CN1716734A - 带有双边转子的电机 - Google Patents

带有双边转子的电机 Download PDF

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CN1716734A
CN1716734A CNA2005100822651A CN200510082265A CN1716734A CN 1716734 A CN1716734 A CN 1716734A CN A2005100822651 A CNA2005100822651 A CN A2005100822651A CN 200510082265 A CN200510082265 A CN 200510082265A CN 1716734 A CN1716734 A CN 1716734A
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iron core
wind turbine
stator iron
turbine generator
rotor
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CN1716734B (zh
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P·L·扬森
J·P·莱昂斯
R·J·小卡尔
曲荣海
J·M·福加蒂
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20—Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/207—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium with openings in the casing specially adapted for ambient air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
    • H02K9/22—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
    • H02K9/225—Heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7064—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type
    • F05B2220/70642—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type of the synchronous type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
    • H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
    • H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
    • H02K5/203—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium specially adapted for liquids, e.g. cooling jackets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

可用于风力涡轮(10)和船舶推进用途的机器包括带有两个同心气隙的双边发电机(12)或电动机(512)。在一个实施例中，该机器包括带有内转子边(108)和外转子边(110)的双边转子(86)；以及带有内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)的定子(88)，其中双边转子(86)同心地设在内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)之间。

Description

带有双边转子的电机
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及电机，更具体地涉及风力涡轮发电机和船舶推进电动机。
背景技术
风通常被视为太阳能的一种形式。风是因太阳对大气的不均匀加热、地球表面的不规则性以及地球的自转所造成的，风的流型被地球的地形、水体和植被所改变。用语“风能”或“风力”描述了风被用来产生机械动力或电的过程。
通常来说，风力涡轮用来将风中的动能转化成机械动力。这种机械动力可用于特定的工作(例如磨谷物或者抽水)，或者可用发电机来将该机械动力转化成电。风力涡轮通常包括空气动力机构，其用于将空气的运动转化成机械动力，然后由发电机将该机械动力转化成电力。发电机的功率输出与风速的立方大致成比例。当风速加倍时，风力发电机的效率增加了几乎八倍。
大部分可买到的风力涡轮采用齿轮传动系来将涡轮叶片连接在风力发电机上。风使涡轮叶片转动，涡轮叶片使轴自转，轴装在齿轮箱中并连接在风力发电机上并进行发电。齿轮传动装置旨在增加机械运动的速度。齿轮传动装置的缺点在于，它降低了风力涡轮的可靠性，并且增大了风力涡轮的噪声和成本。
少数采用直接驱动式发电机的风力涡轮也是可买到的。直接驱动式发电机的大直径提出了在工厂和在风力涡轮安装现场的运输和安装方面的比较困难的挑战。随着风力涡轮行业的成熟和技术改进，需要较大的额定功率来继续实现能耗的降低用于陆上涡轮机的标准额定功率预期在今后若干年内会达到超过3MW，而海上涡轮机预期会达到5MW或更大。
为了使风力涡轮发展至较高的额定功率，传统的方法是增大直接驱动式发电机的直径或轴向(层叠)长度。单纯从发电机电磁的角度来看，增大直径是优选的，但从运输、框架和安装的角度来看就没有吸引力，尤其是对于陆上涡轮机而言。在保持直径小于约4.1-4.3米的同时增大发电机的轴向长度缓解了陆上涡轮机的运输问题，但会导致复杂和昂贵的框架结构以及较长的轴向长度。
因此，需要提供一种具有较大额定功率和较小直径的成本效率合算的电机。
发明内容
简而言之，根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种风力涡轮。该风力涡轮的发电机包括至少两个同心的气隙。发电机包括带有内转子边和外转子边的至少一个双边转子，以及带有内定子铁心和外定子铁心的至少一个定子。该至少一个双边转子同心地设在内定子铁心和外定子铁心之间。
根据本发明的另一实施例，提供了一种风力涡轮发电机。该风力涡轮发电机包括至少两个同心的气隙。发电机包括带有内转子边和外转子边的至少一个双边转子，以及带有内定子铁心和外定子铁心的至少一个定子。该至少一个双边转子同心地设在内定子铁心和外定子铁心之间。
根据本发明的另一实施例，提供了一种船舶推进电动机。该船舶推进电动机包括至少两个同心的气隙。电动机包括带有内转子边和外转子边的至少一个双边转子，以及带有内定子铁心和外定子铁心的至少一个定子。该至少一个双边转子同心地设在内定子铁心和外定子铁心之间。
附图说明
通过参考附图来阅读以下详细介绍，可以更好地理解本发明的这些和其它的特征、方面及优点，在附图中类似的标号代表类似的部件，其中：
图1显示了包括示例性双边发电机的风力涡轮的剖视图；
图2显示了带有双边转子和定子的图1示例性发电机的剖视图；
图3显示了图2所示双边转子和定子的三维视图；
图4显示了在图2所示设置中带有热管和外冷却通道的一个示例性实施例；
图5显示了包括示例性双边船舶推进电动机的船舶的一部分的剖视图；
图6显示了图5所示示例性电动机的剖视图；和
图7显示了带有用于图2所示双边发电机的齿轮箱的一个示例性实施例。
具体实施方式
本发明包括了尤其适用于直接驱动式风力涡轮和船舶推进装置的双边发电机和电动机的不同实施例。另外，这些实施例有益于一些齿轮传动式电机。在下文中描述的这些不同构造是基于双边的、径向磁通的、同步的电机。尽管出于说明目的而介绍和显示了永磁(PM)电机，然而也可以使用其它的电机，例如绕组励磁电机。这些构造有助于实现具有增大额定功率(＞2.0MW)的成本效率合算的风力涡轮，并且尤其有利于外径会受到运输限制条件的约束的陆上应用。
现在来看附图，图1是风力涡轮10的剖视图的示意性图示，其带有直接驱动式双边PM发电机12的一个示例性实施例。风力涡轮10的PM发电机12包括至少两个同心的气隙(图1中未示出，参考图2在下文中论述)，从而有效地将PM发电机12转化成两个同心的发电机。因此，本领域的技术人员可以理解，对于由外径和轴向长度所限定的相同总包迹而言，PM发电机12可比单边发电机产生高很多的功率输出。因此，在实践中，对于相同的总直径和轴向长度而言，2MW的单边发电机可被能产生3-3.6MW的双边发电机取代。等效的是，具有6米直径的3MW单边PM发电机可被仅具有4.3米直径的相同轴向长度的双边发电机取代，从而使整个发电机可作为一个单元而进行陆上运输。
图1所示的风力涡轮10的一个示例性实施例包括PM发电机12中的双边转子86和定子88。定子88包括内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92，这些铁心有助于形成所述至少两个同心气隙(如后图所示)。定子88同心地安装在固定框架34上。在一个示例中，PM发电机12还包括冷却通道100，其用于冷却内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92。在操作中，定子88的功率输出由能够进行全功率转换的功率变换器(未示出)来供给和控制。定子88连接在固定框架34上，而框架34又安装在主框架36上。主框架还通过传统的偏航用轴承(yaw bearing)和齿轮传动系统(未示出)而安装在塔架38上。在更具体的示例中，冷却通道100利用风来冷却内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92。
图1所示的风力涡轮10还包括连接在具有转子毂盖49的转子叶片毂44上的转子叶片42。转子叶片毂44通过转子轴46而连接在双边转子86(其包括发电机转子)上。双边转子86连接在旋转框架52上。双边转子86还连接在固定毂56上。机壳盖50通常可保护机壳内的部件。转子叶片毂44还安装在主固定毂和轴承组件56的主转轴46(转子轴)上的法兰54上。该组件56将转子叶片毂44连接在主框架36上。尽管显示了两个主轴承即前主轴承58和后主轴承60，然后其它的轴承构造、包括一个主轴承也是可以的。可通过旋转框架和固定框架中(即PM发电机12与主轴承组件56之间)的进入孔或者通过主轴和轴承组件56来接近转子叶片毂44。本领域的技术人员可以理解，主轴承和轴的直径可根据用来接近毂的手段来设置，例如，较大直径的主轴承(例如大约1.5米或以上的外径)将有助于接近毂。使用低成本的、例如小于或等于约1.0米的小直径轴承将可能需要通过进入孔来接近毂。
在安装现场装配风力涡轮10通常这样来完成：首先吊起主框架36，然后吊起PM发电机12(包括主轴和轴承组件56)，之后是涡轮机转子毂44和叶片42。机壳盖50在最后一个步骤中安装，或者作为主框架36的一部分来安装。
图2是图1所示PM发电机12的详细视图。图2显示了具有转子86和定子88的PM发电机12，转子86具有带有其各自永磁体120和122的内转子边108和外转子边110，定子88具有带有其各自绕组即内定子绕组116和外定子绕组118的内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92。如图所示，内定子铁心和外定子铁心促使形成了两个同心的气隙94和96。另外，本领域的技术人员可以理解，轴向磁通的一部分可以在图2所示的内转子边108和外转子边110之间被有利地分享。图2还显示了冷却通道100，其在一个示例中可包括通过了旋转框架52内的气路通道103的第一冷却通道102，以及第二冷却通道104。本领域的技术人员可以理解，冷却通道102和/或104还可选择性地用作定子铁心支撑件41。因此，在一个特定示例中，第一冷却通道102使得风吹的冷却空气流经形成了定子铁心支撑件41的冷却通道102。
可在旋转框架52内的气路通道103与内冷却通道102之间设置迷宫式密封106，以便为PM发电机12和框架件提供与环境隔开的保护。为了提供另外的与环境隔开的保护，PM发电机隔室可采用过滤空气来加压。
在图3的详细视图中，转子86显示为同心地设在内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92之间。外定子铁心92相对于内定子铁心90倒置，即外定子铁心92的气隙面96朝内，而内定子铁心90的气隙面94朝外。内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92包括各自的磁心层组112、114，如图3所示。定子88还包括多个定子绕组116、118，其被插入到形成于内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92的多个齿之间的狭槽中。PM电动机12还包括分别与内转子边108和外转子边110相关联并且设置成接近于内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92的永磁体120、122。在一个示例中，如图3所示，与双边转子的各边相关联的永磁体120和122在角度上错开，即它们可构造成是偏开的，从而极大地减小了因啮合和绕组谐频所造成的净扭矩脉动，同时发电机的扭矩性能只有很小的降低。或者，永磁体120和122可在角度上对齐，但被磁化定向成使得磁通径向地流过内磁体和外磁体之间的转子铁心，从而在气隙中产生了接近平衡的电磁径向力，并且还潜在地减小了出于结构原因所需的转子铁心厚度的量。
在一个示例中，图3所示的冷却通道包括金属材料的同心环124。在一个示例中，金属材料为钢或铝合金中的至少一种。金属材料的其它非限制性示例包括镁、钛、延性铁、白口铁或灰口铁。碳纤维也可用于同心环124中。本领域的技术人员还可以理解，金属材料可制备成铸件材料、成型材料、加工材料或不同的独立件。
在一个具体示例中，冷却通道还包括设在同心环124之间的倾斜翅片126。在一个更具体的示例中，倾斜翅片126由与同心环相同的材料制成，并且被插入和焊接在同心环之间。倾斜翅片126可以是挤出的角钢条。热量从内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92(以及各自的定子绕组)经由各自的相邻环而被传递至倾斜翅片126中。或者，倾斜翅片126和同心环124可通过铸造来制造。除了可将热量传递至流动的周围空气中以外，倾斜翅片126还可提供径向、周向和轴向上的优越刚度，这非常类似于轻重量的蜂窝结构。因此，同心环124的厚度可制成为比用于框架的单个环要薄很多和轻很多。另外，冷却通道的刚度还减小了气隙中的游动电磁力所造成的挠曲(因此还减小了振动和噪音)。在另一具体示例中，冷却通道100包括在同心环124之间延伸的径向翅片(未示出)。
在另一示例性实施例中，如图4所示，PM发电机12还包括通常位于内定子铁心90和外定子铁心92内或围绕着它们的热管128，以及设置成大致相邻于外定子铁心92的冷却通道130。热管128将热量从内定子铁心90传递至冷却通道130。热管128可嵌入在铁心中，或者处于内定子铁心90的狭槽底部处，以便有效地将热量从PM发电机12传递至冷却通道130。这种设置的主要优点在于，风冷所需的管道和密封不太复杂，并且排除了液体冷却所需的管道、泵、热交换器和液体容器。本领域的技术人员容易理解，与液体冷却类似的其它冷却方法也是可行的。
与用于风力涡轮的单边发电机相比，以上不同实施例中所述的双边发电机12提供了若干优点。最重要的优点包括，对于给定的额定功率而言可降低框架的质量，和/或可安装在给定的运输包迹内或更具流线型设计的发电机具有提高的额定功率。另外的优点例如包括，带有双边转子的实施例使得可分享两个发电机转子边之间的磁通路径。这使得可以减小对转子轭架的净活性材料要求，因此减少其质量和成本。另外，两个同心气隙中的径向磁力作用于相反的方向上，从而抵消或至少部分地减小了沿着气隙的各周向位置处的净径向磁力。这减小了转子的径向挠曲，并且还减小了振动和噪音。
尽管主要已在风力涡轮的方面介绍了本发明的实施例，然而本发明的概念可以用于其它应用中，其中一个示例是船舶推进电动机。图5显示了船舶510的一部分的剖视图，其包括示例性的双边船舶推进电动机512、螺旋桨530、安装和轴承组件532以及框架组件528。图6显示了图5所示的示例性电动机的剖视图，其中船舶推进电动机512包括带有内转子边516和外转子边518的至少一个双边转子514，以及带有内定子铁心522和外定子铁心524的至少一个定子520，其中至少一个双边转子同心地设在船舶推进电动机的内定子铁心和外定子铁心之间。许多具体的转子构造细节与风力涡轮实施例相类似，在这里不再重复。图6还显示了至少一个冷却通道526，其用于冷却内定子铁心和外定子铁心。在一个典型的船舶推进用的实施例中，冷却通道526采用液体来冷却定子铁心。所用液体通常是水-乙二醇和去离子水中的至少一种，但也可使用普遍用于冷却电机的任何其它液体。冷却通道526通常包括选自铝、铜、不锈钢及其任何组合的材料，并且可采用普遍用于冷却电机的任何其它材料。可采用热交换器(未示出)来将冷却液体所吸收的热量传递至周围空气中。图6的这种冷却通道也可用于风力涡轮实施例中。
在若干应用中，本领域的技术人员容易理解，带有齿轮箱的中速电机可用于驱动和发电应用中。中速发电机的转速在约150和1000转/分钟(rpm)之间。例如，连接在齿轮箱上的、具有大约10∶1的传动比的中速发电机可用于风力发电机。在这种应用中，可能需要减小齿轮箱的体积，并具有较小前截面的流线型传动系(包括发电机和齿轮箱的组件)。图7显示了示例性电机700的示意图，其带有上述风力涡轮的不同实施例中所述的双边发电机以及齿轮箱710。在一个具体示例中，发电机712的直径与齿轮箱710的直径相配。一般来说，对于小于约10的传动比(可采用简单的周转齿轮构造)而言，用于兆瓦级风力涡轮的最佳尺寸的发电机直径将远远大于齿轮箱的直径。例如，连接在8∶1齿轮箱上的2.5MW风力发电机的最佳外径是2.7米，而8∶1齿轮箱的直径小于2米。与最佳尺寸的直接驱动式发电机相比，通过采用双边发电机，发电机的外径可制作成与齿轮箱的外径相配，同时使双边发电机的质量没有显著的增加。本领域的技术人员可以认识到，以上技术比带有齿轮箱的单边发电机具有显著的优点。为了使单边发电机的设计具有流线型，必须减小发电机直径以便与齿轮箱相配，因此轴向长度将与最佳直径同可相配于齿轮箱的机器直径之比的平方成反比地增大。这种单边机器将比等效的双边机器重很多和昂贵很多。
尽管在本文中只显示和介绍了本发明的某些特征，然而本领域的技术人员可以进行多种修改和变化。因此可以理解，所附权利要求旨在覆盖属于本发明的精神实质内的所有这些修改和变化。

Claims (14)

1.一种风力涡轮发电机(12)，包括：
带有内转子边(108)和外转子边(110)的至少一个双边转子(86)；和
带有内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)的至少一个定子(88)，其中，所述至少一个双边转子(86)同心地设在所述风力涡轮发电机(12)的内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机包括直接驱动式发电机(12)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机还包括用于冷却所述内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)的至少一个冷却通道(100)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个冷却通道(100)采用风来冷却所述内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)。
5.根据权利要求3所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个冷却通道(100)包括金属材料的同心环(124)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机还包括设在所述同心环(124)之间的倾斜翅片(126)。
7.根据权利要求3所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述至少一个冷却通道(100)采用液体来冷却所述内定子铁心和外定子铁心。
8.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机还包括：
大致围绕着所述内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)的至少一个热管(128)；和
设置成大致相邻于所述内定子铁心(90)或外定子铁心(92)的至少一个冷却通道(130)，
其中，所述至少一个热管(128)将热量从所述内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)传递至所述至少一个冷却通道(130)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机还包括永磁体(120，122)，其分别与所述内转子边(108)和外转子边(110)相关联并且设置成邻近于所述内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)，其中所述永磁体(120，122)构造成为偏开的或对齐的，以便减小净扭矩脉动。
10.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮发电机(12)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机(712)由齿轮箱(710)驱动。
11.一种风力涡轮(10)，包括：
风力涡轮发电机(12)，其包括：
带有内转子边(108)和外转子边(110)的至少一个双边转子(86)；和
带有内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)的至少一个定子(88)，其中，所述至少一个双边转子(86)同心地设在所述风力涡轮发电机(12)的内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)之间。
12.根据权利要求11所述的风力涡轮(10)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机(12)包括直接驱动式发电机。
13.根据权利要求11所述的风力涡轮(10)，其特征在于，所述发电机(12)还包括永磁体(120，122)，其分别与所述内转子边(108)和外转子边(110)相关联并且设置成邻近于所述内定子铁心(90)和外定子铁心(92)，其中所述永磁体(120，122)构造成为偏开的或对齐的，以便减小净扭矩脉动。
14.根据权利要求11所述的风力涡轮(10)，其特征在于，所述风力涡轮发电机(712)由齿轮箱(710)驱动。
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US7154191B2 (en) 2006-12-26
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