CN1633828A - 对于基于发光二极管的发光设备的彩色控制 - Google Patents

对于基于发光二极管的发光设备的彩色控制 Download PDF

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CN1633828A
CN1633828A CNA028253701A CN02825370A CN1633828A CN 1633828 A CN1633828 A CN 1633828A CN A028253701 A CNA028253701 A CN A028253701A CN 02825370 A CN02825370 A CN 02825370A CN 1633828 A CN1633828 A CN 1633828A
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CN100531503C (zh
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C·昌
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F21V23/0457Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors the sensor sensing the operating status of the lighting device, e.g. to detect failure of a light source or to provide feedback to the device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20Controlling the colour of the light
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20Controlling the colour of the light
    • H05B45/22Controlling the colour of the light using optical feedback
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
    • Y02B20/30Semiconductor lamps, e.g. solid state lamps [SSL] light emitting diodes [LED] or organic LED [OLED]

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  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明针对一种用于通过多个红、绿和蓝色发光二极管(LED)生成想要的光彩色的控制系统,它包括传感器,响应于由多个LED输出的光,测量生成的光的彩色坐标,其中彩色坐标是在第一彩色空间中定义的。提供了第一变换模块,它被耦合到传感器,把生成的光的坐标变换到第二彩色空间。第二变换模块用来提供相应于想要的光的参考彩色坐标,其中参考彩色坐标是在第二彩色空间中表示的。提供了加法器,它被耦合到变换模块和参考模块,用来生成相应于在想要的光彩色坐标与生成的光彩色坐标之间的差值的误差彩色坐标。驱动器模块被耦合到加法器,用来生成用于驱动LED的驱动信号。

Description

对于基于发光二极管的发光设备的彩色控制
本发明涉及彩色混合系统,更具体地涉及用于提供想要的彩色的RGB发光二极管控制器。
传统的彩色控制系统采用反馈控制设备来保持例如由RGB,LED光源发出的想要的彩色。然而,已经知道,对于小的彩色差别的视觉敏感性是在确定彩色控制系统的精度时的一个考虑因素。
传统上,为了控制和保持想要的光的彩色和强度,要利用彩色空间图,以及按照彩色空间图代表的数值对各种基色光源,诸如红色、绿色和蓝色进行控制。
一个示例的彩色空间是RGB空间,它由其分量是红色、绿色和蓝色强度的三维空间,连同由它们组成给定彩色的光谱来表示。例如,扫描仪读出从图象反射的红、绿和蓝光的量,并把这些量变换成数字值。显示器接收数字值,并把它们变换成在屏幕上看见的红、绿和蓝光。基于RGB的彩色空间是在计算机图形学中最通常使用的彩色空间,主要因为它们被许多彩色显示器和扫描仪支持。然而,使用RGB彩色空间的缺点在于,它是设备相关的和叠加的(additive)。
某些彩色空间可以以设备无关的方式表示彩色。虽然RGB彩色随显示器和扫描仪特性而变化,设备无关的彩色是指由人的眼睛感知的彩色的真实代表。这些彩色代表,被称为设备无关的彩色空间,来自由Commission Internationale d’Eclairage(国际照明委员会)(CIE)在1931年进行的工作,为此,它们也被称为基于CIE的彩色空间。
CIE创建一组彩色空间,它根据人的感觉规定彩色。它然后开发了得到彩色的三个假想的主要组成成份(X,Y和Z)的算法,这些成份可以以不同的水平被组合,产生人的眼睛可以感知的所有的彩色。最后得到的彩色模型CIE和其他的CIE彩色模型形成用于所有的彩色管理系统的基础。虽然RGB和CMYK值是随设备而不同的,但在不同的设备上人对于彩色的感觉保持一致。彩色可以在基于CIE的彩色空间中以独立于任何特定的显示或重现设备的特性的方式被规定。这个标准的目标是对给定的基于CIE的彩色技术规范在不同的设备上在每种设备的限制范围内产生一致的结果。
有几种基于CIE的彩色空间,诸如xyL,uvL,u*v*1,a*b*1等等,但它们都是从基本的XYZ空间派生的。XYZ空间允许彩色被表示为三个三色值(tristimulus values)X,Y,和Z的混合。术语“三色”来自于这样的事实:彩色感觉是由于眼睛的视网膜响应于三种刺激的结果。在实验后,CIE建立假设的基色组,X,Y,Z,它们相应于眼睛的视网膜行为的方式。
CIE这样规定基色,以使所有的可见光被映射为X,Y,和Z的确定的混合,并使Y近似与彩色的视在亮度相关。通常,用来描述彩色的X,Y,和Z分量的混合被表示为范围从0%直到在某些情形下刚好超过100%的百分数。基于XYZ空间的其他与设备无关的彩色空间主要用来把彩色的某些特定方面或某些感知的彩色差别与XYZ值相联系。
图1是由CIE(Commission Internationale d’Eclairage)定义的色度图。基本上,图1的CIE色度图显示有关参考彩色刺激的标准组和它们的三色值的标准组的信息。典型地,参考彩色刺激对于红色刺激(R)的波长是700nm、对于绿色刺激(G)的波长是546.1nm、对于蓝色刺激(B)的波长是435.8nm的辐射。沿曲线60的不同的彩色点可被组合成在点62处表示的白色光。色度图只显示三色值的比例;因此,具有相同的比例的、明亮的和暗的彩色属于同一个点。
如前所述,用来控制RGB光源的XYZ空间的一个缺点在于,在被配置来控制想要的彩色点,例如Xw,Yw,Zw,的系统中,与这个想要的彩色点的偏移可能具有不同的视觉影响,这取决于偏移的方向。也就是,对于彩色点位置中相同的误差量其感知的彩色差别将是不同的,这取决于具有误差的彩色点在色度图上相对于想要的彩色点位置所处的位置。
所以,即使利用具有非常小的误差控制方案的系统,对于某些误差感觉的彩色差别仍旧可能很大,而对于其他彩色点误差,感觉的彩色差别可能非常小。这样,反馈系统或者过补偿或者欠补偿彩色点误差。
因此,需要一种采用反馈控制安排的RGB LED控制器系统,这种反馈控制基本上校正所有的彩色点误差而在视觉上没有彩色改变的感觉。
按照本发明的一个实施例,一种用于通过红、绿、和蓝色发光二极管(LED)生成想要的光的控制系统,包括传感器,它响应于由LED输出的光以测量生成的光的彩色坐标,其中彩色坐标是在XYZ彩色空间中定义的。变换模块被耦合到传感器,以按照Farnsworth变换把生成的光的坐标变换到第二彩色空间,诸如x’,y’彩色空间。参考模块用来提供相应于想要的光的参考彩色坐标,其中参考彩色坐标是在第二彩色空间中表示的。误差模块被耦合到变换模块和参考模块,以及用来生成相应于在想要的白色光彩色坐标与生成的白色光彩色坐标之间的差值的误差彩色坐标。驱动器模块被耦合到误差模块,以及用来生成用于驱动LED的驱动信号。
图1显示按照本发明的一个实施例的彩色空间图。
图2是按照本发明的一个实施例的控制系统的方框图。
图3(a)-3(c)显示按照本发明的另一个实施例所采用的各种三色滤色器。
图4(a)-4(b)显示结合图3所示的三色滤色器所用的图。
图5是显示多个MacAdam椭圆的彩色空间的图,在其中彩色在没有很大的改变下被感知。
图6显示说明按照本发明的一个实施例的多个圆形误差区域的彩色空间的图。
图2显示按照本发明的一个实施例的控制系统10,用于控制由RGBLED发光模块22生成的光。更具体地,按照本发明的优选实施例,控制系统10被利用来控制LED生成具有参考色度坐标值Xref,Yref和Zref的、想要的光。
图2包括缓存器14,用来存储具有X,Y,Z格式的、想要的光的想要的色度坐标值。
缓存器14被耦合到x’L’y’变换模块30。变换模块30首先把X,Y,Z彩色空间变换成IEC1931色度坐标(x,y)。按照本发明的一个实施例,按照IEC1931色度坐标x,y规定的彩色空间图被显示于图5。如图所示,色度图内每个想要的彩色点被相应的椭圆包围。应当指出,在每个椭圆内任何彩色偏离不会造成重大的可感觉的彩色改变。
这些椭圆也称为MacAdam椭圆,正如在G.Wyszecki和W.S.Stiles,“Color Science:concept and methods,quantitativedata and formulae(彩色科学:概念和方法,定量数据和公式)”,p.308(2nd Ed.John Wiley & Sons,1982)中更详细地说明的,该参考书在此引用,以供参考。还应当指出,画出的椭圆的轴是它们的实际的长度的10倍。x,y变换被定义为:
x=X/(X+Y+Z),            (1)和
y=Y/(X+Y+Z)              (2)
如图5所示,这些所谓的MacAdam椭圆被画在色度图上不同的彩色点处。这些椭圆相应于差别很小或差别很不明显的彩色匹配的标准偏差。为了在几乎全部彩色空间上有空间的均匀彩色度量,按照本发明的一个实施例的变换模块30提供进一步的非线性变换,把这些椭圆变换成圆。
一个这样的从椭圆到圆的非线性变换的例子是具有x’,y’坐标的Farnworth变换,如图6所示,其中图5的所有的那些椭圆被变换成具有几乎相同的半径的圆,正如在D.Farnsworth,“A temporal factorin colour discrimination(彩色鉴别时的时间因素)”,VisualProblems of Color,Vol.II,p.434(1957),Nat.Phys.Lab.Symposium No.8,Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,London(1958)中更详细地说明的,该论文在此引用,以供参考。因此,变换模块30的第二变换步骤被定义为:
x’=fx(x,y)                   (3),和
y’=fy(x,y)                   (4)
按照本发明的一个实施例,在公式(3)和(4)中定义的变换的一个例子被规定为:
x ′ = a 11 x + a 12 y + a 13 b 1 x + b 2 x + b 3 - - - ( 5 )
y ′ = a 21 x + a 22 y + a 23 b 1 x + b 2 x + b 3 - - - ( 6 )
其中系数a11,a12,a13,a21,a22,a23,b1,b2,b3都是(x,y)坐标系统的空间函数。因此,取决于想要的彩色点x,y,这些系数必须随之被调整。
应当指出,图2的变换模块30采用硬件或软件安排,或它们的组合。而且,在本文中,本发明打算采用硬件或软件部件,或它们的组合,用于系统10的每个模块。
继续参考图2,缓存器14中存储的坐标相应于彩色空间,代表相对于想要的彩色点的彩色,用XYZ空间表示,并如上所述,被变换模块30变换成新的坐标,被称为x’ref,L’ref和y’ref
缓存器14经过变换模块30被耦合到反馈加法器16,它用来根据想要的彩色坐标值和由控制系统10生成的彩色坐标值而提供误差信号Δx’,ΔL’和Δy’。
反馈加法器16的输出端口被耦合到控制器18,它用来提供相应于彩色空间误差信号的控制电压信号。按照本发明的一个实施例,控制器18用来根据由反馈加法器16提供的误差信号生成用于驱动LED的控制电压源vR,vG,vB
控制器18的输出端口被耦合到电源和RGB驱动器单元20的输入控制端口。电源单元20生成适当的前向电流信号电平iR,iG,iB给每个RGB LED,以使LED生成相应的光,用于产生想要的白色光。
电源单元20的输出端口被耦合到RGB白色LED发光模块22的输入端口。在发光模块22内的多个红、绿、和蓝色LED用来接收它们的相应的前向驱动电流信号,以便生成相应的彩色光。发光模块22根据提供给LED的电流提供以流明计的红、绿、和蓝色光。
由发光体22生成的光被三色滤色器24测量。滤色器24被放置在发光体22的前面,以便测量所生成的光的某些特性,诸如彩色坐标RGB。正如将在后面参照图3和4更详细地说明的,按照本发明的一个实施例的滤色器24包括带有彩色滤色器的光传感器,它们一起作为工业上所谓的三色滤色器运行。
滤色器24被耦合到彩色点识别模块26,它用来把由滤色器24测量的RGB值变换成Xw,Yw,Zw坐标。按照本发明的一个实施例,滤色器24和彩色点识别模块26的运行可以由如140那样的三色滤色器组合,如图3(a)-3(c)所示。
三色滤色器140的运行和结构是熟知的。图3(a),3(b)和3(c)显示按照本发明的各种实施例被采用的三个示例的三色滤色器的方框图。基本上,三色滤色器被做成使得滤色器的频响函数正比于CIE标准色度观察器的彩色匹配函数。
图3(a)显示三色滤色器140的排列和功能。图3(a)的三色滤色器包括三个玻璃滤色器142,144和146,每个滤色器用来分别滤除在由光源122生成的和由测试物体124反射的光中包含的红色、绿色、和蓝色光。一个或多个光电管154被放置在玻璃滤色器的后面,以测量每个红色、绿色和蓝色光分量的光输出。寄存器148,150和152用来存储相应于CIE1931标准观察器的光信息。因此,寄存器148存储相应于通过滤色器142的光的信息。同样地,寄存器150存储相应于通过滤色器144的光的信息。以及,寄存器152存储相应于通过滤色器146的光的信息。
为此,图4(a)是曲线图,它显示了频响函数和像154这样的光电管在与三色滤色器140相组合时可最好地复现CIE1931标准观察器的彩色匹配函数的程度。实线表示CIE标准观察器数据,而虚线表示具有三色滤色器装置的光电置的响应。
三色滤色器片的其他例子显示于图3(b)和3(c),其中滤色器玻璃层被放置在滤色基片上。所以,如图3(b)所示,基片168接纳玻璃层166,被玻璃层164重叠,它又被玻璃层162重叠。图3(c)显示玻璃层的另一个变型,其中层172不完全覆盖层174,层174也不完全覆盖层176。
为此,图4(b)是曲线图,它显示频响函数和像154这样的光电管在与三色滤色器160或170相组合时可最好地复现CIE1931标准观察器的彩色匹配函数的程度。实线表示CIE标准观察器数据,而虚线表示具有三色滤色器装置的光电管的响应。
彩色识别模块26的输出端被耦合到变换模块26的输入端,变换模块用来把由模块26测量的光的Xfdbk,Yfdbk,Zfdbk坐标的反馈分量变换成由如上参照图5和6说明的公式所支配的x’,L’,y’空间。
变换模块28的输出端被耦合到加法器16的输入端。而且,变换模块30的输出端被耦合到变换模块28的输入端。这种连接允许两个模块按照系统控制的想要的彩色来进行适当的变换坐标。
应当指出,按照本发明的一个实施例,公式(5)和(6)描述的系数可以容易地存储在存储器,诸如缓存器14,以及与相应的x,y坐标组相联系。这样,想要的彩色坐标X,Y,Z可被变换成MacAdam坐标x,y,和从存储器恢复相关的系数,以便计算Farnsworth坐标x’,y’。
应当指出,控制模块18用来根据从加法器16接收的误差信号按照频域中的函数C(s)生成控制信号。
而且,RGB发光模块22用来按照转移函数矩阵D(s)响应于驱动电流生成光通量。同样地,P(s)是规定驱动器模块20的运行的转移函数矩阵,N(s)是规定变换模块28的运行的转移函数矩阵,T(s)是规定彩色点识别和变换模块26的运行的转移函数矩阵,和L(s)是规定滤色器模块24的运行的转移函数矩阵。
按照本发明的一个实施例,由转移函数C(S)规定的控制器的功能可以基于各种控制器装置,正如技术上熟知的。例如,控制器18可以是基于被称为比例积分(PI)控制器的、具有以下转移函数的一类控制器的运行:
C(s)=Kp+KI/s,其中Kp和KI是3×3常数实矩阵。
按照本发明的一个实施例,对于具有峰值波长λr=643nm,λ8=523nm,和λb=464nm的给定的RGB LED组和选定的彩色传感滤色器片组,诸如由Hamamatsu制造的、具有S6430(R)S6429(G)和S6428(B)的滤色器片组,用于控制器18的转移函数C(s)的典型值是:
K p = 0.1 0.9 - 0.12 0.4 0.6 0.5 - 0.14 0.3 0.2 , K I = 0.1 0.12 - 0.18 0.13 0.8 0.05 - 0.1 0.01 0.6
在运行期间,控制系统10首先确定想要的参考X,Y,Z坐标,如缓存器14提供的。此后,变换模块30根据参考X,Y,Z坐标恢复适当的变换系数,以及利用公式(5)和(6),把参考彩色空间变换成具有x’,L’,y’参考坐标的参考Farnsworth彩色空间。
滤色器片24测量由发光模块22生成的想要的光的彩色的X,Y,Z坐标,以及变换模块28把以X,Y,Z坐标规定的、识别后的光的彩色变换成x’,L’,y’彩色空间。这样,控制系统10控制在x’y’彩色空间中的想要的光的彩色的彩色点,其测量误差如下式所示:
Δ x ′ y ′ = ( x ′ - x ′ 0 ) 2 + ( y ′ - y ′ 0 ) 2 = δ
其中(x’0,y’0)是目标的或想要的彩色点坐标,以及(x’,y’)是在x’,y’Farnsworth彩色空间中实际的彩色点坐标。结果,控制系统10能够对于在装置中所有想要的彩色控制彩色误差,其中不管误差在色度图上的位置,对于相同的误差量,彩色的感觉保持为相同的。这意味着,控制系统产生基本上均匀的彩色误差。所以,随着Δx’y’变为越来越小,彩色差值在所有的方向上也变为越来越小。
变换模块的效果在于,控制系统提供一个控制方案,其中Δx’y’数值在围绕多个想要的彩色点所规定一个圆的区域中在所有的方向上几乎都是均匀的。结果,控制系统10可以以高效率的和较少花费的方式被组装。
因此,按照本发明的各个方面,控制系统可被设计用于一个装置,其中任何想要的光的彩色可以通过把想要的彩色空间坐标变换成Farnsworth彩色空间而被生成和有效地控制。这样,控制设计可以明显简化,但仍保持非常精确。可以生成这样的光,使得不管误差在色度图上什么方向想要的光的彩色的偏差仍保持为感觉不到的。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于通过多个红、绿、和蓝色发光二极管(LED)生成想要的光彩色的LED彩色控制系统,包括:
传感器,响应于由所述多个LED输出的光彩色,测量所述生成的光的彩色坐标,其中所述彩色坐标是在第一彩色空间中定义的;
第一变换模块,被耦合到所述传感器,以便把所述生成的光的所述坐标变换到第二彩色空间;
第二变换模块,被配置成用来提供相应于所述想要的光的参考彩色坐标,其中所述参考彩色坐标是在所述第二彩色空间中表示的;
加法器,被耦合到所述第一和第二变换模块,该加法器被配置成用来生成相应于在所述想要的光的彩色坐标与所述生成的光的彩色坐标之间的差值的误差彩色坐标;以及
驱动器模块,被耦合到所述加法器,以及被配置成用来生成用于驱动所述LED的驱动信号。
2.按照权利要求1的系统,其中所述第一彩色空间是X,Y,Z彩色空间。
3.按照权利要求2的系统,其中所述第二彩色空间是x’,L’,y’彩色空间。
4.按照权利要求1的系统,还包括被耦合到所述加法器的控制器,其中所述控制器生成分别相应于所述红色、绿色和蓝色LED的控制电压信号。
5.按照权利要求3的系统,其中所述传感器是三色滤色器。
6.按照权利要求2,3或5的系统,其中所述第一变换模块把所述XYZ彩色坐标变换成MacAdam彩色坐标。
7.按照权利要求6的系统,其中所述第一变换模块把所述MacAdam彩色坐标变换成Farnsworth彩色坐标。
8.按照权利要求1的系统,其中所述第二变换模块被耦合到所述第一变换模块,以便把变换系数提供到所述第一变换模块。
9.按照权利要求8的系统,其中所述变换系数按照相应的想要的光的彩色而变化。
10.按照任何在前的权利要求的系统,该系统具有执行所述变换所述X,Y,Z彩色坐标的步骤的装置,还包括按照下式
x=X/(X+Y+Z)
y=Y/(X+Y+Z)
来分配数值以便变换到MacAdam空间的步骤;以及还具有用于通过按照下式
x ′ = a 11 x + a 12 y + a 13 b 1 x + b 2 x + b 3
y ′ = a 21 x + a 22 y + a 23 b 1 x + b 2 x + b 3
来分配数值以便变换到Farnsworth空间的步骤从而来变换所述x,y彩色坐标的装置,其中系数a11,a12,a13,a21,a22,a23,b1,b2,b3都是(x,y)坐标系统的空间函数。
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US6552495B1 (en) 2003-04-22
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