CN1682033A - 带有同心的齿轮传动装置/发电机结构的风动力设备 - Google Patents

带有同心的齿轮传动装置/发电机结构的风动力设备 Download PDF

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CN1682033A
CN1682033A CNA038218305A CN03821830A CN1682033A CN 1682033 A CN1682033 A CN 1682033A CN A038218305 A CNA038218305 A CN A038218305A CN 03821830 A CN03821830 A CN 03821830A CN 1682033 A CN1682033 A CN 1682033A
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gear drive
generator
power equipment
pneumatic power
rotor
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CN100335777C (zh
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S·西格费胜
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Aerodyn Engineering GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/10—Transmission of mechanical power using gearing not limited to rotary motion, e.g. with oscillating or reciprocating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/48—Special means compensating for misalignment of axes, e.g. for equalising distribution of load on the face width of the teeth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7068—Application in combination with an electrical generator equipped with permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
    • F05B2260/224—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface
    • F05B2260/2241—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface using fins or ribs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/403—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components
    • F05B2260/4031—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing
    • F05B2260/40311—Transmission of power through the shape of the drive components as in toothed gearing of the epicyclic, planetary or differential type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/28—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with gears having orbital motion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括转子(1，3)、转子轴(9)、齿轮箱(19)和发电机(31，33)的风能设备，所述设备的特征在于：发电机(31，33)呈现为一同中心地包围齿轮箱(19)的环形体。

Description

带有同心的齿轮传动装置/发电机结构的风动力设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种按照主要权利要求的前序部分的、带有一同心的齿轮传动装置/发电机结构的风动力设备。
背景技术
关于风动力设备已知许多驱动轮系结构。除了无齿轮设备之外，大多数设备由一齿轮传动装置和一发电机的组合构成。在风动力设备中，齿轮传动装置和发电机传统上连续地被设置成为在机架上的诸单独的组成部分。在损坏的情况下，可单个地调换这些组成部分，但是它的整个结构较长、因此较重和成本较高。
在EP 811 764 B1中，齿轮传动装置和发电机以直接连接的方式容装在一公用壳体内，齿轮传动装置是单级行星齿轮传动装置，将壳体直接放在塔上。齿轮传动装置和发电机大致具有相同的直径，两组成部分以直接连接的方式设置，这导致了紧凑的、重量轻的结构。但是，产生了缺点，它不再可能在塔头上调换单个组成部分。
在这些组成部分损坏的情况下，整个设备必须从塔头降下。此外，在公用壳体内的设备要求两个组成部分具有大体相同的外径，这又使发电机设计不能最佳。
WO 01/94779A1揭示了具有在相对于转子的一侧上的直接工作的发电机的结构。由于发电机较大，使其重量和成本上没有竞争力，所以从经济观点出发这样的设计原理是极其不利的。
DK 173 530 B1揭示了很细长的驱动轮系结构，其中齿轮传动装置和发电机连续地设置，并带有一中间轴。虽然这结构允许各组成部分可调换，但是整个装置较重和成本较高。
发明内容
本发明的问题是提供一种允许简单地调换齿轮传动装置和发电机、具有紧凑、重量轻的结构的风动力设备。在诸从属权利要求中提出了有利的实施例。
按照本发明解决了上述问题，其中发电机被构造成一同心地包围齿轮传动装置的环状发电机。齿轮传动装置/发电机结构较佳地位于与转子相对的塔侧上。
机架必须在它的正面具有一前转子轴承和在它的与前面相对的一侧具有一后转子轴承，这样，就没有转子载荷传送进入齿轮传动装置/发电机结构内。
但是，前转子轴承也能够被构造成直接位于轮毂上和固定于机架的前面的一转矩轴承。通过一铰接的中间轴，再也没有外载荷传送到齿轮传送装置/发电机结构。
齿轮传动装置和发电机较佳地以单独可拆卸的方式连接于机架，以致在任何情况下它们能够单独地沿轴向拆卸和调换。
齿转传动装置可以是一单级行星齿轮传动装置，但是也可以是多级行星齿轮传动装置。齿转传动比可以在1∶6和1∶11之间，从而需要一可在中间速度下旋转的发电机。对于例如15min-1的转子速度，发电机的速度因此为90至165min-1。
齿轮传动装置/发电机结构较佳地设置有冷却翅片，通过冷却翅片该设备的热量可耗散至外部大气。
还可以在机架上设置一升降设备，用于卸下齿轮传动装置/发电机结构。
对于中等速度旋转的发电机的成本和重量，尤其是在如一电磁发电机结构的情况下，有利的是产生了一种带有大直径和短层叠长度的一环形发电机(ringgenerator)形式的短结构。如此，对于发电机具有一适当的自由内径，以便内部安装齿轮传动装置。如果齿轮传动装置是单级行星齿轮传动装置或多级行星齿轮传动装置，技术上和经济上最佳尺寸是使齿轮传动装置外径具有与发电机内径类似的数值。这样，齿轮传动装置和最佳设计的环形发电机能够相互同中心地定位。这结构保证了仅有缓慢转动的零件处在该设备中，这自然使磨损为有限的，失效的可能性也较低。
由于在机架中的安装，转子载荷直接传送进入塔，而没有对齿轮传动装置和发电机加载。同中心定位的齿轮传动装置和发电机相对于塔轴线位于相对于转子的一侧上。如此，这设备相对于垂直安装件产生了对于转子的平衡重量。以这方式可沿轴向拆卸和调换齿轮传动装置和发电机。
沿轴向可拆卸能力连同很紧凑、重量轻的驱动轮系结构构成了决定性的优点，尤其是在大设备情况下。可以单独地调换单个组成部分，而不必拆卸转子。在拆除盖子之后，齿轮传动装置、还有发电机转子和定子能够单独地被拆卸和调换。
对于最外部构件的发电机定子的设计，通过翅片结构可以将发电机的大部分热量耗散到外部大气。公用壳体的内部和齿轮传动装置能够通过又一可选用的有翅片的壳体部分将它们的热量耗散至外部。发电机转子的驱动齿轮传动装置能够装备风扇零件，以便保证在壳体内的必要的空气循环。因此能够产生完全密封的、防止环境影响的齿轮传动装置/发电机设备，它能够通过外壁发散热量。
附图说明
以下参照附图更详细叙述本发明，在附图中：
图1是本发明结构的一第一实施例的剖视图。
图2是本发明结构的一第二实施例的剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中仅仅部分地示出的风动力设备转子诸叶片1驱动了一轮毂3，该轮毂还接受转子产生的所有的另外的力和转矩。通过一前转子轴承和一后转子轴承7安装了一转子轴9，转子载荷被传送到一机架11。
然后，垂直轴承13将载荷传送进入风动力设备塔15。因此，外空气动力载荷和转子的质量载荷被引入塔内，而不必要全部或部分地通过齿轮传动装置或发电机。通过例如一热套环的一连接件17，齿轮传动装置19以反转矩(torque-resistant)方式连接于转子轴9。
相对于一基板25由弹性件23支持齿轮传动装置壳体21。这些弹性件23保持吸收转矩波动，外载荷所产生的结构变形不导致产生齿轮系统或齿轮传动装置中的安装支撑件的载荷。
通过齿轮传动装置的从动轴27，连接齿轮29被驱动和再次被连接至发电机转子31。所述转子31与齿轮传动装置19同中心并包围齿轮传动装置19，并且其直径比齿轮传动装置壳体21的大。连接齿轮29可拆卸地连接于发电机转子31，以便能够拆卸齿轮传动装置19，而不要拆卸发电机转子31。
通过壳体35发电机定子33被固定于机架11上的基板25。由于壳体35的外部有翅片结构37，可以保证定子绕组的热量消散至外部大气。罩壳39密封了整个驱动轮系和随后能够通过外翅片结构41有助于将驱动轮系的热量发散至大气。
图2示出了本发明的一变化型式，其中通过转矩轴承43转子载荷被传送至机架11。转矩轴承43吸收全部外部载荷和仅通过轴9将转矩传送给齿轮传动装置19。因此轴9结构变得很轻。这结构还能够允许个人从机架11通过轴9中的入孔爬入轮毂3内。其它的齿轮传动装置/发电机结构与图1的结构相同。

Claims (10)

1.一种带有一转子(1，3)、一转子轴(9)、一齿轮传动装置(19)和一发电机(31，33)的风动力设备，其特征在于：发电机(31，33)被构成为同中心地包围齿轮传动装置(19)的一环形。
2.按照权利要求1的风动力设备，其特征在于：齿轮传动装置/发电机结构位于相对于转子(1，3)的塔侧。
3.按照权利要求1和2的风动力设备，其特征在于：机架(11)在它的前面具有一前转子轴承(5，43)和在它的与前面相对的一侧具有一后转子轴承(7)。
4.按照以上权利要求的任一项的风动力设备，其特征在于：前转子轴承(43)被构造成直接设置在轮毂上的一转矩轴承。
5.按照以上权利要求的任一项的风动力设备，其特征在于：齿轮传动装置(19)和发电机(31，33)以单独可拆卸的方式连接于机架(11)。
6.按照以上权利要求的任一项的风动力设备，其特征在于：通过诸弹性件(23)将齿轮传动装置(19)连接于机架(11)。
7.按照以上权利要求的任一项的风动力设备，其特征在于：齿轮传动装置(31，33)是一单级行星齿轮传动装置。
8.按照以上权利要求的任一项的风动力设备，其特征在于：齿轮传动装置是一多级行星齿轮传动装置。
9.按照以上权利要求的任一项的风动力设备，其特征在于：发电机是一电磁环形发电机。
10.按照以上权利要求的任一项的风动力设备，其特征在于：齿轮传动装置/发电机结构设置有多个冷却翅片(37，41)。
CNB038218305A 2002-09-13 2003-08-13 带有同心的齿轮传动装置/发电机结构的风动力设备 Expired - Fee Related CN100335777C (zh)

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DE10242707A DE10242707B3 (de) 2002-09-13 2002-09-13 Windenergieanlge mit konzentrischer Getriebe/Generator-Anordnung
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EP (1) EP1537331B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2005538305A (zh)
KR (1) KR101070942B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100335777C (zh)
AT (1) ATE506537T1 (zh)
AU (1) AU2003266121A1 (zh)
DE (2) DE10242707B3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2365395T3 (zh)
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WO2011063586A1 (zh) * 2009-11-27 2011-06-03 山西省平遥减速器厂 风力发电机的传动系统
CN101326700B (zh) * 2006-03-30 2011-07-20 剪式风能公司 用于水力涡轮机和风力涡轮机的发电机
CN102282366A (zh) * 2008-12-17 2011-12-14 维斯塔斯风力系统集团公司 风力涡轮机的驱动轴的收缩盘连接机构
CN102282365A (zh) * 2008-12-19 2011-12-14 罗伯特·博世有限公司 涡轮发电设备
US8172535B2 (en) 2006-06-14 2012-05-08 Nordex Energy Gmbh Wind energy plant with a rotor
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AU2003266121A1 (en) 2004-04-08
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US7179056B2 (en) 2007-02-20
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