CN1644041A - Culturing method for semi-smooth tongue sole offspring breed - Google Patents
Culturing method for semi-smooth tongue sole offspring breed Download PDFInfo
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- CN1644041A CN1644041A CNA2005100423651A CN200510042365A CN1644041A CN 1644041 A CN1644041 A CN 1644041A CN A2005100423651 A CNA2005100423651 A CN A2005100423651A CN 200510042365 A CN200510042365 A CN 200510042365A CN 1644041 A CN1644041 A CN 1644041A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
A method for culturing the fry of half-smooth tongue-sole features that it includes prophase culture, anaphase culture and fry culture and their hydrological environments are controlled respective to increase the survival rate of fry.
Description
Technical field the present invention relates to the offspring seed cultivation method of a kind of Soleidae fish, specifically, is a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Cynoglossus semilaevis.Belong to the aquaculture field in the ocean engineering.
Background technology Cynoglossus semilaevis (Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther) belongs to Pleuronectiformes, Cynoglossidae.Owing to fine and tender taste, delicious flavour are liked by consumers in general, be the very high famous and precious fingerling of a kind of economic worth.Cynoglossus semilaevis is lived all the year round and is perched the greater coasting area in China, and wide warm, the wide salt of tool, the characteristics that the food level is low are one of fingerlings that are considered to desirable breed, propagation, and the production of its scale has been subjected to the very big attention of social each side.
Though domestic and international many scientific research institutions, universities and colleges, business unit etc. repeatedly carried out the semi-smooth tongue sole offspring breed culture experiment research of different scales and degree, all because of to knowledge of biological deficiencies such as the ecology of this fish, physiology, do not obtain satisfied result, cultivating survival rate and juvenile fish survival rate are all on the low side.The large-scale production of Cynoglossus semilaevis is unable to reach always.
Summary of the invention technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Cynoglossus semilaevis, cultivates regulation and control raising cultivating survival rate and the juvenile fish survival rate of three phases to hydrological environment by cultivation in early stage, later stage cultivation and juvenile fish.
In order to address the above problem, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme.
A kind of offspring seed cultivation method of Cynoglossus semilaevis,
Wherein, (1), cultivates early stage: hatch back 3 days prelarva, put in a suitable place to breed in aquarium, adopted hydrostatic to cultivate in the first to the 12 day that cultivates, and changed water every day 1 time, the excursion of water temperature is between 20.0-25.0 ℃, cultivate beginning during back second day and the 4th day variations in temperature bigger, the temperature difference reaches 2.5 ℃, and PH fluctuates between 7.3-8.4, and the dissolved oxygen scope is 3.90-4.37mg/l;
(2), the later stage cultivates: fry is put in a suitable place to breed in the pond by certain density, every day Timing water supply, quantity of exchanged water is 1/2-2/3, not timing is carried out removing contamination at the bottom of the pond, inflates every day 4 times, each 30 minutes, the bait throwing in number of times was increased to 3 times/day gradually by 2 times/day; Water temperature is controlled between 8-21 ℃, PH7.90-8.40, and dissolved oxygen 3.03-5.90mg/l, illumination maintains 500lux;
(3), juvenile fish cultivates: water temperature is controlled between 8-21 ℃, PH7.90-8.40, dissolved oxygen 3.03-5.90mg/l, illumination maintains 500lux.
By implementing this scheme, young postlarva survival rate is brought up to 8.3%--22.4% by the 4-5% of commonsense method; The juvenile fish survival rate is brought up to more than 60% by about 40%.
Embodiment
The seed rearing test is divided into three phases: cultivate early stage, and the later stage cultivates and juvenile fish is cultivated.Breeding phase started from prelarva and hatched back first day early stage, and the long 2.47mm of prelarva average body ends in the 19 day after the cultivation, and prelarva develops into postlarva, and average body reaches 10.55mm.At the later stage breeding phase, made young fish length 10.40-10.70mm in 19 days, grew 58-60 days, body reaches 23.4.-24.7mm, becomes postlarva.The 3rd breeding phase is the juvenile fish breeding phase.Made postlarva grow to the 80th day in 60 days, body reaches 28.00-28.30mm, enters young stage.
The seed culture experiment adopts basic bait series: in earlier stage: wheel animalcule---copepoda; Later stage: wheel animalcule+copepoda---wheel animalcule+copepoda+artemia larvae---halogen worm+fish gruel; Young stage: halogen worm and shellfish meat gruel+fish meat emulsion.
(1), cultivates early stage
Hatch back 3 days prelarva, putting in a suitable place to breed in capacity by density shown in the table 1 is 6 glass aquariums (19 of 120L water body
#, 16
#15
#14
#13
#17
#) in.Adopted hydrostatic to cultivate, and changed water every day 1 time in the first to the 12 day that cultivates.Change water time 4 points how in the afternoon.Quantity of exchanged water is increased to 1/2 gradually from the every day 1/4 of beginning, after 12 days, adopt micro-artesian water system, quantity of exchanged water with the excursion of water temperature between 20.0-25.0 ℃, cultivate beginning during back second day and the 4th day variations in temperature bigger, the temperature difference reaches 2.5 ℃, and PH fluctuates between 7.3-8.4, and the dissolved oxygen scope is 3.90-4.37mg/l.
Table 1: seed culture experiment information slip in early stage
| Case number (CN) | ??19 | ??16 | ??15 | ??14 | ??13 | ??17 | ??12 | ??1 | ??2 |
| Incubator | The glass aquarium | With a left side | With a left side | With a left side | With a left side | With a left side | With a left side | With a left side | With a left side |
| Cultivate water body (L) | ??120 | ??120 | ??120 | ??120 | ??120 | ??120 | ??120 | ??120 | ??120 |
| Brooding time (my god) | ??3 | ??3 | ??3 | ??3 | ??3 | ??3 | ??7 | ??7 | ??13 |
| Young fish length (mm) | ??5.51 | ??5.27 | ??5.43 | ??5.70 | ??5.39 | ??5.47 | ??5.87 | ??6.27 | ??7.80 |
| Always put seedling amount (tail) | ??5270 | ??5730 | ??5180 | ??4740 | ??4300 | ??6080 | ??1486 | ??1533 | ??647 |
| Culture density (tail/L) | ??43.9 | ??47.8 | ??43.2 | ??39.5 | ??35.8 | ??50.7 | ??12.4 | ??12.8 | ??5.39 |
| Culture period (my god) | ??19 | ??19 | ??19 | ??19 | ??19 | ??13 | ??19 | ??19 | ??19 |
| Average body long (mm) | ??10.2 | ??10.1 | ??10.7 | ??10.2 | ??10.2 | ??7.8 | ??10.1 | ??10.4 | ??10.2 |
| Survival number (tail) | ??579 | ??1017 | ??960 | ??351 | ??733 | ??437 | ??216 | ??307 | ??173 |
| Survival rate (%) | ??14.2 | ??22.4 | ??21.2 | ??8.3 | ??17.0 | ??7.2 | ??14.5 | ??20.0 | ??26.7 |
Wheel animalcule is an open-mouthed bait, and every day at the upper and lower noon respectively throws something and feeds 1 time.Unit cell algae (Chaetoceros muelleri, chrysophyceae, flat algae) density maintains 10-12/ml in the water body.After 12 days, keep original wheel animalcule feeding volume, add copepoda 0.5-3/ml.After preventing that bait runs off, cultivate to change the flowing water system into, drainpipe one terminates in the wide-mouth bottle that one 100 mesh sieve thin,tough silk seal.
Seed rearing to 15 day is used small-sized inflator discontinuity inflation instead.Every inflation in 1 hour 5-10 minute.Increase lengthening inflationtime and increase inflation times with the fish body.The 500CC wide-mouth bottle that gas charging stone places the 38GG bolting silk to seal is in case the tender fin film of the air-flow damage young.
Hatch back first day prelarva total length and be 2.5mm.Tool phototaxis, great majority head-up vertically move about in following water layer, accumulate in light than the strength more.Hatched back second day, the prelarva total length reaches more than the 5.0mm, yolk sac disappears substantially, and it is perfect that stomach and intestine are grown, most of prelarvas hang by the feet in water layer down, the prelarva stomach of total length 5.41mm is the cucurbit shape and communicates with enteron aisle, the mouth fine fisssure has the instinct of initiatively chasing food, and the prelarva stomach and intestine that total length reaches 5.50mm expand, schistostoma 0.34mm, wheel animalcule can ingest.In the cultivation, keep the unit cell algae of capacity, the prelarva schistostoma of total length 6.30mm reaches about 0.4mm, and digestive system is sound, and the wheel animalcule that ingests amount heightens.7.0mm above prelarva still is main bait with the wheel animalcule.Cultivate in the water body, half born of the same parents algae density be maintained at 5/more than the ml.Through perusal, food is full shape in the prelarva stomach and intestine, and the sound equipment sensitivity is swum earthshaking water-bed layer daytime more to external world, and the multi-activity at night in water at the middle and upper levels.7.5-8.0mm the differentiation of each fin of prelarva gradually perfect, food ration continues to increase.The wheel animalcule feeding volume is constant, adds the 1/3-1/2 that throws something and feeds.Situation next time in bait fills, when prelarva grows to 10.0mm, still as seen kill and devour phenomenon, this fingerling characteristic reduces the damage of prelarva by seedling and increase living body bait kind due to.
Young postlarva survival rate by the visible cultivation in early stage of table 1 changes between 8.3% and 22.4%.8.3%, No. 13 case 17.0% of 21.2%, No. 14 case of 22.4%, No. 15 case of 14.2%, No. 16 case of No. 19 casees, 26.7%, No. 17 case of 20.0%, No. 2 case of 14.5%, No. 1 case of No. 12 casees after transplanting seedlings are as the residual hazard test, and survival rate 7.2% does not have representative.Cultivate growth just rapidly, back gradual slow.The first six day, growth rate was to reduce in 15%, the ten day to become 11.3% in 12.7%, the ten five day.The 17 day is 11.0%.
(2), the later stage cultivates
Through cultivating 19 days early stages, the fry body reaches more than the 10.0mm.Though sufficient bait supply is arranged, still go out to kill and devour phenomenon mutually, may be not enough too high relevant with culture density with the nutrient component kind.For this reason, began in the 19th of cultivation the day fry is moved to indoor 8.0m from the aquarium of cultivating early stage
3In the cement pit of water body, the beginning later stage cultivates.
Fry is put in a suitable place to breed in 3, No. 4 cement pits (table 2) by certain density.Later stage cultivates and is in the water temperature downward period, is the invasion and attack of prevention cold wave, and the water temperature bust is provided with a cistern, but preheating 50m
3The cultivation seawater of water body, gravity flow cycle water is the same, and flow increases and decreases with the need.Every day Timing water supply, quantity of exchanged water is 1/2-2/3, not timing is carried out removing contamination at the bottom of the pond.Inflate each 30 minutes every day 4 times.The bait throwing in number of times changes by 2 times/day, is increased to gradually 3 times/day.Bait is: wheel animalcule+copepoda---wheel animalcule+copepoda+artemia larvae---wheel animalcule+copepoda+artemia larvae, adult+fish, owe meat gruel.Feeding volume is wheel animalcule 5-6/ml, and copepoda 30-6/ml, artemia larvae 3-5/ml, the rotten consumption of fish is looked the fry concrete situation increase and decrease of ingesting.
The fry that later stage cultivates enters the postlarva phase, and the power of ingesting continues to strengthen, and the phenomenon that kills and devour mutually reduces gradually.Fry kills and devour mutually that weaken may to be in big period of metamorphosis relevant with the in liberal supply and fish body of living bait.During this period, two dislocation of postlarva move on right eye begins, and scope of activities is dwindled, and the swimming ability is slowed down.
Table 2 later stage culture experiment situation
| Pond number | Incubator | Water body (m 3) | The cultivation fate (my god) | Fry body long (mm) | Always put seedling number (tail) | Put seedling density (tail/m 3) | Total cultivation fate (my god) | During end | ||
| Average body long (mm) | Survival volume (tail) | Survival rate (%) | ||||||||
| 3 | Cement pit | ????8.0 | ??19 | ??10.40 | ??2541 | ??317.6 | ??80 | ??28.0 | ??1752 | ??68.9 |
| 4 | Cement pit | ????8.0 | ??19 | ??10.70 | ??1496 | ??187.0 | ??80 | ??28.3 | ??911 | ??60.9 |
(3), juvenile fish is cultivated
Cultivate 60 days the long 23.5mm of surpassing of fry body, enter young stage successively, fish tail portion ripple squama, each fin and each histoorgan differentiation are perfect, the abnormal end, profile is identical with adult fish, or the volt end or adherent life, a certain amount of nonactive bait of ingesting, tool is caught behavior, night observation finds to have strong phototaxis, influence reaction is sharp to external world, floats on having in the time of in the daytime to go up water layer and closely catch live bait, and headtotail forms a circle sometimes, this cultivation is strict controlled in water quality and bait feeding, does not find fry death and disease.
Later stage cultivation and juvenile fish are cultivated the water temperature in two periods and are controlled between 8-21 ℃ PH7.90-8.40, dissolved oxygen 3.03-5.90mg/l.Illumination maintains about 500lux.
Postlarva in the fry rearing to the 80 days, two cement pits is body long 10.40 and 10.70mm when throwing in, and increases to 28.00 and 28.30mm respectively.In later stage and production cultivation 60 days, the young fish length in two ponds all increases 17.60mm.Its survival rate is respectively 68.9% and 60.9%.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of culturing method for semi-smooth tongue sole offspring breed is characterized in that:
(1), cultivate early stage:
Hatch back 3 days prelarva, put in a suitable place to breed in aquarium, adopted hydrostatic to cultivate in the first to the 12 day that cultivates, change water every day 1 time, the excursion of water temperature between 20.0-25.0 ℃, cultivate beginning during back second day and the 4th day variations in temperature bigger, the temperature difference reaches 2.5 ℃, PH fluctuates between 7.3-8.4, and the dissolved oxygen scope is 3.90-4.37mg/l;
(2), the later stage cultivates:
Fry is put in a suitable place to breed in the pond by certain density, every day Timing water supply, quantity of exchanged water is 1/2-2/3, not timing is carried out removing contamination at the bottom of the pond, inflates every day 4 times, each 30 minutes, the bait throwing in number of times was increased to 3 times/day gradually by 2 times/day; Water temperature is controlled between 8-21 ℃, PH7.90-8.40, and dissolved oxygen 3.03-5.90mg/l, illumination maintains 500lux;
(3), juvenile fish is cultivated
Water temperature is controlled between 8-21 ℃, PH7.90-8.40, and dissolved oxygen 3.03-5.90mg/l, illumination maintains 500lux.
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| CNA2005100423651A CN1644041A (en) | 2005-01-13 | 2005-01-13 | Culturing method for semi-smooth tongue sole offspring breed |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101884311A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-11-17 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for constructing tongue sole families and breeding superior families |
| CN102246708A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2011-11-23 | 中国水产科学院研究院 | Triploid induction method of cynoglossus semilaevis |
| CN102487867A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Mixed culture method for sepia esculenta offspring seed and cynoglossus semilaevis offspring seed |
-
2005
- 2005-01-13 CN CNA2005100423651A patent/CN1644041A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102246708A (en) * | 2010-05-18 | 2011-11-23 | 中国水产科学院研究院 | Triploid induction method of cynoglossus semilaevis |
| CN101884311A (en) * | 2010-06-30 | 2010-11-17 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for constructing tongue sole families and breeding superior families |
| CN102487867A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Mixed culture method for sepia esculenta offspring seed and cynoglossus semilaevis offspring seed |
| CN102487867B (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-05-29 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Mixed culture method for sepia esculenta offspring seed and cynoglossus semilaevis offspring seed |
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