CN1646759A - 具有改进的化学耐久性和稳定性的弹力织物 - Google Patents
具有改进的化学耐久性和稳定性的弹力织物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
用一种或多种非弹性纤维和一种或多种弹性纤维制成和加工的耐久弹力织物,例如,完全线性、均匀支化乙烯聚合物。可以用任何方法制备该织物,如,机织、针织等,并可以用任何交联耐热烯烃弹性和非弹性(“硬的”)纤维联合制备该织物,例如,棉和羊毛。这些织物呈现出优良的化学耐久性(如耐氯或耐碱)和稳定性,也就是说在重复暴露于操作条件如石洗、染色退色、PET-染色等和使用条件如洗涤、干燥等后,它们仍然保持它们的形状和感觉(“手感”)。
Description
发明背景及概述
本发明涉及弹力织物。一方面,本发明涉及包含合成纤维和天然纤维的弹力织物,而另一方面,本发明涉及包含耐染色和热定型处理的交联耐热弹性纤维的织物。该交联耐热弹性纤维用在各种耐用的或重复使用的织物中,如,但并不仅限于此,衣服、内衣、运动服和室内装饰。利用公知的技术可以容易的将该交联耐热弹性纤维制成织物,例如,用与棉、尼龙和/或聚酯纤维的共编技术。
如果施加一位移力后材料具有高百分率的弹性回复(即,低百分率的永久变形),那么该材料的显著特征在于弹性。理论上,弹性材料的特征在于三个重要的性质的结合,即,(i)低百分率的永久变形,(ii)低应力应变或载荷应变,和(iii)低百分率的应力松弛或载荷松弛。换句话说,是(i)拉伸该材料,要求低应力或载荷,(ii)一旦该材料被拉伸,无需或低松弛的应力或卸载,和(iii)停止拉伸、位移或变形后,对原始尺寸的完全回复或高回复。
为了应用于耐用织物,制成该织物的纤维必须在,特别是在,染色和热定型处理中具有稳定性。对于在染色和热定型条件下保持稳定的聚烯烃纤维,它必须是交联的。这些纤维可以用许多不同方法中的一个或更多方法来交联,例如,e-电子束或UV辐照、硅烷或迭氮化物处理、过氧化物等,一些方法用于特殊成分纤维时好于其他的方法。例如,在惰性气氛中辐照的聚烯烃纤维(相对于在空气中辐照)在染色过程中倾向于高度稳定(即,该纤维不会熔融或熔合在一起)。添加受阻酚和受阻胺稳定剂的混合物能进一步稳定热定型条件下(200-2100C)的所述纤维。
莱卡(Lycra),为杜邦公司(E.I.du Pont de Nemours Company)制造的嵌段聚氨酯弹性材料,已普遍地用在各种耐久弹力织物中。然而,Lycra在用于聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维的特有的高热定型温度(200-210℃)下是不稳定的。此外,与普通的未交联的聚烯烃基弹性材料相似,当经受如在洗涤、烘干和熨烫中遇到的升高的使用温度时,Lycra织物趋向于丢失它们的完整性、形状和弹性。如果这样,在与高温纤维如聚酯纤维的共编中就不能容易地使用Lycra。
已发现可以制成能够经受其它弹力织物所不能经受的处理的弹力织物。本发明的独特的织物可以经受一种或更多种下述处理:a)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于10重量%的次氯酸钠溶液中至少90分钟;b)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于5重量%的高锰酸盐溶液中至少90分钟;c)在至少65℃的温度下工业洗涤50次;d)利用AATCC检测方法158用全氯乙烯干洗20次;或e)在至少大约60℃的碱性条件(28-33波美度或大约20%NaOH或更高)下进行60秒或更长时间的丝光处理;其中“经受”是指处理后的织物呈现出少于大约20%的增长,优选少于大约10%,更优选少于大约8%。
附图简要说明
图1是四个包含AFFINITY乙烯/1-辛烯共聚物纤维的厚重粗斜纹(Denim)棉织物样品的照片。对每个样品进行不同的石洗方案,即,第一个(或顶部)样品进行仿旧洗涤,第二个样品进行仿古洗涤,第三个样品进行破坏洗涤,以及第四个(或底部)样品进行漂白洗涤。洗涤方案后的每个样品的拉伸性与洗涤方案前的拉伸性基本相同。在第一或顶部样品的顶端的深蓝色补片是石洗前的各个样品的颜色。
图2是经五个月穿着测试后的Speedo泳衣的扫描电子显微(SEM)图像。该泳衣是用耐氯Lycratm纤维制造的具有经编结构的经编针织物。
图3是在增大放大倍数的情况下显示图2泳衣线圈结构的SEM图像。
图4是经四个月穿着测试后的Speedo泳衣的SEM图像。该泳衣是用交联的AFFINITY乙烯/1-辛烯共聚纤维制造的具有纬编单面结构的针织物。
图5是在增大放大倍数的情况下显示图4泳衣线圈结构的SEM图像。
优选实施方式的描述
一方面本发明是能够经受恶劣处理的弹性制品如包含耐热交联弹性纤维和非弹性纤维的织物或制成衣物。在一实施方式中,该制品是由一种或多种交联耐热烯烃弹性纤维制造或加工的耐久弹力织物。该织物可以用任何方法来制备,例如,机织、针织等,并可由弹性和非弹性(“硬的”)纤维联合制备。这些织物表现出优良的化学耐久性和稳定性,如耐氯,例如,它们在重复暴露于如洗涤、干燥等使用条件后可以保持它们的形状和感觉(“手感”)。例如,一实施方式中的制品(如织物或制成衣物)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于5重量%的高锰酸盐溶液中至少90分钟后具有不超过大约10%的弹性变化和/或保持不大于大约50%的增长,更优选不大于大约20%的增长,更优选不大于大约10%的增长以及最优选不大于大约8%的增长。在另一实施方式中,该制品在至少140°F的温度下暴露于10重量%的次氯酸钠溶液中至少90分钟后保持至少大约10%的弹性和/或不大于50%的增长,更优选不大于20%的增长,最优选不大于大约10%的增长。在又一实施方式中,该制品在至少65℃的温度下经受50次工业洗涤的处理。在又一实施方式中,该制品经受利用AATCC检测方法158用全氯乙烯干洗20次。在又一实施方式中,该制品经受在至少大约60℃的碱性条件(28-33波美度或大约20%NaOH或更高)下进行的60秒或更长时间的丝光处理。优选该制品可以经受两种或更多种这些处理的联合处理。也优选该制品在一种或更多种这些处理的联合处理中能够经受石洗。
弹性纤维优选交联耐热烯烃弹性纤维。这些纤维包括乙烯聚合物、丙稀聚合物和全氢化苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(也称作催化改性聚合物)。该乙烯聚合物包括均匀支化和充分线性均匀支化的乙烯聚合物如乙烯-苯乙烯互聚物。该织物的其它纤维可以广泛的改变,它们实际上包括所有已知的天然和合成纤维,特别是非弹性纤维。这些其他纤维通常为棉、羊毛、丝、尼龙、聚酯等。通常交联耐热烯烃纤维在织物重量上占少数。
本发明的织物包括如下织物(i)石洗的弹力棉织物,(II)染色退色弹力尼龙织物,(iii)加光着色、染色弹力聚酯(如PET)织物,(iv)干洗的弹力织物(如,暴露于全氯乙烯中的织物),和(v)接触氯或溴的包含聚酯、尼龙和棉中的一种或多种的弹力织物。已知所有这些织物要求用可能会降解大多数常规弹力织物的化学药品和条件来进行恶劣和严格的加工,这些传统弹力织物的降解是因为这些化学药品和条件能降解这些织物组分中的弹性纤维。然而,本发明的织物包含显著抵抗这种降解的弹性纤维,因此包含这些纤维的织物显现出惊人的稳定性和化学耐久性。
“纤维”是指其长度与直径的比率大于大约10的材料。纤维特有地根据它的直径来分类。长丝纤维通常被定义为单纤维直径大于大约15旦的纤维,通常大于大约30旦。细旦纤维通常指直径小于大约15旦的纤维。微细纤维通常被定义为直径小于大约100微旦的纤维。
与确定长度的不连续丝束材料的“切段纤维”(如,被切断或以另外方式分成预定长度片断的丝束)相比,“长丝纤维”或“单丝纤维”指不确定长度的单根、连续丝束材料。
在此所用的术语“耐热”是指形成纤维的弹性聚合物或弹性聚合物组合物通过此间所描述的高温热定型和染色检测的能力。
用于织物或制品“经受”特殊处理的术语“经受”是指在进行特殊处理后,织物显现出在经向和纬向小于20%的增长,优选小于大约10%,更优选小于大约8%。
术语“增长”是指在一定时间内施加载荷并允许其回复后的织物残余伸长,或织物的延长,表示为原始织物尺寸的百分率。用ASTMD3107测定增长。
术语“处理”是指下述的一种或多种a)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于10重量%的次氯酸钠溶液中至少90分钟;b)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于5重量%的高锰酸盐溶液中至少90分钟;c)在至少65℃的温度下工业洗涤50次;d)利用AATCC检测方法158用全氯乙烯干洗20次;或e)在至少大约60℃的碱性条件(28-33波美度或大约20%NaOH或更高)下进行60秒或更长时间的丝光处理。
术语“弹力制品”指成型物品,而术语“弹性材料”通常指聚合物、共混聚合物、聚合物组合物、制品、部件或物品。
“弹性”是指在第一次拉伸后以及第四次达到100%变形(双倍长度)后,纤维将回复拉伸长度的至少大约50%。弹性也可以用纤维的“永久变形”描述。永久变形是弹性的对立面。纤维被拉伸至固定点并持续释放到拉伸前的原始位置,然后再次拉伸。纤维开始拉动载荷的点被指定为永久变形百分比。在现有技术中“弹性材料”也被称为“弹性体”和“弹性体的”。弹性材料(有时称为弹力制品)包括聚烯烃聚合物如,但并不仅限于,聚烯烃聚合物形成的纤维、薄膜、条、带、丝带、片材、涂层、模制品等。优选的弹性材料是纤维。该弹性材料可以固化或不固化,辐射或不辐射,和/或交联或不交联。为获得热可逆性,弹性纤维必须充分的交联或固化。为达到本发明的目的,弹力制品是包含弹性纤维的制品。
“非弹性材料”是指不具有前述定义的弹性的材料,如纤维。
用于本发明的适当的纤维在US 6,437,014中已公开。如该参考文献所述,所述纤维可以用现有技术中很多已知的方法制备,例如熔喷法或纺粘法。同样地,如US 6,437,014所传授的,该纤维可以用许多不同的材料来制备,包括乙烯-α烯烃互聚物、全氢化嵌段聚合物、苯乙烯丁二烯苯乙烯嵌段聚合物、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段聚合物、乙烯苯乙烯互聚物、聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚氨酯以及它们的混合物。在该参考文献中描述的交联均匀支化聚合物,特别是充分线性乙烯聚合物,尤其适用于制备本发明的制品。
这些纤维可以单独使用也可以与非弹性纤维如棉、羊毛、或合成材料如聚酯或尼龙联合制成纱线。这些纤维,无论是单独使用还是与其它材料联合制成纱线,都可以单独或与其它纱线一起制成本发明的织物。本发明的织物可以根据已知的制作方法制备,如机织或针织。因为目前处理粗斜纹(Denim)棉布的许多通用的方法对现有的弹力织物来说过于恶劣,本发明优选的织物是粗斜纹棉布。因而,由本发明的弹力织物制成的粗斜纹棉布能够经受这些通用的处理。
本发明的织物可用于制作衣物。可以有利地用本发明的织物制成的衣物的例子包括泳衣和制服,特别是常遭受工业洗烫的出租制服。
下述的实施例用来说明本发明,但并不仅限于此。除另有说明外,比率、份数和百分率以重量计。
试验
纤维说明:由e-电子束(19.2mrad)交联的140旦Dow AFFINITY乙烯-辛烯共聚物(MI 3g/10min,密度0.875g/cc)制成的纤维
普通弹性合成纤维
织物说明:3×1RHT(右斜纹织物);100%棉经纱,94%棉/6%交联AFFINITY纬纱。
实施例1:石洗
石头为直径大约在2-4英寸范围内的白色pumas石。在测试前将石头在化学溶液中浸渍两(2)小时。
石洗/脱色-次氯酸盐分子式
工序 | 浴比 | 水温(F) | 时间(分钟) | 化学药品数量 | 化学药品 | 注释 |
石洗/次氯酸盐 | 10∶1 | 140 | 90 | 10%溶液5.25%有效Cl(浸渍石头) | 次氯酸钠 | 石头对织物的比率为3∶1 |
排水/漂洗 | 10∶1 | 170 | 10 | 漂洗 | ||
中和 | 10∶1 | 170 | 20 | 0.5g/l | 二亚 |
硫酸钠 | ||||||
排水/漂洗 | 热漂洗冷漂洗 | |||||
干燥 | 转筒干燥低 |
石洗/脱色-高锰酸盐分子式
工序 | 浴比 | 水温(F) | 时间(分钟) | 化学药品数量 | 化学药品 | 注释 |
石洗/ 高 锰酸钾 | 10∶1 | 140 | 90 | 5%溶液(浸渍石头) | 高锰酸钾 | 石头对织物的比率为3∶1 |
排水/漂洗 | 10∶1 | 170 | 10 | 漂洗 | ||
中和 | 10∶1 | 170 | 20 | 0.5g/l | 二亚硫酸钠 | |
排水/漂洗 | 热漂洗冷漂洗 | |||||
干燥 | 转筒干燥低 |
测试结果:
为获知石洗在弹性合成纤维上的效果,对包含弹性合成纤维的弹力粗斜纹布样品与包含AFFINITY纤维的弹力粗斜纹布样品同时进行测试。尽管不能直接比较两块织物的性质(织物具有稍微不同的结构),但是数据显示了弹性合成纤维基粗斜纹布的性能降解以及AFFINITY基粗斜纹布的性能保持。
测试程序 | AFFINITY粗斜纹布 | 弹性合成纤维粗斜纹布 | ||
长度 | 宽度 | 长度 | 宽度 | |
石洗、氯漂后的织物尺寸变化(AATCC135) | -2.2% | -1.6% | 4.9% | -10.2% |
石洗、高锰酸盐作用后的织物尺寸变化(AATCC135)伸长和回复比较(ASTM D6614) | -2.6%伸长 | -1.7%增长 | -5.1%伸长 | -10.5%增长 |
原始样品 | 7.0% | 2.9% | 17.3% | 4.5% |
1x石洗、氯漂后 | 7.3% | 3.5% | 28.3% | 8.0% |
1x石洗、高锰酸盐作用后 | 7.5% | 3.5% | 29.9% | 10.1% |
包含AFFINITY纤维的粗斜纹织物在拉伸性质上没有任何重大的变化。当商业上可获得的包含弹性合成纤维的弹力织物经受次氯酸盐和高锰酸盐洗涤时,它呈现出了在拉伸性质和尺寸稳定性上的恶化。
实施例2:退色剂
用1g/l次硫酸钠进行化学还原(染色退色),100℃/212°F,1小时:
染色退色是从织物上化学去除颜色、进行再染色的过程。用通常用作染色退色剂的次硫酸钠进行这个试验。由于公开的研究已表明弹性体纤维局部对染色退色的一些敏感性。因此相比不能经受退色浴的纤维,染色者优选加工能够经受退色浴的纤维。
纤维说明:由e-电子束(32mrad)交联的70旦Dow AFFINITY EG8200(MI 5g/10min,密度0.870g/cc)制成的纤维
Dupont Lycra 70旦
Dupont Lycra-耐氯70旦
纤维检测数据
AFFINITY | Lydra | Lycra-耐氯 | |
处理后的最终伸长(%) | 276.68 | 334.94 | 297.26 |
与原始样品的%差异 | -16% | -23% | -28% |
处理后的断裂载荷(g) | 32.35 | 49.21 | 47.37 |
与原始样品的%差异 | -53 | -43 | -33 |
实施例3:游泳池水
100ppm次氯酸钠(氯漂),50℃/120°F,24小时:
进行该加快测试是因为氯酸离子是纺织品漂白及造成纤维损坏的原因,而且它也是游泳池水引起纤维降解的首要原因。通过强度测试发现氯的水平约略等于导致每周三次穿着5个月后的耐氯Lycra泳衣失败的接触量。
纤维说明:由e-电子束(32mrad)交联的70旦Dow AFFINITY EG8200(MI 5g/10min,密度0.870g/cc)制成的纤维
Dupont Lycra 70旦
Dupont Lycra-耐氯70旦
AFFINITY | Lydra | Lycra-耐氯 | |
处理后的最终伸长(%) | 250.23 | 125.83 | 206.50 |
与原始样品的 | -24% | -71% | -50% |
%差异 | |||
处理后的断裂载荷(g) | 38.46 | 2.12 | 15.19 |
与原始样品的%差异 | -44% | -98% | -79% |
实施例4:穿着测试
纤维说明:由e-电子束(32mrad)交联的70旦Dow AFFINITY EG8200(MI 5g/10min,密度0.870g/cc)制成的纤维
由尼龙和常规Lycra弹性合成纤维的双梳栉经编织物制成的Speedo衣物显示出弹性合成纤维的组分几乎完全分解。此外,购买包含耐氯Lycra弹性合成纤维的新的Speedo衣物,用纬编聚酯(大约88重量%)/Dow AFFINITY纤维(大约12重量%)织物构成泳衣。
5个月的穿着测试后,耐氯衣物显示出局部降解。扫描电子显微(SEM)图像(图2和3)揭示该降解只包括重度降解的弹性合成纤维长丝而尼龙长丝则未受影响。
与耐氯弹性合成纤维相比,包含在经过四个月穿着试验的相似泳衣中的交联AFFINITY弹性纱线未呈现出降解(图4和5)。目前没有发现AFFINITY衣物明显的变大并且已发现当暴露于氧化锌防晒乳、防晒洗液和油时,除聚酯纱线的染污趋向外该衣物保持了各方面的功能。
完成穿着试验后,用机洗/温转筒干燥低循环洗涤AFFINITY衣物。由于去除了穿着试验中累积的污迹和灰尘,该衣物在外观上得到改善。洗涤后,该衣物继续具有良好的合身性未产生放大或过缩。
实施例5:洗烫
含有AFFINITY交联纤维的织物的拉伸性质:
织物说明:3×1LHT(左斜纹织物);100%尼龙T-66经纱,84%棉/16%e-电子束(22.4mrad)交联的70旦Dow AFFINITY BG 8200(MI5g/10min,密度0.870g/cc)纬纱。
洗烫方法 | 条件 | 织物伸长,%纬纱方向(ASTM-D-6614-00) | ||
1次 | 25次 | 50次 | ||
MWH TDH SIM | AATCC测试方法135·热机洗(正常循环,12分钟),140°F·高温转筒干燥,160°F·中温蒸汽熨烫,300°F | 66.6 | 70.2 | 73.0 |
MWH TDH SIM用氯(CLOROX) | AATCC测试方法135·热机洗(正常循环,12分钟),140°F°F·高温转筒干燥,160°F·中温蒸汽熨烫,300°F | 65.0 | 70.1 | 74.6 |
MWH TDH SIM非氯漂(CLOROX2) | AATCC测试方法135·热机洗(正常循环,12分钟),140°F°F·高温转筒干燥,160°F·中温蒸汽熨烫,300°F | 64.1 | 66.4 | 71.0 |
前述表中的数据证明1到50次循环中该织物经历了极小的变化。
尽管通过上述的实施方式对本发明进行了非常详细的描述,但是该详述是为了说明的目的。如下述权利要求的描述,不背离本发明的精神和范围的一些变更和改进都在本发明的范围之内。上述引用的所有美国专利和允许的美国专利申请也在此列出。
实施例6:工业洗烫:
织物说明:2×1右斜纹织物;65%/35%聚酯/棉经纱;96%棉/4%XLA纬纱纱线
用连续的热溶染色联合机制备、染色和整理织物。加工过程中的最高温度为440°F。将整理后的织物裁剪、缝制成裤腿并在65℃进行工业熨烫。在5、10、20、30、40和50次循环后测量织物的拉伸和尺寸稳定性。在重复循环的工业洗烫后织物的拉伸和尺寸稳定性未表现出显著的变化。
洗烫数据
DOW XLA基织物的热溶胶染色
洗烫数据
DOW XLA基织物的热溶胶染色
实施例7:干洗
织物说明:平织条纹织物;100%棉经纱;94%/6%棉/XLA纬纱
在连续的联合机内制备和整理织物。加工过程中的最高温度为365°F。将整理后的织物裁剪并缝成管状物。此外,购买含有弹力合成纤维的条纹衬衫用于比较。用全氯乙烯作为溶剂对衬衫和管状物进行重复干洗。3、5和20次循环干洗后测量拉伸和增长。在重复干洗后XLA织物的织物拉伸和增长没有重大变化。然而,弹力合成纤维在20次干洗后表现出了过大的增长。
干洗对%拉伸和%增长的影响
Claims (20)
1.一种能够经受处理的耐久弹力制品,其中所述处理选自下述群组:
a)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于10重量%的次氯酸钠溶液中至少90分钟;
b)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于5重量%的高锰酸盐溶液中至少90分钟;
c)在至少大约65℃的温度下工业洗涤50次;
d)用全氯乙烯干洗20次;或
e)丝光处理;
其中经受是指处理后的织物呈现出少于20%的增长。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中增长少于10%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中增长少于8%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制品能够进一步经受两种或更多种上述处理。
5.根据权利要求3所述的织物,其中所述织物是石洗织物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述织物包含含有交联的均匀支化乙烯聚合物的纤维。
7.根据权利要求1所述的织物,其中所述织物是机织物或针织物。
8.根据权利要求1所述的织物制成的制成制品。
9.根据权利要求1所述的织物制成的衣物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的衣物,其中所述衣物为泳衣。
11.一种由弹力织物制成的处理后的衣物,其中所述处理选自下述群组:
a)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于10重量%的次氯酸钠溶液中至少90分钟;
b)在至少140°F的温度下暴露于5重量%的高锰酸盐溶液中至少90分钟;
c)在至少大约65℃的温度下工业洗涤50次;
d)用全氯乙烯干洗20次;和
e)丝光处理;
其中所述衣物呈现出不超过大约20%的增长。
12.根据权利要求11所述的衣物,其中在制成织物之前对纤维进行所述处理。
13.根据权利要求11所述的衣物,其中在缝制成衣物之前对织物进行所述处理。
14.根据权利要求11所述的衣物,其中对制成制品进行所述处理。
15.根据权利要求11所述的衣物,其中所述处理包括上述组中的两种或更多种处理。
16.根据权利要求11所述的衣物,其中所述衣物为泳衣。
17.根据权利要求11所述的衣物,其中所述织物为粗斜纹布。
18.根据权利要求11所述的衣物,其中所述衣物为制服。
19.根据权利要求18所述的衣物,其中所述制服为出租的制服。
20.根据权利要求11所述的衣物,其中所述衣物由包含由均匀支化乙烯聚合物制成的纤维的织物制成。
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US36312702P | 2002-03-11 | 2002-03-11 | |
US60/363,127 | 2002-03-11 |
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CN100564659C CN100564659C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
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US (2) | US20050164577A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1485531A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100564659C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003218113A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI294939B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2003078723A1 (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20100024134A1 (en) | 2010-02-04 |
TW200304516A (en) | 2003-10-01 |
WO2003078723A1 (en) | 2003-09-25 |
US20050164577A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
AU2003218113A1 (en) | 2003-09-29 |
TWI294939B (en) | 2008-03-21 |
EP1485531A1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
US7727286B2 (en) | 2010-06-01 |
CN100564659C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
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