CN1633567A - 具有枢轴衬套的皮带张紧器 - Google Patents

具有枢轴衬套的皮带张紧器 Download PDF

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CN1633567A
CN1633567A CNA038039230A CN03803923A CN1633567A CN 1633567 A CN1633567 A CN 1633567A CN A038039230 A CNA038039230 A CN A038039230A CN 03803923 A CN03803923 A CN 03803923A CN 1633567 A CN1633567 A CN 1633567A
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CN100356086C (zh
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詹姆斯·G·昆塔斯
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • F02B67/06—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H7/10—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley
    • F16H7/12—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley
    • F16H7/1254—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley without vibration damping means
    • F16H7/1281—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains by adjusting the axis of a pulley of an idle pulley without vibration damping means where the axis of the pulley moves along a substantially circular path
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
    • F16H7/08—Means for varying tension of belts, ropes, or chains
    • F16H2007/0802—Actuators for final output members
    • F16H2007/081—Torsion springs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于传动皮带(12)的张紧器，该传动皮带在环形通路上工作并利用对称动作控制。该张紧器(14)有：臂(18)，该臂包括皮带啮合部分(22)和鼓筒部分；支承部件(16)，用于使张紧器(14)相对于皮带(12)固定，其中，该臂(18)可绕该支承部件(16)枢轴转动；弹簧(20)，该弹簧推压臂(18)以便使该臂绕支承部件(16)沿第一方向枢轴转动，并推压皮带啮合部分(22)以便使该皮带啮合部分以一定力抵靠皮带(12)，从而使该皮带张紧。该皮带张紧器(14)还包括：在臂(18)和支承部件(16)之间的空腔(26)；以及衬套(30)，该衬套包括位于该空腔(26)中的弓形凸缘(32)。

Description

具有枢轴衬套的皮带张紧器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于皮带张紧器的新方法和装置。
背景技术
目前市场上的很多汽车发动机都利用环形传动皮带来驱动多个从动附件。它们采用张紧系统，该张紧系统用于在环形传动皮带上提供张紧力，该张紧系统可以是本领域已知的任意合适类型。优选是，皮带主要由聚合物、凯夫拉尔纤维(Kevlar)或芳香族聚酰胺材料制成，因为本发明的张紧器的独特特征使得该张紧器能够高效张紧具有聚酯承载帘线的皮带。
在很多汽车附件驱动装置中，需要提供正确的张力，以便在皮带的整个使用寿命中控制张紧率。随着单皮带V形肋驱动系统的出现，这更重要，因为皮带更长，且某些附件将由皮带的背面驱动，与扁平皮带驱动一样。已经开发出来的各种自动张紧器需要有这样的特征，即它们能够调整皮带系统，以便除去输入扭矩，并防止或减小谐波，同时使张紧器能够响应皮带张力需要的变化。例如，见授予Henderson的美国专利No.4596538、4832666和5443424；授予Green等的美国专利No.4938734、5030172和5035679；授予Gardner等的美国专利No.5190502；或者授予Foley的美国专利No.5348514，这些文献都被本文参引。
如图7-8所示，现有技术的张紧器部分包括衬套100，该衬套100具有逐渐变细的外径102、相等的内径104和扁平凸缘106。使用该衬套100导致在支承件112的轮毂部分110和臂114之间有较大间隙108。这存在问题，因为衬套100的任何轴向运动都将增加或减小在衬套100和臂114之间的间隙108中的距离(clearance)。理想的是，在衬套100和臂114之间的间隙108中的距离应当为零，因为使该间隙108的距离减至最小是控制臂114的对齐的一个方法。不过，零距离可以导致臂114卡在轮毂110上，因此需要一定距离。当不控制对齐时，张紧器可能变得不稳定，皮带可能滑出张紧器滑轮。当发生这种情况时，皮带可能振动并跳离发动机中的其它滑轮，这可能使得发动机停止工作。该现有技术衬套还可以包括在外表面(未示出)和内表面133B中的任意一个或两个上的槽131，以便保持和分配油脂或润滑剂。
发明内容
几个实施例提供了一种用于在环形通路上工作的传动皮带的张紧器。张紧器包括：臂，该臂包括皮带啮合部分和鼓筒部分；支承部件，用于使张紧器相对于皮带固定，该臂可绕该支承部件枢轴转动；以及弹簧，该弹簧推压该臂以便使该臂绕支承部件沿第一方向枢轴转动，并推压皮带啮合部分以便使该皮带啮合部分以一定力抵靠皮带，从而使皮带张紧。该张紧器还包括：在臂和支承部件之间的空腔；以及衬套，该衬套包括位于该空腔中的弓形凸缘。
另一方面是提供一种衬套，该衬套有相等的内径和逐渐变小的外径。另一方面是提供一种衬套，该衬套具有一包含有固定直径的内表面和一锥形外表面。
另一方面是提供一种衬套，该衬套有凸缘，该凸缘包括切口部分。
另一方面是提供一种衬套，该衬套的弓形凸缘偏压衬套以便使衬套压靠臂。另一方面是提供一种衬套，该衬套的弓形凸缘沿衬套的纵向轴线偏压该衬套。
另一方面是提供一种用于张紧器中的弹簧的壳体。另一方面是提供一种在支承部件上的轮毂，臂绕该轮毂枢轴转动。
另一方面是提供一种使用皮带张紧器的新方法，该方法有一个或多个上述或后面所述的新颖性特征。
多个实施例提供了一种采用用于传动皮带的张紧器的方法，该传动皮带在环形通路上工作。该方法包括以下步骤：提供臂，该臂包括皮带啮合部分和鼓筒部分；提供了支承部件，用于相对皮带固定张紧器，该臂可绕支承部件枢轴转动；以及提供弹簧，该弹簧推压臂以便使该臂绕支承部件沿第一方向枢轴转动，并推压皮带啮合部分以便使该皮带啮合部分以一定力抵靠皮带，从而使皮带张紧。该方法还包括以下步骤：提供在臂和支承部件之间的空腔；以及提供衬套，该衬套包括位于该空腔中的弓形凸缘。
附图的简要说明
通过下面对优选实施例的说明以及权利要求和附图，可以知道本发明的特征以及它的技术优点，附图中：
图1是使用该新型皮带张紧器的汽车发动机的透视图。
图2是张紧器的俯视图。
图3是张紧器沿图2中的线3-3看时的剖视图。
图4是图3中用圆圈起的张紧器部分的放大图。
图5是张紧器中的衬套的侧视图。
图6是张紧器中的衬套的透视图。
图7是现有技术的张紧器的一部分的放大图。
图8是现有技术的张紧器的衬套的侧视图。
具体实施方式
尽管下面所示和所述的各种特征是为了提供用于特定汽车发动机的特定传动皮带的皮带张紧器，但是应当知道，需要时这些特征也可以单独或以任意组合地用于提供其它装置的皮带张紧器。因此，实施例并不只局限为附图中所示的实施例，因为附图只是用于说明各种用途中的一种。
下面参考图1，汽车发动机总体由参考标号10表示，并利用环形传动皮带12来驱动多个从动附件，如本领域公知。新型皮带张紧器总体以参考标号14表示，并用于以下文中所述的方式来向皮带12提供预定张紧力。环形传动皮带12可以为本领域已知的任意合适类型。皮带12可以主要由聚合物材料制成，因为张紧器14的独特特征能够使该张紧器14很容易地有效张紧具有承载帘线的皮带，如授予Henderson的前述美国专利No.4596538充分所述，因此该美国专利由本文参引。
最好如图2-3所示，新型皮带张紧器14包括支承部件16，该支承部件16由任意合适的聚合物材料形成，该支承部件16设置成通过任意已知的固定装置而固定在发动机10的安装托架或支承结构上，该固定装置穿过在支承部件16中的合适孔延伸，如授予Henderson的前述美国专利No.5443424充分所述。皮带啮合臂18由支承部件16以后面所述的方式可运动地支持，并可以由任意合适材料例如金属或铝材料而模铸制成。
张紧器14还包括壳体19，该壳体装有弹簧20，其中，该弹簧20的外端与支承部件16操作地相互连接，且该弹簧的内端与皮带啮合臂18操作地相互连接。弹簧20包括以螺旋方式缠绕以便确定螺旋或线圈的基本扁平金属部件，其中，内部螺旋靠近内端，而外部螺旋靠近外端。弹簧20缠绕成这样，即当它布置在张紧器14中时，弹簧20将皮带啮合臂18的皮带啮合轮22推压成抵靠皮带12，以便以在前述专利中充分所述的方式以预定张紧力张紧该皮带12。尽管因为螺旋扁平截面弹簧在张紧器中占据较少空间而可以使用该弹簧，但是本领域已知的任何弹簧都可以使用，例如圆形截面的螺旋线圈弹簧、压缩或拉伸线性弹簧，它们将更便宜，同时在壳体19中占据更大空间，因为它们有更长的柱筒。皮带啮合轮22通过合适轴承25而以本领域公知的方式可旋转地安装在臂18的端部24上。
下面参考图4-6，同时继续参考图3，皮带啮合臂18形成确定于臂18和支承件16的轮毂部分28之间的空腔26，在该空腔处，轮毂部分28可以有锥形外表面。在空腔26中有衬套30，该衬套30可以包括槽31，其中，一组槽31A在外表面33A中，一组槽31B在内表面33B中。需要时，槽31也可选择在衬套30中，并用于保持和传播油脂或其它润滑剂。衬套30还包括弓形凸缘32，其中，该弓形凸缘32可以包括切口部分34。弓形凸缘32的弯曲形状使其具有与弹簧类似的弹性，以便将衬套32压靠在臂18上，并沿衬套的纵向轴线轴向偏压该衬套30。如图6所示，衬套30有固定直径的内表面33B(即相等的内径ID)以及锥形外表面33A(即逐渐变细的外径OD)，并可以由可模制材料例如尼龙等制造。张紧器14还包括：第一轴承36，该第一轴承36位于弹簧20附近；以及第二轴承38，该第二轴承38位于臂18和封闭装置40之间。轴承36和38可以高等级尼龙制造，同时提高了压缩和剪切强度以及微观孔隙度(以便保持油脂)，例如由DuPout和Dow制造。
在工作中，弓形凸缘32通过抵靠支承件16的弹簧作用而提供偏压力，以便沿衬套的纵向轴线轴向偏压该衬套30，直到抵靠臂18，这使得臂18和衬套30之间的间隙42中的距离减至最小，同时还在间隙42中保持足够距离以便合适工作，这时该距离可以至少稍微大于零。在某些情况下，需要凸缘32的切口部分34来减小衬套30抵靠臂18的偏压力。在可选实施例中，弓形凸缘32可以没有任何去除部分或切口部分。
其它实施例包括利用张紧器来使传动皮带保持预定张力，以便在环形通路上工作的方法。该方法包括提供臂的第一步骤，该臂包括皮带啮合部分和鼓筒部分。本方法的第二步骤提供了支承部件，该支承部件设置成相对于皮带固定，该支承部件包括轮毂，该轮毂有纵向轴线，并进行固定以防止相对于皮带啮合部分运动，该轮毂可运动地保持臂。该方法的第三步骤提供了弹簧，该弹簧与臂和支承部件可操作地相互连接，该弹簧设置成相对于支承部件推压皮带啮合部分，并使该皮带啮合部分以一定力抵靠皮带，以便使皮带有预定张力。该方法的第四步骤包括提供在臂和支承部件之间的空腔。最后，本发明的第五步骤包括提供衬套，该衬套包括位于空腔中的弓形凸缘。
已经通过本发明的特殊实施例介绍了实施例，但是在不脱离由下面的权利要求确定的实施例的精神和范围的情况下，可以进行多种变化和改变。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于在环形通路上工作的传动皮带(12)的张紧器，该张紧器(14)的特征在于：
臂(18)，该臂包括皮带啮合部分(22)和鼓筒部分；
支承部件(16)，用于使张紧器(14)相对于皮带(12)固定，该臂(18)可绕该支承部件(16)枢轴转动；
弹簧(20)，该弹簧推压臂(18)以便使该臂绕支承部件(16)沿第一方向枢轴转动，并推压皮带啮合部分(22)以便使该皮带啮合部分以一定力抵靠皮带(12)，从而使该皮带张紧；
在臂(18)和支承部件(16)之间的空腔(26)；以及
衬套(30)，该衬套包括位于该空腔(26)中的弓形凸缘(32)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器，其特征在于：该衬套(30)还有在弓形凸缘(32)中的切口部分(34)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的张紧器，其特征在于：该衬套(30)由尼龙材料制成，或者由可模制材料制成。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一个所述的张紧器，其特征在于：弓形凸缘(32)沿纵向轴线轴向偏压衬套(30)，特别是使该衬套抵靠臂(18)。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任意一个所述的张紧器，其特征在于：该衬套(30)有固定直径的内表面(33B)以及锥形的外表面(33A)。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任意一个所述的张紧器，其特征在于：该弹簧(20)为扁平螺旋缠绕弹簧，并可以包括自由缠绕端，其中，该弹簧的一端轴向地偏离该自由缠绕端。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任意一个所述的张紧器，其特征在于：支承部件(16)包括用于弹簧(20)的壳体(19)，和/或支承部件(16)包括轮毂(28)，臂(18)绕该轮毂枢轴转动。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一个所述的张紧器，其特征在于：该皮带啮合部分(22)包括皮带轮。
9.一种使用用于传动皮带(12)的张紧器(14)的方法，该传动皮带在环形通路上工作，该方法的特征在于包括以下步骤：
提供臂(18)，该臂包括皮带啮合部分(22)和鼓筒部分；
提供支承部件(16)，用于相对皮带(12)固定张紧器(14)，该臂(18)可绕支承部件(16)枢轴转动；
提供弹簧(20)，该弹簧推压臂(18)以便使该臂绕支承部件(16)沿第一方向枢轴转动，并推压皮带啮合部分(22)以便使该皮带啮合部分以一定力抵靠皮带(12)，从而使皮带张紧；
提供在臂(18)和支承部件(16)之间的空腔(26)；以及
提供衬套(30)，该衬套包括位于该空腔(26)中的弓形凸缘(32)。
10.一种用于在环形通路上工作的传动皮带(12)的张紧器，该张紧器(14)包括：臂(18)，该臂包括皮带啮合部分(22)和鼓筒部分；支承部件(16)，该支承部件使张紧器(14)相对于皮带(12)固定，该支承部件(16)包括轮毂(28)，该轮毂有纵向轴线，并固定成防止相对于皮带啮合部分(22)运动，该轮毂(28)可运动地保持臂(18)，弹簧(20)，该弹簧与臂(18)和支承部件(16)操作地相互连接，该弹簧(20)设置成相对于支承部件(16)推压皮带啮合部分(22)，并使该皮带啮合部分以一定力抵靠皮带(12)，从而使该皮带张紧；该张紧器的改进特征在于：
在臂(18)和支承部件(16)之间的空腔(26)；以及
衬套(30)，该衬套包括位于该空腔(26)中的弓形凸缘(32)。
CNB038039230A 2002-02-14 2003-02-05 具有枢轴衬套的皮带张紧器 Expired - Fee Related CN100356086C (zh)

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AR038827A1 (es) 2005-01-26

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