权利要求2所述的织物基层,其中所述含氯化合物氯化镁。
4.如权利要求1所述的织物基层,其中所述整理剂进一步含有至少一种粘合剂材料。
5.如权利要求1所述的织物基层,其中所述含银离子的化合物是磷酸银锆。
6.一种制造权利要求1所述织物的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤
(a)提供具有表面的织物;
(b)将步骤“a”所述织物的表面的至少一部分与基本不含碱金属离子的整理剂接触,并且所述整理剂含有至少一种选自磷酸银锆、银取代沸石、银取代玻璃、和其任意混合物的含银离子的化合物,和至少一种含卤素的化合物,其中所述含卤素的化合物的存在量以卤离子存在量与银离子存在量之间的摩尔比测量,其中所述范围是5∶1至1∶10。
7.一种织物基层,所述织物基层具有部分涂覆了整理剂的表面,其中所述整理剂含有至少一种选自磷酸银锆、银取代沸石、银取代玻璃、和其任意混合物的含银离子的化合物,和至少一种含卤素的化合物,其中所述含卤素的化合物的存在量以卤离子存在量与银离子存在量之间的摩尔比测量,其中所述范围是5∶1至1∶10,并且其中所述整理剂基本不含钠离子。
8.如权利要求7所述的织物基层,其中所述至少一种含卤素的化合物是含氯化合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的织物基层,其中所述含氯化合物氯化镁。
10.如权利要求7所述的织物基层,其中所述整理剂进一步含有至少一种粘合剂材料。
11.如权利要求7所述的织物基层,其中所述含银离子的化合物是磷酸银锆。
12.一种制造权利要求7所述织物的方法,所述方法包括下列步骤
(a)提供具有表面的织物;
(b)将步骤“a”所述织物的表面的至少一部分与基本不含钠离子的整理剂接触,并且所述整理剂含有至少一种选自磷酸银锆、银取代沸石、银取代玻璃、和其任意混合物的含银离子的化合物,和至少一种含卤素的化合物,其中所述含卤素的化合物的存在量以卤离子存在量与银离子存在量之间的摩尔比测量,其中所述范围是5∶1至1∶10。
13.一种织物基层,所述织物基层具有部分涂覆了非导电整理剂的表面,其中所述整理剂含有至少一种选自磷酸银锆、银取代沸石、银取代玻璃的含银离子的化合物,和至少一种粘合剂材料;其中所述织物表现出至少50%的颜色稳定率(color stabilization rate),其中所述颜色稳定率在经过至少20次洗涤后测量,所述洗涤按照作为AATCC检测方法130-1981中一部分的洗涤程序进行。
14.如权利要求13所述的织物基层,其中所述颜色稳定率至少为55%。
15.如权利要求14所述的织物基层,其中所述颜色稳定率至少为60%。
16.如权利要求15所述的织物基层,其中所述颜色稳定率至少为75%。
17.如权利要求16所述的织物基层,其中所述颜色稳定率至少为85%。
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CN102888751A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2013-01-23 | 浙江理工大学 | 亚铁离子感应变色织物的制备方法和使用法 |
CN102888751B (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-03-25 | 浙江理工大学 | 亚铁离子感应变色织物的制备方法和使用法 |
CN108474170A (zh) * | 2015-12-17 | 2018-08-31 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | 制备抗微生物组合物的改进方法 |
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