CN1681599A - 气体净化装置的改进以及与之相关的改进 - Google Patents

气体净化装置的改进以及与之相关的改进 Download PDF

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CN1681599A
CN1681599A CNA038223635A CN03822363A CN1681599A CN 1681599 A CN1681599 A CN 1681599A CN A038223635 A CNA038223635 A CN A038223635A CN 03822363 A CN03822363 A CN 03822363A CN 1681599 A CN1681599 A CN 1681599A
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gas cleaning
cleaning plant
filter cleaner
described gas
ionizer
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彼得·库克拉
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Per Tec Ltd
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Per Tec Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/0217—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/14—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by the additional use of mechanical effects, e.g. gravity
    • B03C3/155—Filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F01N2230/02—Exhaust filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/06—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an inertial, e.g. centrifugal, device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
    • F01N2260/06—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/10—Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/10—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device for reducing flow resistance, e.g. to obtain more engine power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/0335—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/037—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of inertial or centrifugal separators, e.g. of cyclone type, optionally combined or associated with agglomerators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种气体净化装置(4)，它包括进气口(6)、排气口(8)以及在进气口和排气口之间的流体连通路径(10)，在流体连通路径内具有滤清器(14)和电离装置(16)，该电离装置至少部分位于滤清器内。本发明还公开了一种车辆(3)，在其排气装置(2)的废气流路内安装有这种气体净化装置。

Description

气体净化装置的改进以及与之相关的改进
技术领域
本发明涉及气体净化装置及带有该装置的车辆。
背景技术
内燃机在使用中会产生大量的污染物。含碳污染物尤其是个问题，这是因为其微粒尺寸足以导致严重的健康问题。人们已经作了各种努力来减少废气气流中污染物的含量，主要是净化器燃烧以及使用催化转化器。然而，人们仍希望能进一步降低污染物的含量，并且许多国家正在认识到需要通过立法来减少污染物的排放，立法至少更有利于减少污染物的排放。
已经有人建议在汽车的排气装置中安装污染物清除装置。在这么做的地方，一般是在汽车上，希望相关装置的尺寸保持最小。
本发明的优选实施例的目标在于克服或消除与现有技术有关的问题，无论是在这里提到的问题还是其他问题。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面，提供了一种气体净化装置，它包括进气口、排气口以及在进气口和排气口之间的流体连通路径，在流体连通路径内具有滤清器以及电离装置，该电离装置至少部分位于滤清器内。
使电离装置至少部分位于滤清器内大大节省了空间。
合适的是，电离装置部分位于滤清器内、部分位于滤清器外。合适的是，电离装置的主要部分位于滤清器内。
合适的是，电离装置滤清器的外部固定。合适的是，电离装置包括第一端和第二端，并且仅在第一端处被固定。
合适的是，滤清器包括中空管，电离装置伸入管内。
合适的是，电离装置包括电极。合适的是，该电极包括一根长细丝。
合适的是，滤清器包括滤清器开口，开口的前缘被折回。
合适的是，该装置还包括至少部分位于滤清器内的排气管。合适的是，排气管的入口包括外部截去尖端的圆锥。
合适的是，流体连通路径包括贯穿滤清器的第一路径和远离滤清器的第二路径。合适的是，第二路径通过排气管开口。
合适的是，排气管内还有回流孔，用于将第一流路连接到第二流路上。合适的是，该孔小于排气管的横截面积。
合适的是，滤清器包括与过滤层相邻的导电层。合适的是，导电层位于过滤层的内侧。合适的是，导电层包括透气层。合适的是，导电层包括金属层。合适的是，导电层连接到电源，使得导电层可以被电加热。合适的是，导电层至少部分被涂上导电性能较差的层。
根据本发明的第二方面，提供了一种车辆，它包括一个车辆排气装置，该装置有废气气体流路和位于废气气体流路内的根据本发明第一方面的气体净化装置。
附图说明
下面将参照附图仅通过示例来说明本发明，其中：
图1是带有根据本发明的气体净化装置的车辆排气装置的示意性透视图。
图2是根据本发明第一方面的气体净化装置的正剖视图。
图3是图2的局部放大图，展示了滤清器的开口。
图4是根据本发明第二方面的气体净化装置的正剖视图。
图5是适于和本发明一起使用的电极安装装置的放大的正剖视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，该图展示了车辆3的车辆排气装置2，车辆3通常具有用柴油或汽油做燃料的内燃机。排气装置2带有消音器5。包含在车辆排气装置的废气气体流路内的是本发明的气体净化装置4。气体净化装置4位于消音器5内。
参照图2，气体净化装置4包括一个进气口6、一个排气口8、和一个在进气口6和排气口8之间一般用箭头10表示的流体连通路径。流体连通路径10在进气口6和排气口8之间提供了一个气体流路。
气体流路内是中空的圆柱形管状滤清器滤芯14。沿滤清器滤芯14的纵向轴线延伸到滤清器滤芯14内的是连接到高压电源18上的电极16。同样部分位于滤清器滤芯14内的是通向排气口8的排气管20。
滤清器滤芯14和其他零部件安装在外壳22内并由外壳22支撑。
滤清器滤芯14包括透气的过滤材料24的圆柱形中空管，用于从流过该管的气流中除去(至少部分)污染物。合适的过滤材料是3M提供的NEXTEL(商标)。过滤材料24内部的暴露面包括透气的导电金属层26，金属层26包括多个基本贯穿该层的孔，因此允许气体和微粒自由流动。金属层26涂有一层导电性较差(相对金属层)的涂料，伸入到滤清器滤芯14内的排气管20的内部也涂有该涂料。导电性较差的涂料是有机涂料，它充当电阻涂料。合适的涂料是Camcoat Performance Coatings公司(英国沃灵顿WA5 5LRBewsey工业区127大街)提供的TLHB/02。
在滤清器滤芯14的电极端，金属层26终止于具有折边30的滤清器开口28，在图3中可以更清楚地看出这一点。外壳22包括透气的壁32，滤清器开口28紧固在该壁上。在滤清器滤芯14的出口端，金属层26终止于由陶瓷材料形成的绝缘环34。
从滤清器滤芯14通过外壳22延伸的是电触点36和热电偶38。电触点36连接到12伏(例如车辆电池)的电源37上，用于周期性地加热金属层26，从而烧掉来自过滤材料24的积聚微粒。热电偶38可用于监控废气温度。
排气管20一般为圆柱形的中空管，沿滤清器滤芯14的纵向轴线安装，因此电极16和排气管20基本对齐。排气管20具有一个截去尖端的圆锥形开口40。排气管20通过外壳22延伸到排气口8。
下面说明本发明的实施例图2的操作模式。为了叙述方便，将装置4分成3个单独的腔室，分别为进气室42、滤清器内室44和滤清器外室46。进气室42在气流进入滤清器14之前。滤清器内室44是滤清器14内的容积。滤清器外室46是环绕滤清器14的环形容积，并且在其端部是排气管20的外侧。
在使用中，电极16保持相对较高的直流电压，通常为35kV。由于装置4在车辆废气流内，废气通过进气口6进入装置4的进气室42，然后仅通过滤清器开口28从进气室42进入滤清器14。在此期间，废气停留在进气室42内，并且在滤清器14的上游端，废气及其所携带的微粒位于带电电极16附近，电极16充当电离装置，从而使气流内的大量微粒电离。电离后的微粒被吸引到滤清器滤芯14内部的金属层26上。由于微粒现有的向下游的动量，这就意味着它们有可能沿着滤清器滤芯14流向金属层26。借助微粒具有的并且在某种程度上是由下游总气流携带的动量，微粒通过金属层26，通过多个穿过金属层26的通孔，并进入滤清器滤芯14的过滤材料24，在此它们被捕获并从气流中被清理出去。这样，通过滤清器滤芯14之后，气体中的微粒污染物就被清除，至少是部分清除。
从滤清器内室44排出的其他气体通过排气管20。气体可以自由流入排气管20，但从滤清器内室44自由流入排气管20的气体的微粒浓度可能已经极大地降低，这是因为大量气体已经被电离，并且已经从进入排气管20的中心气流中被吸引出去。
通过滤清器14的气体进入环绕滤清器滤芯14的滤清器外室46，并且可以通过排气管20上的孔48使气流回流到出口。
这样，从进气口6到进气室42、到进入滤清器内室44、到通过滤清器14进入滤清器外室46、到进入排气管20、到通过孔48到达排气口8就形成了第一气流路径。从进气口6到进气室42、到进入滤清器内室44、然后到排气管20并到排气口8就形成了第二气流路径，第二气流路径不通过并且远离滤清器14。这有助于避免背压的过度积累。
有机涂料似乎可防止带电微粒在与金属层26接触时放电。如果它们放电，它们会飘回到主气流内，而不是被过滤。
可以相信该装置能有利地从废气流中去除含碳微粒污染物。
滤清器开口28的折回凸缘30确保有一些物质可介于电极16和滤清器开口28的自由端之间，从而避免在所述自由端处产生电弧，导致电荷集中。
排气管20入口处的截去尖端的圆锥40可使中流的微粒偏向滤清器滤芯14，并避免自由端对准电极16，再次避免产生电弧。
参照图4，除了电极16和排气管20在纵向上的配置有所不同之外，装置4与图2所示的装置基本相似。
参照图5，示出了一种电极安装装置，它适合于本发明上述的两个实施例。陶瓷的电极座50的中心内带有电极16。电极座50沿长度方向上包括多个突起52，从而使短路的危险降至最小。电极16仅有一端被安装在电极座50上。
在使用中，所示的一个或多个装置可以串联或并联使用。单元的总尺寸可调整到适合应用。尽管在上述说明中该装置用在与车辆排气装置有关的用途中，但不难理解该装置也可以用在各种气体净化用途中。本发明的装置不需要去除所有的污染物，也不需要将任何一种污染物全部去除。事实上，一些污染物的浓度可以保持不变。
可对一些零部件及其相对位置进行许多次要的改变。例如，排气管圆锥40的位置可以沿滤清器滤芯14的内部变化；电极16和排气管20之间的距离可以变化；滤清器14的直径和尺寸可相对排气管圆锥40的尺寸和位置变化，排气管圆锥40的偏转角度、孔径和展开情况可以变化；排气管20的长度和直径可以变化；气体回流孔48的尺寸和形状可以变化，并且可以提供多个这样的气体回流孔；过滤材料24的厚度和类型可以变化；滤清器开口28的直径可以等于、大于或小于滤清器直径。
使滤清器14环绕电极16而不是让其作为一个单独的单元位于电极的下游可大大减小装置的尺寸。
读者的注意力被引导到当前和本申请的说明书一起提交的或在本申请之前提交的所有论文和文献，这些论文和文献和本说明书一样是公开的，可供公众查阅，并且其内容被并入此处以作参考。
本说明书(包括所附的任何权利要求、摘要和附图)公开的所有特点、和/或所公开的任何方法或工艺的所有步骤都可以任意组合，除非这些组合中至少有一些特点和/或步骤相互排斥。
本说明书(包括所附的任何权利要求、摘要和附图)公开的每一个特点都可以由起相同、等价或相似作用的其他特点来代替，除非另有说明。这样，除非另有说明，所公开的每一个特点都仅仅是一系列等价的或相似的特点的一个例子。
本发明不局限于上述实施例的细节。本发明延伸到本说明书(包括所附的任何权利要求、摘要和附图)公开的任意一种新颖的特点或各个特点的任何新颖的组合，或者延伸到公开的任何方法或工艺的任意一种新颖的步骤或各个步骤的任何新颖的组合。

Claims (22)

1、一种气体净化装置，包括进气口、排气口以及在进气口和排气口之间的流体连通路径，在流体连通路径内具有滤清器和电离装置，该电离装置至少部分位于该滤清器内。
2、如权利要求1所述的气体净化装置，其中电离装置部分位于滤清器内，部分位于滤清器外。
3、如权利要求2所述的气体净化装置，其中电离装置的主要部分位于滤清器内。
4、如权利要求2或3所述的气体净化装置，其中电离装置在滤清器的外部固定。
5、如权利要求4所述的气体净化装置，其中电离装置包括第一端和第二端，并且仅在第一端处被固定。
6、如上述权利要求中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中滤清器包括中空管，电离装置伸入该管内。
7、如上述权利要求中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中电离装置包括电极。
8、如权利要求7所述的气体净化装置，其中电极包括长细丝。
9、如上述权利要求中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中滤清器包括滤清器开口，开口的前缘被折回。
10、如上述权利要求中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中该装置还包括至少部分位于滤清器内的排气管。
11、如权利要求10所述的气体净化装置，其中排气管的入口包括外部截去尖端的圆锥。
12、如上述权利要求中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中流体连通路径包括贯穿滤清器的第一路径和远离滤清器的第二路径。
13、如权利要求12所述的气体净化装置，其中第二路径通过排气管开口。
14、如上述权利要求中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中排气管内还有回流孔，用于将第一流路连接到第二流路上。
15、如权利要求14所述的气体净化装置，其中该孔小于排气管的横截面积。
16、如上述权利要求中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中滤清器包括与过滤层相邻的导电层。
17、如权利要求16所述的气体净化装置，其中导电层位于过滤层的内侧。
18、如权利要求16或17所述的气体净化装置，其中导电层包括透气层。
19、如权利要求16至18中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中导电层包括金属层。
20、如权利要求16至19中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中导电层连接到电源，使得导电层可以被电加热。
21、如权利要求16至20中任意一项所述的气体净化装置，其中导电层至少部分涂有导电性能较差的层。
22、一种车辆，包括车辆排气装置，该装置有废气气体流路和位于废气气体流路内的根据上述权利要求中任意一项所述的气体净化装置。
CNA038223635A 2002-09-21 2003-09-22 气体净化装置的改进以及与之相关的改进 Pending CN1681599A (zh)

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CN102378642B (zh) * 2009-12-04 2014-07-02 阿兰图姆公司 排气过滤装置
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