CN1715286A - 抑制异种器官移植免疫排斥反应的五糖抗原的合成方法 - Google Patents
抑制异种器官移植免疫排斥反应的五糖抗原的合成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1715286A CN1715286A CN 200410050073 CN200410050073A CN1715286A CN 1715286 A CN1715286 A CN 1715286A CN 200410050073 CN200410050073 CN 200410050073 CN 200410050073 A CN200410050073 A CN 200410050073A CN 1715286 A CN1715286 A CN 1715286A
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- hydrogen
- benzoyl
- benzyl
- chloracetyl
- ethanoyl
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- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 title description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- -1 chloracetyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 32
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 25
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- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抑制异种器官移植免疫排斥反应的五糖抗原的合成方法,该方法的特征在于采用“四组分一釜”的合成方法,即选择常用的保护基对四种糖结构单元进行合适的保护,然后将这些结构单元用“四组分一釜合成法”进行装配,快速、立体选择、高收率地得到了所需的五糖抗原系列,本发明相对于“三组分一釜”合成法,省去了一步糖基化偶联的分离纯化操作,具有更为高效、简捷的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及糖类物质的合成方法,尤其涉及一种抑制异种器官移植免疫排斥反应的五糖抗原的合成方法。
背景技术
异种器官移植被认为是解决器官移植中供体器官短缺的方法之一。超级免疫排斥反应被视为异种器官移植中最具挑战性的障碍。它由人体循环系统内一种名为anti-Gal的天然抗体特异性识别非灵长目动物器官细胞上表达的含Gal 1→3Gal-R寡糖片断的抗原所引起,用合成的寡糖抗原来中和anti-Gal抗体是抑制超级免疫排斥反应的可能的途径之一。
有关研究表明,五糖Gal 1-3Gal 1-4GlcNAc 1-3Gal 1-4Glc-R是Gal抗原表位的主要组分之一[Cooper,D.K.C.;Koren,E.;Oriol,R.Immunol.Rev.1994,141,31;Galili,U.Immunol.Today 1993,14,480;Sandrin,M.S.;Vaughan,H.A.;McKenzie,I.F.C.Transplant.Rev.1994,8,134;Samuelsson,B.E.;Rydberg,L.;Breimer,M.E.;Backer,A.;Gustavsson,M.;Holgersson,J.;Karlsson,E.;Uyterwaal,A.-C.;Cairns,T.;Welsh,K.Immunol.Rev.1994,141,151.]。虽然有文献报道用化学以及酶的方法对五糖抗原合成进行了研究[Zhu,T.;Boons,G.-J.J.Chem.Soc.,Perkin Trans.1 1998,857;Gege,C.;Kinzy,W.;Schmidt,R.R.Carbohydr.Res.2000,328,459;Fang,J.;Li,J.;Chen,X.;Zhang,Y.;Wang,J.;Guo,Z.;Zhang,W.;Yu,L.;Brew,K.;Wang,P.G.J.Am.Chem.Soc.1998,120,6635.],但文献中所报道的五糖抗原的合成方法均不同程度的存在步骤较多,总收率低,不能满足较大量寡糖样品的需求等缺陷。本发明人在申请号为03156098.9的专利申请文件中公开了该五糖抗原的“三组分一釜”的合成方法,虽然该合成方法的合成效率与现有技术相比有明显提高,但该方法仍存在合成步骤较多、不够简捷的缺陷。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种更为简捷、高效的抑制异种器官移植免疫排斥反应的五糖抗原的合成方法。
本发明目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种抑制异种器官移植免疫排斥反应的五糖抗原的合成方法,主要包括以下步骤:
1、将下述4种通式化合物,即通式I、II、III和IV,在同一个反应体系中进行偶联反应,得到全保护五糖,将所得的全保护五糖脱去全部或部分保护基后,即得所需的五糖,其产品结构式见通式V:
通式I
其中R1、R2可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;或R1和R2一起是苄叉基;R3、R4可以是氢、苄基、烯丙基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;R可以是苯基、对甲基苯基、甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
其中R5、R6可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基,或R5和R6一起是苄叉基;R7可以是氢、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;R是苯基、对甲基苯基、甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
通式III
其中R8、R9可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、烯丙基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;NR10是氨基,叠氮基,邻苯二甲酰亚胺基,2’,2’,2’-三氯乙氧羰酰胺基(-NHC(O)OCH2CH2Cl3),苄氧羰酰胺基(-NHC(O)OCH2Ph)或乙酰胺基(-NHAc);R可以是苯基、对甲基苯基、甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
其中R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、烯丙基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;或R11和R12一起是苄叉基;R17是氢、苄基;R18是氢、苄氧羰基;或N(R17)R18是叠氮基;n为1-12。
通式V
其中R1、R2可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;或R1和R2一起是苄叉基;R3、R4可以是氢、苄基、烯丙基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;R5、R6可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基,或R5和R6一起是苄叉基;R7可以是氢、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;R8、R9可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、烯丙基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;NR10是氨基,叠氮基,邻苯二甲酰亚胺基,2’,2’,2’-三氯乙氧羰酰胺基(-NHC(O)OCH2CH2Cl3),苄氧羰酰胺基(-NHC(O)OCH2Ph)或乙酰胺基(-NHAc);R11、R12、R13、R14、R15、R16可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、烯丙基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;或R11和R12一起是苄叉基;R17是氢、苄基;R18是氢、苄氧羰基;或N(R17)R18是叠氮基;n为1-12。
上述合成方法中,偶联反应体系中所用的活化剂为N-碘代丁二酰亚胺/三氟甲磺酸(NIS/TfOH),三氟甲磺酸化二甲基(甲基硫基)锍盐(DMTST),N-哌啶基苯基亚砜/三氟甲磺酸酐(BSP/Tf2O),苯基氯化硫/三氟甲磺酸银(PhSCl/AgOTf)以及其它活化硫醚或亚砜的试剂等;偶联反应所用的反应溶剂为甲苯,二氯甲烷,氯仿,乙腈,乙醚,DMF(二甲基甲酰胺),THF(四氢呋喃),DME(二甲氧基乙烷)等;偶联反应温度为-78℃~25℃。偶联反应中结构单元的离去基团为S-R/SOR,其中R为芳香基或烷基。
本发明五糖抗原的合成方法采用“四组分一釜”的合成方法,即选择常用的保护基对糖结构单元进行合适的保护,然后将这些结构单元用四组分“一釜合成法”进行装配,快速、立体选择、高收率地得到了所需的五糖抗原系列,本发明相对于“三组分一釜”合成法,省去了一步糖基化偶联的分离纯化操作,具有更为高效、简捷的优点。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例具体说明本发明,本发明的实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案,并非限定本发明的实质。
[实施例]五糖的合成
说明:化合物9属于通式化合物I的一种;化合物10属于通式化合物II的一种;化合物3属于通式化合物III的一种;化合物8属于通式化合物IV的一种;五糖1属于通式化合物V的一种。
一、化合物9(通式化合物I的一种)的合成
1、化合物9a的制备:
在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入1,2,3,4,6-五乙酰基保护的半乳糖(20g,0.05mol),加入对-甲基苯硫酚(9.5g,0.075mol),加入CH2Cl2(150ml,经无水硫酸钠干燥),搅拌溶解,加入BF3.Et2O(13ml,14.19g,0.1mol),室温下搅拌5h,TLC检测,反应完全。反应物用CH2Cl2(150ml)稀释,用80ml左右的饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤2-3次至中性,再用饱和NaCl溶液(40ml)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后,过滤干燥剂,浓缩,所得固体用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(V石油醚∶V乙酸乙酯=3∶1)重结晶,得白色固体,重21g,收率:90%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.38(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.10(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.38(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),5.19(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),5.01(dd,J=3.3,9.9Hz,1H),4.62(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),4.05-4.19(m,2H),3.88(t,J=7.2Hz,1H),2.32(s,3H),2.09(s,3H),2.08(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),1.95(s,3H).
2、化合物9的制备
在500ml圆底烧瓶中,化合物9a(21g,0.047mol)溶于250ml甲醇,加入催化量的金属钠,室温下搅拌5h,反应完毕,用强酸型阳离子交换树脂中和至PH=5~6,滤去树脂后,浓缩,蒸干溶剂后得化合物9b。然后加入150mlDMF,尽量使其溶解。冰水冷却下,慢慢加入NaH(7g,0.28mol),再加入溴化苄(35ml,47.89g,0.28mol),6h后停止反应,将反应混合物到入冰水中,搅拌,有固体析出,过滤,水洗,石油醚洗,再将所得固体用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(V/V=3∶1)重结晶得白色固体产物21g,产率:89%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.45(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.24-7.40(m,20H),6.97(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),4.95(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),4.67-4.80(m,4H),4.58(d,J=11.7Hz,1H),4.56(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.42(ABq,J=12.0Hz,2H),3.97(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),3.89(t,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.55-3.65(m,4H),2.27(s,3H)。
二、化合物10(通式化合物II的一种)的制备
Bz=苯甲酰基;Lev=乙酰丙酰基;Tol=对甲基苯基;CSA=樟脑磺酸;levulinic acid=乙酰丙酸;DCC=1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺;DMAP=4-二甲胺基吡啶。
1、化合物10a的制备:
在100ml反应瓶中加入化合物9b(5.0g,0.0176mol),注入无水乙腈(40ml),加入苯甲醛二甲缩醛(4.05ml,4.01g,0.0264mol)及樟脑磺酸(0.081g,0.352mmol),室温搅拌2h,析出白色固体,加入三乙胺中和,浓缩抽干,在无水乙醇中重结晶得白色针状晶体4.63g,收率:70.5%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.58(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),7.26-7.38(m,5H),7.12(d,J=7.8Hz,2H),5.51(s,1H),4.46(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),4.39(dd,J=12.6,1.5Hz,1H),4.21(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),4.01(dd,J=12.6,1.5Hz,2H),3.55-3.73(m,3H),2.48-2.58(m,1H),2.34(s,3H)。
2、化合物10b的制备:
在100ml反应瓶中加入化合物10a(0.374g,1mmol),注入无水CH2Cl215ml,搅拌溶解,加入1,3-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)(0.32g,1.5mmol),4-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)(0.062g,0.5mmol),乙酰丙酸(Levulinic acid)(0.14g,1.2mmol),室温反应3h,TLC检验反应完,加入CH2Cl2(15ml)稀释,过滤除渣,滤液浓缩至干,残余物柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=3∶1]得白色固体0.255g,收率:54%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.56(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.33-7.41(m,5H),7.05(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.44(s,1H),4.93(dd,J=3.6,9.6Hz,1H),4.53(d,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.35-4.27(m,2H),3.84-3.98(m,2H),3.53(br.s,1H),2.81(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),2.67(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.54(t,J=6.0Hz,2H),2.33(s,3H),2.02(s,3H)。
3、化合物10的制备:
将化合物10b(1.40g,3mmol)加入100ml反应瓶中,加入30ml吡啶,冰水冷却下慢慢注入BzCl(苯甲酰氯)(0.76ml,927mg,6.6mmol),搅拌5分钟后撤冰水室温搅拌过夜,TLC检验反应完,减压蒸干吡啶得黄色固体,得化合物10c;再向其中加入THF和甲醇混合液(25ml,v/v=10∶1),搅拌使固体溶解。另取冰醋酸(1.5ml)于干燥试管中,小心加入无水肼(0.77ml,217mg,24mmol),并加入适量THF和甲醇混合液(v/v=10∶1),然后将此混合液注入到反应瓶中,室温搅拌过夜,反应完全,减压蒸干溶剂,加入CH2Cl2(200ml)搅拌,过滤,滤液依次用饱和NaHCO3和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=3∶1]得白色固体0.95g,收率:68%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:8.06(d,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.37-7.60(m,10H),7.06(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),5.51(s,1H),5.18(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),4.75(d,J=9.9Hz,1H),4.41(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),4.24(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.05(dd,J=12.0,1.5Hz,1H),3.86(dd,J=3.6,9.6Hz,1H),3.60(br.s,1H),2.34(s,3H)。
三、化合物3(通式化合物III的一种)的制备
Ac2O=醋酸酐;Pyr=吡啶;NPhth=邻苯二甲酰亚胺基;Bn=苄基;Phathic anhydride=邻苯二甲酸酐。
1、化合物2a的制备
氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐(11g,0.050mol)于500ml反应瓶中,加入250ml甲醇,NaOMe(7.3ml,30%的甲醇溶液,0.0001mol),室温反应0.5h,冷却至0℃,加入邻苯二甲酸酐(8.9g,0.06mol),1h后升至室温搅拌过夜,减压蒸干溶液。再冷却至0℃,加入100ml吡啶和50ml醋酸酐的混合液,反应2h升至室温,反应过夜,停止反应,减压蒸干溶剂,残余物柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=1∶1]得黄色糖浆16.13g,收率:67.7%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.74-7.88(m,4H),6.52(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),5.89(dd,J=9.0,9.5Hz,1H),5.20(t,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.48(dd,J=9.0,11.8Hz,1H),4.38(dd,J=4.5,10.0Hz,1H),4.01-4.17(m,2H),2.12(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),1.81(s,3H)。
2、化合物2b的制备:
在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入化合物2a(12g,0.025mol),加入对-甲基苯硫酚(3.98g,0.031mol),加入CH2Cl2(150ml,经无水硫酸钠干燥,搅拌溶解,加入BF3.Et2O(14.2ml,14.19g,0.1mol),室温下搅拌5h,TLC检测,反应完全。反应物用CH2Cl2(150ml)稀释,用80ml左右的饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤2-3次至中性,再用饱和NaCl溶液(40ml)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后,过滤干燥剂,浓缩,所得固体用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(V石油醚∶V乙酸乙酯=3∶1)重结晶,得白色固体,重10.5g,收率:86%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.74-7.90(m,4H),7.30(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.18(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.78(dd,J=9.0,10.0Hz,1H),5.65(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),5.12(dd,J=9.3,10.2Hz,1H),4.17-4.35(m,3H),3.85-3.91(m,1H),2.33(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),1.83(s,3H)。
3、化合物2c的制备:
化合物2b(11.7g,0.021mmol)于500ml反应瓶中,加入200ml无水甲醇溶解,注入NaOMe(0.4ml,30%的甲醇溶液,0.0042mmol),室温搅拌5h,停止反应,加入强酸型阳离子交换树脂中和至PH=5-6,滤去树脂后,浓缩抽干得黄色油状物。再在反应瓶中加入无水乙腈(200ml),加入苯甲醛二甲缩醛(4.4ml,3.58g,28.6mmol)及樟脑磺酸(0.2g,0.88mmol),室温搅拌5h,溶液变成澄清,TLC检测反应完,加入三乙胺中和,浓缩蒸干溶剂,残余物柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=1∶2]得白色晶体6.93g,收率:64.8%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.73-7.89(m,4H),7.05-7.49(m,9H),5.63(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),5.56(s,1H),4.62(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.39(dd,J=4.6,10.4Hz,1H),4.31(t,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.82(t,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.70(td,J=9.6,4.8Hz,1H),3.58(t,J=9.0Hz,1H),2.50(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),2.31(s,3H)。
4、化合物2的制备:
化合物2c(70mg,0.14mmol)加入到50ml茄形瓶中,注入DMF(5ml)溶解,冷却至0℃,加入NaH(7mg,0.28mmol),注入溴化苄(25μl,35.9mg,0.21mmol),室温搅拌反应4h,停止反应,将化合物倒入冰水中,然后用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)萃取,乙酸乙酯层用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=3∶1]得黄色糖浆74.5mg,收率:92.2%。1HNMR(300MHz,CD3COCD3-d6)δ:7.89(m,3H),7.72(m,1H),7.56(dd,J=2.4,8.1Hz,2H),7.35-7.44(m,3H),7.25(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.09(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),6.87-6.99(m,5H),5.79(s,1H),5.63(dd,J=0.9,10.5Hz,1H),4.76(d,J=12.6Hz,1H),4.50(d,J=12.3Hz,1H),4.41(q,J=9.3Hz,1H),4.36(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.23(t,J=9.9Hz,1H),3.93-3.86(m,2H),3.77(m,1H),2.27(s,3H)。
5、化合物3的制备
在反应瓶中加入化合物2(74mg,0.18mmol),3分子筛(2.5g),注入干燥THF(10ml),N2保护,室温搅拌0.5h,加入NaCNBH3(0.11g,1.625mmol),注入HCl-Et2O(2.6ml,1M的乙醚溶液,2.5mmol),有气泡放出,10min后反应完,加入10ml二氯甲烷稀释反应液,硅藻土过滤除3MS,滤液依次用饱和NaHCO3和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得黄色油状物,柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=3∶1]得黄色糖浆43mg,收率:57.9%。1HNMR(300MHz,CD3COCD3-d6)δ:7.69-7.84(m,4H),7.27-7.40(m,7H),6.88-7.01(m,7H),5.56(d,J=10.2Hz,1H),4.83(d,J=12.0Hz,1H),4.51-4.64(m,3H),4.28(dd,J=7.8,10.2Hz,1H),4.16(t,J=10.2Hz,1H),3.95(d,J=9.3Hz,1H),3.74-3.82(m,2H),3.32(br.s,2H),2.22(s,3H)。
四、化合物8(通式化合物IV的一种)的合成
1、化合物5的合成
在500ml圆底烧瓶中加入乳糖(32.4g,0.1mol),无水乙酸酐(180ml,163.2g,1.6mol),醋酸钠(16.6g,0.2mol),加热到120℃回流搅拌3h,减压蒸除乙酸酐得深黄色糖浆,加入200ml CH2Cl2溶解,用150ml左右的饱和NaHCO3溶液洗涤2-3次至中性,再用饱和NaCl溶液(100ml)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥后,过滤干燥剂,浓缩,所得固体用石油醚-乙酸乙酯(V石油醚∶V乙酸乙酯=3∶2)重结晶,得白色固体57.95g,产率:85.5%。
2、化合物6的合成
化合物5(200mg,0.3mmol)和化合物HO(CH2)3NHCbz(63mg,0.35mmol)于50ml茄形瓶中,加入15ml干燥CH2Cl2溶解,注入三氟化硼乙醚(BF3.OEt2)(1.01ml,127.7mg,0.90mmol),室温下搅拌8h,停止反应,加入50mlCH2Cl2稀释,依次用饱和NaHCO3和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,得黄色油状物,柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=1∶1]得黄色糖浆98.4mg,收率:43%。1HNMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.24-7.32(m,5H),5.31(d,J=2.7Hz,1H),5.16(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),5.05-5.11(m,3H),4.93(dd,J=3.6,10.5Hz,1H),4.85(dd,J=7.8,9.6Hz,1H),4.42-4.51(m,3H),3.97-4.13(m,4H),3.79-3.86(m,2H),3.75(t,J=9.6Hz,1H),3.52-3.59(m,2H),3.14-3.27(m,2H),2.11(s,3H),2.05(s,3H),2.02(s,3H),2.01(s,3H)1.98(s,3H),1.93(s,3H),1.89(s,3H),1.75(m,2H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:170.78,170.70,170.50,170.41,170.09,169.43,156.80,137.05,128.86,128.46,128.42,101.45,100.78,76.60,73.11,73.08,71.96,71.33,71.06,69.49,67.88,66.97,62.22,61.16,60.75,38.58,29.85,21.15,20.99,20.86;FAB-MS(M+H)+828。元素分析(%):C37H49O20N计算值:C,53.69;H,5.97;N,1.69.实测值:C,53.59;H,5.96;N,1.66。
3、化合物7的合成
化合物6(107.5mg,0.13mmol)于50ml反应瓶中,加入20ml无水甲醇溶解,注入NaOMe(10μl,30%的甲醇溶液,0.0026mmol),室温搅拌5h,停止反应,加入强酸型阳离子交换树脂中和至中性,滤去树脂后,浓缩蒸干得黄色油状物。再在反应瓶中加入Bu2SnO(58mg,0.023mmol),注入无水甲醇20ml,N2保护,加热回流搅拌16h,冷却至室温,减压蒸干溶剂,向残余物中加入4MS(4分子筛),四丁基碘化胺(2.2mg,0.006mmol),注入20ml干燥苯,烯丙基溴(18μl,25.16mg,0.208mmol),N2保护,加热回流搅拌5h,冷却至室温,硅藻土过滤除4MS,浓缩滤液得黄色油状物。重复地在反应瓶中加入Bu2SnO(58mg,0.023mmol),注入无水甲醇20ml,N2保护,加热回流搅拌16h,冷却至室温,减压抽干溶剂,向残余物中加入4MS,四丁基碘化胺(2.2mg,0.006mmol),注入20ml干燥苯,烯丙基溴(18μl,25.16mg,0.208mmol),N2保护,加热回流搅拌5h,冷却至室温,硅藻土过滤除4MS,浓缩滤液得黄色油状物,经初步柱层析分离[洗脱剂甲醇∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=1∶15]后投入下步反应。
将上面所得化合物加入50ml茄形瓶中,注入DMF(4ml)溶解,冷却至0℃,加入NaH(39mg,1.56mmol),注入BnBr(0.14ml,200.1mg,1.17mmol),搅拌5h,停止反应,将化合物倒入冰水中,然后用乙酸乙酯(3×10ml)萃取,乙酸乙酯层用无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物经柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=3∶1]得黄色糖浆0.111g,收率:70%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.12-7.34(m,40H),5.92(m,1H),5.32(dd,J=1.5,17.0Hz,1H),5.15-5.18(m,3H),4.99(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),4.95(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.66-4.81(m,5H),4.14-4.55(m,11H),3.91(t,J=10.0Hz,2H),3.86(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),3.76(m,1H),3.68(dd,J=7.5,8.6Hz,2H),3.53(t,J=10Hz 2H),3.29-3.35(m,8H),1.85(m,2H);13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:162.64,139.10,139.09,138.86,138.62,138.31,138.07,137.88,134.97,128.49,128.43,128.34,128.23,128.19,128.12,128.01,127.93,127.87,127.82,127.71,127.65,127.50,127.46,127.41,127.39,127.29,127.03,116.38,103.46,102.72,82.91,82.34,81.71,79.86,77.20,76.58,75.32,75.21,75.08,74.91,74.59,73.48,73.38,73.01,72.92,71.46,68.28,68.08,67.15,50.77,36.59,31.55;MALDI-TOF-MS(M+Na+H)+1227,(M+K+H)+1243。元素分析(%):C75H81O13N计算值:C,74.79;H,6.78;N,1.16.实测值:C,74.72;H,6.68;N,1.08。
4、化合物8的合成
取化合物7(21mg,0.017mmol)于25ml茄形瓶中,N2保护,注入1.5ml无水甲醇,加入PdCl2(1.1mg,0.0068mmol),室温搅拌4h,反应完毕,加甲醇5ml稀释,硅藻土过滤除PdCl2,浓缩滤液,残余物经柱层析分离[洗脱剂(v/v)石油醚∶乙酸乙酯=1∶2]得浅黄色糖浆19.8mg,产率:97.5%。1HNMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ:7.14-7.34(m,40H),5.15(br.s,2H),5.00(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),4.25-4.81(m,16H),3.95(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),3.86-3.92(m,1H),3.83(br.s,1H),3.66-3.79(m,2H),3.26-3.56(m,10H),2.18(d,J=3.5Hz,1H),1.85(m,2H).13CNMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ:157.87,138.97,138.64,138.52,138.35,138.07,137.93,137.79,136.65,128.91,128.45,128.37,128.29,128.20,128.04,127.92,127.81,127.77,127.67,127.62,127.53,127.48,127.10,103.43,102.56,82.72,81.62,80.52,75.83,75.28,74.98,74.87,74.02,73.27,73.11,73.04,68.14,67.86,67.11,50.68,44.67,43.65,28.59;MALDI-TOF-MS(M+Na+H)+1187,(M+K+H)+1203。元素分析(%):C72H77O13N计算值:C,74.27;H,6.66;N,1.20.实测值:C,74.10;H,6.61;N,1.12。
五、五糖1(通式V化合物的一种)的合成
1、全保护五糖11的合成
在25ml茄形瓶中加入4分子筛(200mg),化合物9(15mg,0.023mmol),化合物10(11.1mg,0.023mmol)和BSP(N-哌啶基苯基亚砜)(3.4mg,0.016mmol),注入干燥二氯甲烷(2ml),N2保护,搅拌0.5h,冷却至零下70℃,注入Tf2O(三氟甲磺酸酐)(3.1μl,5.3mg,0.0186mmol),然后慢慢升至室温反应2h,TLC检测化合物9基本消失。再冷却至-70℃,加入BSP(N-哌啶基苯基亚砜)(3.9mg,0.0186mmol),Tf2O(三氟甲磺酸酐)(3.5μl,5.9mg,0.021mmol),用干燥二氯甲烷2ml溶解化合物3(13.8mg,0.023mmol)并加入反应瓶中,然后慢慢升至室温,2h后TLC检测显示上一步生成的新点基本消失,冷却至-70℃,加入BSP(N-哌啶基苯基亚砜)(3.9mg,0.0186mmol),Tf2O(三氟甲磺酸酐)(3.5μl,5.9mg,0.021mmol),用干燥二氯甲烷2ml溶解化合物8(27mg,0.023mmol)并加入反应瓶中,2h内升至室温,继续反应2h后,加入三乙胺2ml和CH2Cl2(10ml)稀释,硅藻土过滤除4MS,滤液依次用饱和NaHCO3和NaCl洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,残余物经柱层析分离[洗脱剂石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=3∶1]得淡黄色油状物24mg,收率41%。1HNMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:7.97(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.63-7.73(m,6H),7.44(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.37-7.02(m,67H),6.86(d,J=7.5Hz,3H),6.74(t,J=7.5Hz,4H),5.55(s,1H),5.40(dd,J=8.0,10.0Hz,1H),5.32(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),5.28(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.05(s,2H),4.90(d,J=11.5Hz,1H),4.87(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.75(d,J=11.0Hz,1H),3.92-4.65(m,36H),33.76-3.80(m,3H),3.18-3.76(m,16H),2.95-3.14(m,2H),1.66-1.75(m,2H);13CNMR(125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:167.44,164.52,155.80,139.14,138.86,138.58,138.34,138.27,138.03,137.98,137.87,136.89,134.37,133.64,131.53,130.50,129.38,128.93,128.76,128.65,128.39,128.30,128.17,128.10,127.99,127.88,127.82,127.72,127.61,127.54,127.40,127.35,127.21,127.16,127.02,126.91,126.70,126.29,126.17,123.06,102.25,101.23,100.04,99.99,99.01,93.34,81.84,80.97,78.06,77.66,77.41,76.85,76.41,75.14,74.44,74.19,74.13,74.05,73.66,73.56,73.40,73.31,72.53,72.47,72.34,71.88,71.22,70.81,68.94,68.38,68.15,68.04,67.90,67.40,66.28,66.10,65.03,55.80,49.95,48.60,44.48,43.61,30.00;MALDI-TOF-MS(M+Na+H)+2534,(M+K+H)+2550。
2、五糖1的合成
取全保护五糖11(54mg,0.02mmol)于25ml茄形瓶中,注入3mL乙醇和1mL NH2NH2·H2O,加热回流20h,然后加甲苯(3×5mL)共沸蒸干。向残留物中加3mL吡啶和1mL乙酸酐,室温搅拌8h后,蒸干溶剂,加3mL甲醇溶解,注入NaOMe(10μl,30%的甲醇溶液,0.0026mmol),室温搅拌6h,停止反应,加入强酸型阳离子交换树脂中和至中性,滤去树脂后,浓缩蒸干后经柱层析粗分[洗脱剂 石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(V/V)=2∶1]。所得产物用HOAc(0.25mL)/THF(2mL)/H2O(1mL)混合溶剂溶解,加入10%钯-碳(15mg)进行催化氢解,反应22h后,用硅藻土滤除催化剂,滤液浓缩后过C-18反相柱[洗脱剂H2O],分得产物经冷冻干燥后得白色固体9mg,收率43%。1HNMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ:5.14(d,J=4.0Hz,iH),4.70(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),4.54(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.50(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.42(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),4.20-4.16(m,2H),4.15(d,J=3.0Hz,1H),4.07-3.93(m,5H),3.87-3.69(m,14H),3.67-3.56(m,6H),3.36-3.30(m,2H),3.15(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),2.02(m,4H),1.90(s,7H);ESI-MS(M+H)+927。
Claims (5)
1、一种抑制异种器官移植免疫排斥反应的五糖抗原的合成方法,主要包括以下步骤:
将下述通式I、II、III和IV共4种化合物在同一个反应体系中进行偶联反应,得到全保护五糖,所得的全保护五糖脱去部分保护基或全部保护基后,即得所需的五糖,其产品结构式见通式V:
通式I
其中R1、R2可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;或R1和R2一起是苄叉基;R3、R4可以是氢、苄基、烯丙基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;R可以是苯基、对甲基苯基、甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
其中R5、R6可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基,或R5和R6一起是苄叉基;R7可以是氢、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;R可以是苯基、对甲基苯基、甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
其中R8、R9可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、烯丙基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;NR10是氨基,叠氮基,邻苯二甲酰亚胺基,2’,2’,2’-三氯乙氧羰酰胺基(-NHC(O)OCH2CH2Cl3),苄氧羰酰胺基(-NHC(O)OCH2Ph)或乙酰胺基(-NHAc);R可以是苯基、对甲基苯基、甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
其中R11、R12、、R13、R14、R15、R16可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、烯丙基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;或R11和R12一起是苄叉基;R17可以是氢、苄基;R18是氢、苄氧羰基(Cbz);或N(R17)R18是叠氮基;n为1-12。
通式V
其中R1、R2可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;或R1和R2一起是苄叉基;R3、R4可以是氢、苄基、烯丙基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;R5、R6可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基,或R5和R6一起是苄叉基;R7可以是氢、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;R8、R9可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、烯丙基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;NR10是氨基,叠氮基,邻苯二甲酰亚胺基,2’,2’,2’-三氯乙氧羰酰胺基(-NHC(O)OCH2CH2Cl3),苄氧羰酰胺基(-NHC(O)OCH2Ph)或乙酰胺基(-NHAc);R11、R12、、R13、R14、R15、R16可以是氢、苄基、硅保护基、烯丙基、苯甲酰基、乙酰基、氯乙酰基、丙酰基或新戊酰基;或R11和R12一起是苄叉基;R17是氢、苄基;R18是氢、苄氧羰基;或N(R17)R18是叠氮基;n为1-12。
2、根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其中偶联反应所用的活化剂为N-碘代丁二酰亚胺/三氟甲磺酸,三氟甲磺酸化二甲基(甲基硫基)锍盐,N-哌啶基苯基亚砜/三氟甲磺酸酐,苯基氯化硫/三氟甲磺酸银以及其它活化硫醚或亚砜的试剂。
3、根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其中偶联反应所用的反应溶剂为甲苯,二氯甲烷,氯仿,乙腈,乙醚,DMF,THF,DME。
4、根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其中偶联反应的温度为-78℃到25℃。
5、根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其中偶联反应中结构单元的离去基团为S-R/SOR,其中R为芳香基或烷基。
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Cited By (6)
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CN103665064A (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-26 | 济南卡博唐生物科技有限公司 | 一种制备2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的方法 |
CN103694289A (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-02 | 济南卡博唐生物科技有限公司 | 一种2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的制备方法 |
CN103694287A (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-02 | 济南卡博唐生物科技有限公司 | 制备2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的工艺 |
CN103694288A (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-02 | 济南卡博唐生物科技有限公司 | 制备2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的方法 |
CN103694290A (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-02 | 济南卡博唐生物科技有限公司 | 2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的制备方法 |
CN113214094A (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-06 | 潍坊天福化学科技有限公司 | 一种伏格列波糖的合成方法 |
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FR2773801B1 (fr) * | 1998-01-19 | 2000-05-12 | Sanofi Sa | Nouveaux pentasaccharides, procedes pour leurs preparations et compositions pharmaceutiques les contenant |
CN1450075A (zh) * | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-22 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 一类寡糖及其硫酸化产物和它们的制备方法及含该寡糖的药物组合物 |
WO2004050673A2 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-06-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Methods for synthesizing polysaccharides |
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CN103665064B (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2016-04-27 | 济南尚博生物科技有限公司 | 一种制备2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的方法 |
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CN103694288B (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2016-05-18 | 济南尚博生物科技有限公司 | 制备2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的方法 |
CN103694287B (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2016-05-18 | 济南尚博生物科技有限公司 | 制备2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的工艺 |
CN103694290B (zh) * | 2013-12-12 | 2016-08-17 | 济南尚博生物科技有限公司 | 2,3,4,6-四-氧-苄基-d-吡喃半乳糖的制备方法 |
CN113214094A (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-08-06 | 潍坊天福化学科技有限公司 | 一种伏格列波糖的合成方法 |
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