CN1671955A - 气体环境中颗粒的静电过滤及转化 - Google Patents

气体环境中颗粒的静电过滤及转化 Download PDF

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CN1671955A
CN1671955A CNA038179504A CN03817950A CN1671955A CN 1671955 A CN1671955 A CN 1671955A CN A038179504 A CNA038179504 A CN A038179504A CN 03817950 A CN03817950 A CN 03817950A CN 1671955 A CN1671955 A CN 1671955A
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吉兰·勒布克德博迪尼斯
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
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    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/025—Combinations of electrostatic separators, e.g. in parallel or in series, stacked separators, dry-wet separator combinations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
    • B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
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    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
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    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
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    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2885—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with exhaust silencers in a single housing
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2230/00—Combination of silencers and other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/04—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/06—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an inertial, e.g. centrifugal, device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/005—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for draining or otherwise eliminating condensates or moisture accumulating in the apparatus
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
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Abstract

本发明涉及一个装置，其包括至少多个电晕效应式电子过滤器，该滤尘器包括发射电极和收集电极。电子过滤器的数量取决于所处理的气流流量，还要考虑到要使通道内流速较慢从而更有效率易于收集颗粒，并且较少的电极会转化为被气流冷却的电阻。收集电极是光滑的且为管状，其既可作为收集器也可作为电阻，且电极布置在收集装置的中央。所述电极与气流通道方向共轴，且可附带有垂直于所要处理气流、油气及雾气的辐条的其它电极。相关的其它装置有例如氧化催化剂、预滤器、后过滤器或者其它的可减少气体、固体、液体污染物以及噪音的装置。本发明装置可以应用但是并不限制于过滤及再生或者回收发动机废气、油雾、水雾、烟、进气、排气，以及通常的所有对环境有害的污染物。

Description

气体环境中颗粒的静电过滤及转化
技术领域
[1]本发明涉及一种气体环境中的颗粒过滤再生装置。
背景技术
[2]该装置的一些非排它的应用为：
[3]-过滤热发动机的废气，以及其它设备的废气：卡车、拖拉机、公共汽车、小汽车、长途汽车、摩托车、火车、轮船、发电机组、飞机以及所有建筑工地用引擎组件。
[4]-过滤空气、油气(gaz)、雾气，以防止其进入或排出，并且也可以保护环境。
[5]已存在多种装置及工艺来处理废气及过滤空气、油气和雾气。需要在物质中采用一个通道来捕获颗粒的氧化催化剂系统以及将颗粒滞留在其收集电极之内或之上的电子过滤器都有很多缺陷，诸如负载损失(pertesde charges)或者负压(contre pression)渐增，需要频繁且昂贵的维护，更换回收耗时，为在低温下再生而使用添加剂，效率因所要处理的流量的通过速率太高而变弱、且因堵塞和多次再生而降低，设备过于庞大以及许多其它缺陷。
[6]本发明的装置克服了这些缺陷。
发明内容
[7]本发明装置包括至少多个电晕效应式电子过滤器，其包括：
[8]-一尺寸与所要处理气流相匹配的壳体，其上具有至少一个所述气流的进口及出口，
[9]-至少一个收集电极支柱，其由一个或多个绝热绝缘板制成，
[10]-至少一个发射电极支柱，
[11]-多个收集电极，其数量足够，从而使所要处理的气流的速度足够低以得到最佳效率，且该收集电极为管状，两端具有开口，其特征在于其交替作为收集电极和加热电阻，所述加热电阻被加热到足够高的温度以燃烧收集到的颗粒，
[12]-一纵向的发射电极，其位于各收集电极的中央。
[13]由于该装置具备的特征：
[14]-所要处理的气流未穿过任何物质，因而既不会产生也不会增加负载损失，
[15]穿过电极的气流速度低，且接近一单向流动并因而保持一非常高的效率。
[16]-因为所要处理的气流流速相当慢，收集电极无需任何添加剂或者大量的电能就可以再生捕获的颗粒，
[17]-无需任何消耗品，
[18]-该装置易于制造且无需使用昂贵的技术，
[19]-颗粒收集效率不受所要处理气流的温度的影响，
[20]-该装置结构紧凑，
[21]因此提供了对装置以及目前所采用工艺存在的固有问题的解决办法。
[22]本发明装置使得可以降低所要处理空气、油气和/或雾气的流速，从而增加了电子过滤及电离的效率。此外，收集电极的温度升高可以在所处理气流流速较低的区域上燃烧捕获的颗粒，从而极大地减小了该操作的能耗，因为该操作优选为自主进行。
[23]为增加该装置的效率，可优选通过设置第二个或多个类似于第一电子过滤器的再生式电子过滤器，且置于第一滤尘器之后。
[24]优选地，发射电极可具有垂直于所要处理气流方向的辐条，且其位于电极中央，以增加颗粒朝收集电极的推力。
[25]为了增加对污染烟气的氧化作用，该装置优选包括一个在滤尘器之前或之后的氧化催化剂系统。其位于该电子过滤器的下游，则避免在上游具有的颗粒阻塞氧化催化剂系统。
[26]优选地，该装置包括一个或多个利用布朗效应的、震动式、液滴分离式、气液分离式、气旋式或者其它可改善所要处理空气、油气或雾气的预滤器和/或精细过滤器。
[27]优选地，该装置的各组件可以进行拆卸。
[28]为了接近、更换或清洁组成该装置的组件，设置一个或多个要处理气流的密封的门孔或活门。
[29]该颗粒过滤再生装置最好包括一个减音器或消声器，特别是用在热力发动机上的情况。
[30]设有紧固点，以满足安装该装置的特定需要。
[31]在某些情况中，特别是当过滤含油空气和/或雾气时，该装置包括抽吸部件，其最好安装在该装置的下游。
[32]当阅读说明书及附图时，可以注意到影响该装置的电子过滤器效率的技术特征如下：
[33]-所要处理的气流流速必须尽可能的低(Deutsch比)，
[34]-较高的电离电压，从而使颗粒上的电荷尽可能的高，进而提高了其移向收集电极的速度，
[35]-收集电极的直径必须很小，从而，颗粒距中央发射电极越远，也就尽可能越靠近收集电极。
附图说明
[36]附图对本发明进行了图示：
[37]-图1是本发明装置的剖面图，
[38]-图2示出从所要处理的气流进入侧看去时电子过滤器的前视图，
[39]-图3是电子过滤器一个组件的详细视图，
[40]-图4示出本发明装置应用在内燃机中的优选实施例，其上部是打开的，
[41]-图5示出应用在一般的通风装置中来过滤空气或雾气的本发明优选实施例的剖面图，
[42]-图6示出用于替换现有的“微粒”、“T.H.E”或者“绝对”型空气过滤器的本发明优选实施例的剖面图。
具体实施方式
[43]参考这些附图，该装置包括一个箱体或壳体，其至少在两个地方开口，以使油气、空气和/或雾气进入入口(11)以进行处理，并且在处理后从出口(12)排出。
[44]在箱体内安置有电子过滤器，该电子过滤器包括一个用于收集电极的支柱(2)，优选为绝热和绝缘的。该支柱包括多个收集电极(4)，其也称为正极，且为直径尽可能小的金属管状体(建议直径在15mm至35mm之间)，推荐长度不超过直径的三倍。这些电极接地(13)(-接在直流电的电池上)或者在交流电源的操作装置上接地。所述电极还通过同一线路或者其它的线路连接到一个电源(8)上，该电源可以在几秒钟内将一个或多个收集电极加热到600℃，从而可使电极上收集到的颗粒燃烧。此过程接连发生在所有收集电极上，并阶段性地或者连续地更新，这由一个时间控制器(定时器)或者由操作者的参与来进行控制。
[45]这些电子过滤器还包括一个用于发射电极的支柱(3)，优选为绝热和绝缘的。该支柱最好定位在收集电极支柱之后，承载发射电极，从而使其处于由收集电极形成的管中央。这些电极在所要处理气流进入的一侧上的端部优选为尖的。最好在所述发射电极上紧固有辐条(6)，以收集从管部区域气流中逃逸的颗粒。这些发射电极通过电线(14)连接，这些电线提供了滤尘器正常运转所需的电压。该电压优选由一个可提供1kV到30kV稳定高压的变压器或换流器产生，优选为负极，是可调的且具有尽可能高的安培数。
[46]提供特定的连接来组装收集/再生电极(9)和发射电极(10)的线路。
[47]为了增加加工效率，可以在第一电子过滤器组件之后安装一个或多个上述组件(15)(图1)。
[48]在所处理气流的入口处，优选用一个导流片(16)来引导气流流到腔室(17)中，从而使各管状电子过滤器中的速度相同。气流穿过电子过滤器时的速度不应超过3米/秒，且最好低于2.5米/秒。
[49]优选地，在该电子过滤器的后面设置一个减音器或消声器，特别是在滤尘器用于替代热力发动机的消声器时。此应用也可以包括一个气体氧化催化剂(19)或者任意其它的可减小污染的装置。该组件最好位于电子过滤器之后。
[50]优选地，可以安装一个或多个利用布朗效应的惯性式、震动式、液滴分离式(séparateurs de gouttelettes)、气液分离过滤式(dévésiculeurs)、气旋式或者任何其它可用来改善所要处理空气、油气或雾气的预滤器。
[51]在本发明上可以连有一个所要处理气流的提取系统或者进入系统例如通风口(23)或其它系统。
[52]在该装置上可以附加有一个收集到的或燃烧后的物质例如油、水、灰等的排出装置(22)。
[53]所有封在箱体或壳体内的组件构成了一个围框，其优选置于导槽(23)、导板或者其它装置中，以使其可以方便、迅速和密封地取出或安放就位。
[54]设置一个或多个检修或观察孔洞或活门(24)，以便在清洁特定组件的接近是必需的情况下，进行清洁包括本发明的组件。
[55]气液分离过滤器是指：从气体环境中分离液滴的过滤器。

Claims (17)

1.空气、油气或者雾气中颗粒的过滤和再生装置，其特征在于，其包括
-电晕效应式电子过滤器组件，该组件包括：
-多个管状收集电极(4)，其成为位于一耐热支柱(2)上的周期性的电阻，且与地线或地面及一电气产品相连，从而使其可以被单独加热，或者同时多个一起加热，
-与所述收集电极(4)同样多的的发射电极(5)，其位于各收集电极的中央，且固定在一支柱(3)上，对于直流电所述支柱(3)与地线绝缘，而对于交流电所述支柱(3)与地面隔绝。
2.按照权利要求1所述的过滤回收装置，其特征在于，所述的发射电极指向所要处理的气流(5)的方向。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的过滤回收装置，其特征在于，所述的发射电极由垂直于所要处理气流的发射电极实现，从而构成一个或多个以所述收集电极延长线为轴的辐条(6)。
4.按照权利要求1所述的过滤回收装置，其特征在于，所述的收集电极支柱(2)是介电的。
5.按照权利要求1至4中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，它包括一壳体(1)或箱体。
6.按照权利要求1至5中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括一第二个或多个另外的再生电子过滤器(15)。
7.按照权利要求1至6中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括一减音器或消声器(18)。
8.按照权利要求1至7中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括一气体氧化催化剂(19)。
9.按照权利要求1至8中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括一固体或液体颗粒容纳区域的排空系统(22)。
10.按照权利要求1至9中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括一门孔、活门或盖(24)，以便可接近、清洁、拆卸或安装各组件。
11.按照权利要求1至10中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括一个或多个利用布朗效应或震动效应的惯性式、液滴分离式、气液分离式、气旋式或者其它可改善所要处理空气、油气或雾气的预滤器(20)。
12.按照权利要求1至11中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括一个或多个利用布朗效应或震动式效应的、液滴分离式的、气液分离式的、气旋式的或者其它可提高并保证处理效率的精细过滤器(21)。
13.按照权利要求1至12中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括一要处理的气流的入口(11)和一处理过的气流的出口(12)。
14.按照权利要求1至12中任一项所述装置的应用，其特征在于，该装置可用于过滤一机动式或非机动式的热力发动机的废气。
15.按照权利要求1至12中任一项所述装置的应用，其特征在于，该装置用于对从一带有颗粒的区域排出的空气、油气和/或雾气进行过滤。
16.按照权利要求1至12中任一项所述装置的应用，其特征在于，该装置用于对进入一要保护的不受污染区域的空气、油气和/或雾气进行过滤。
17.按照权利要求1至12中任一项所述装置的应用，其特征在于，该装置对一带有颗粒的区域再生的空气、油气和/或雾气进行过滤。
CNA038179504A 2002-06-26 2003-06-24 气体环境中颗粒的静电过滤及转化 Pending CN1671955A (zh)

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