CN1604732A - 一种用于农业或园艺的产品 - Google Patents

一种用于农业或园艺的产品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1604732A
CN1604732A CNA028251202A CN02825120A CN1604732A CN 1604732 A CN1604732 A CN 1604732A CN A028251202 A CNA028251202 A CN A028251202A CN 02825120 A CN02825120 A CN 02825120A CN 1604732 A CN1604732 A CN 1604732A
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capsule
seed
controlled release
agricultural chemicals
described product
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D·齐默尔曼
N·努尔丁
E·阿勒曼
E·德尔克
R·古尔尼
E·范德德里夫特
R·舍费尔
S·鲍姆
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Syngenta Participations AG
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H4/00Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
    • A01H4/005Methods for micropropagation; Vegetative plant propagation using cell or tissue culture techniques
    • A01H4/006Encapsulated embryos for plant reproduction, e.g. artificial seeds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/34Shaped forms, e.g. sheets, not provided for in any other sub-group of this main group

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于农业或园艺的产品,该产品含有在水分的存在下溶解或崩解的胶囊,胶囊中有至少一粒种子和含农药的控释系统。

Description

一种用于农业或园艺的产品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于农业或园艺的产品和该产品的制造方法。
为了防止昆虫或真菌对种子或幼苗的早期侵袭,例如经常用农药涂覆种子。但是这种包衣经常容易引起出芽或发芽延迟并且不得不考虑农药可能的植物毒性。此外,上述包衣针对的是早期侵袭,而植物在整个生长期仍将需要进一步的保护。
因此,本发明的目标是一种用于农业或园艺的产品,该产品包含一种胶囊,胶囊中有至少一粒种子和含农药的控释系统。
上述产品具有下列优点:
非常柔韧;控释系统和种子的比例容易改变;可加入一种或多种控释系统;可加入附加成分例如营养素或肥料:
是一种封闭体系;使用者不接触农药;可使用粘稠或液体成分;
易于施用并且可提供贯穿整个生长期的保护。
可用于实现本发明的胶囊可以是在水分的存在下溶解或崩解的常规胶囊。该胶囊例如在医药领域用于给药。因此该胶囊可使用该领域常规技术来获得。作为指标,所述胶囊的尺寸是长10-20mm,直径范围3-8mm,优选尺寸是长15mm,直径5mm。长度与直径的比例一般是2∶1-4∶1。胶囊材料的选择要使其在水分的存在下溶解或崩解。优选这种溶解或崩解发生地比较快。还优选该胶囊是气体和水分可渗透的,以便不妨碍发芽。适用于上述胶囊的材料是例如明胶、淀粉、羟丙基甲基纤维素和其他纤维素衍生物。优选材料是淀粉和羟丙基甲基纤维素。
可用于实现本发明的种子可以是裸露的种子或按照已知的涂覆技术被涂覆过的种子。例如种子可以是蔬菜种子或花卉种子。优选的种子是蔬菜种子。蔬菜种子的实例是卷心菜、莴苣和甜菜的种子。
控释系统可以是粉末、颗粒、丸、片、挤出物的形式或能保证农药的控释性能的任何其他形式。控释系统的优选形式是片。该片可任选被聚合物膜包被。控释系统是例如能长期持续地释放农药的系统,所述长期可以是几天到整个生长期。上述控释系统与常规的农药制剂形成对比,后者所有的活性成分应该在施用后立即释放。上述控释还可采用没有或很少量初始释放和仅在一定时期后实质释放的形式,实质释放可在短期内或长期释放。因此例如上述片形式的控释系统不需要是均质的片,而可含有一个含农药的核和无该化合物的包衣。对于挤出物形式的控释系统来说,通过共挤出可获得类似的构造。
通常,片形式的控释系统含至少一种单独的农药或农药与聚合物、脂类或蜡的混合物。此外,片中可含各种添加剂,所述添加剂选自稀释剂、润滑剂、防粘剂和滑动剂。一些赋形剂可起到多种用途。控释系统中农药的含量可大范围地变化。作为指标,农药的含量是控释系统重量的0.1-50%。
适宜的聚合物种类的实例是乙基纤维素、醋酸纤维素、乙酸丁酸纤维素、聚羟基丁酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚氯乙烯和聚羟基丁酸酯/聚羟基戊酸酯和本领域已知的其他物质。
适宜的脂类成分的实例是棕榈酰硬脂酸甘油酯、三山嵛酸甘油酯、硬脂酸、硬脂醇和植物油(例如菜籽油、玉米油、棉籽油、芝麻油、大豆油)、氢化植物油(例如氢化棉籽油)、植物蜡和本领域已知的其他物质。
适宜的稀释剂或填料的实例是碳酸盐(碳酸钙、碳酸镁)、磷酸盐(磷酸钙)、硫酸盐(硫酸钙)、氧化物(氧化镁)、氯化物(氯化钾、氯化钠)、微晶纤维素(例如AvicelTM)、淀粉、滑石、高岭土、糖类(葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、蔗糖)和本领域已知的其他物质。
适宜的润滑剂的实例是硬脂酸盐(镁盐、钙盐、锌盐)、棕榈酰硬脂酸甘油酯、单硬脂酸甘油酯、硫酸月桂酯、富马酸硬脂基酯、滑石、淀粉、硬脂酸、氢化植物油(例如氢化棉籽油)和本领域已知的其他物质。
适宜的抗粘剂的实例是为微晶纤维素(例如AvicelTM)、胶体二氧化硅(例如AerosilTM)、滑石和本领域已知的其他物质。
适宜的滑动剂的实例是纤维素粉、三硅酸镁、胶体二氧化硅(例如AerosilTM)、淀粉、滑石和本领域已知的其他物质。
可用于实现本发明的片可通过使用常规技术获得。例如,在混合后,使用常规的压缩设备如水压机或压缩机(偏心的或旋转的)将各成分压制。
可用于本发明的农药化合物包括除草剂、杀菌剂和杀虫剂以及植物生长调节剂和抑制剂和植物活化剂。优选的农药是能显示出内吸性或半内吸性(mesostemic)的,这意味着这类化合物是通过植物被输送到植株的不同位置。
适宜的除草剂的实例是:丙草胺,稗草胺,甲羧除草醚,苄草唑,吡唑特,醚黄隆,哌草丹,苄嘧黄隆,吡嘧黄隆,萘丙胺,溴丁酰草胺,苯噻草胺,唑吡嘧磺隆,杀草隆,灭草松,西草净,乙苯酰草(Etobenzanid),氰氟草酯,胺草唑,四唑嘧磺隆,嘧草醚,吡草酮,稗草畏,噻吩草胺,2甲4氯丁酸,呋草黄,抑草磷,环丙嘧磺隆,二甲丙乙净,禾草畏,四唑酰草胺,茚草酮,稻瘟灵,草达灭,Oxadiclomefon,恶嗪草酮,多效唑,环戊恶草酮,调环酸,双唑草腈,西草净,杀草丹和烯效唑。
适宜的杀菌剂的实例是:活化酯,稻瘟灵,种菌唑,异菌脲,喹菌酮,春雷霉素,Capropamid,克菌丹,噻菌灵,福美双,硫菌灵,有机铜(Organocopper),三环唑,氟菌唑,稻纹散,嘧菌酯,咯喹酮,咯菌腈,咪鲜安,烯丙异噻唑,苯菌灵,磺菌威,TPN,BJL-002,BJL-003,百菌清,铜,双氯氰菌胺,哒菌清,克瘟散,氰菌胺,嘧菌腙,氟酰胺,呋吡菌胺,噁霉灵,灭锈胺,苯氧菌胺,稻瘟酯,戊菌隆,叶枯酞和噻氟菌胺。
适宜的杀虫剂的实例是:吡虫啉,醚菊酯,杀螟丹,噻虫嗪,杀虫环,杀虫磺,噁虫威,久效磷,Alprocarb,吡嗪酮(Pymetrozine),丙硫克百威,噻嗪酮,丁硫克百威,乙氰菊酯,杀螟硫磷,氟虫腈,噁唑磷,稻丰散,氟硅菊酯,三唑磷,敌百虫,甲氧虫酰肼和噻虫胺。
在这些农药中,特别优选活化酯,咯菌腈,咯喹酮,噻虫嗪,杀虫环,吡蚜酮,丙草胺,醚黄隆。
本发明另一方面是两种或多种控释系统的组合。这些控释系统可含相同或不同的农药化合物并且显示相同或不同的释放曲线。
本发明另一方面是将另外的成分添加到胶囊中。所述另外的成分可以是例如营养素或肥料。所述另外的成分还可以是其他农药化合物。所述另外的成分可以是固体,但也可以是粘稠的或液体成分。
本发明另一方面是一种制造本申请所述产品的方法,其特征在于在胶囊中放置至少一粒种子和至少一种控释系统,之后封闭胶囊。胶囊密封可包括在方法中或者作为附加步骤。产品优选的实施方案类似地适用于方法。
下文给出具体实施例来说明本发明。
实施例1:A-片和B-片
此实施例说明如何制造含0.2mg噻虫嗪的基片(matrix tablet)形式的控释制剂单位。
在分别过筛以保证得到小粒径(小于400μm)后,将0.53%(w/w)的噻虫啉、98.97%(w/w)的醋酸纤维素(CA 398-10,Eastman,USA)和0.4%(w/w)的Aerosil200(Degussa AG,Germany)以适当量在行星式混合器(Turbula,model T2A,W.A.Bachofen,瑞士)中充分混合15-20分钟。然后添加硬脂酸镁(0.1%w/w),并将粉末再混合3分钟。使用带5-mm直径扁平冲头的实验室偏心式压机(Korsch,modelEK-O,Bauknecht,德国)在可变压力下,优选约140MPa至约270MPa下直接压片可制备片(标称重量:39±1mg)。对于上述所谓的A-片,压力典型地设定到150MPa,对于B-片,压力为260MPa。
实施例2:
此实施例说明如何制造含0.8mg噻虫嗪的基片形式的控释制剂单位。按照实施例1所述相同的方法,将由2.1%(w/w)的噻虫啉、87.4%(w/w)的醋酸纤维素(CA 398-10,Eastman)、10%(w/w)的硬脂酸、0.4%(w/w)aerosil和0.1%(w/w)硬脂酸镁组成的粉末混合物压制成片(标称重量:39±1mg)。
实施例3:C-片
此实施例说明如何制造含0.2mg噻虫嗪的包衣片剂形式的控释制剂单位。
按照实施例1所述相同的方法,使用凸面冲头将由0.53%(w/w)的噻虫啉、58.97%(w/w)的醋酸纤维素(CA 398-10,Eastman)、40%(w/w)乳糖、0.4%(w/w)aerosil和0.1%(w/w)硬脂酸镁组成的粉末混合物压制成片剂的芯(标称重量:39±1mg)。将由丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物的混合物(市售品,Eudragit RS 30 D和Eudragit RL 30D,Rhm GmbH,德国)形成的涂覆溶液喷到芯上。
涂覆剂制备如下:将市售Eudragit(单独的RS 30D或其与RL 30D的85/15、92/8的混合物)的30%水分散体用含增塑剂(柠檬酸三乙酯,15%w/w的干聚合物)的净化水稀释一倍以达到最终分散体中干聚合物含量为15%。在使用前将此混合物轻轻搅拌30分钟。
对于所述C-片,涂覆溶液由42.5%(w/w)Eudragit RS 30 D(30%分散体)、7.5%(w/w)Eudragit RL 30 D(30%分散体)、2.25%(w/w)柠檬酸三乙酯和47.75%(w/w)水构成。
将凸面片(70-200g)装载到配备了底喷系统的实验室规模的流化床设备中。施加干空气流并加热芯直至达到入口/出口温度稳定(15-20分钟)。将丙烯酸水基分散体输送到芯。样本在不同的涂覆时间进行特性和溶解研究。每次喷雾循环间隔5分钟的干燥期,进行观测。继续涂覆直至达到片剂重量增重大约40-45%。在过程终止时,将片剂在相同的温度下再干燥20-25分钟。具体的工艺参数取决于所用的设备并且应仔细地调节以获得最佳的片剂流程、适宜的聚合物分布和有效的成膜条件
实施例4:发芽实验
使用长15mm、直径5mm的羟丙基甲基纤维素胶囊(Capsugel,尺寸2)。胶囊中装入裸露的卷心菜种子和A-或B-片。活性成分的剂量通过向一个胶囊中添加不同量的A-或B-片来改变。15℃下,样品(2*25种子)在纸上发芽。
在第3天时,计数发芽种子的总数并记录到表1中。在第7天时,计数正常植物的数目并记录于表1中。
表1
    试验序号 处理  发芽3d[%-总数]     发芽7d[%-正常]
    100     98     96
    101 胶囊     100     86
    102 涂覆0.4mg ai/种子     70     14
    103 涂覆1.2mg ai/种子     66     0
    104 胶囊0.4mg ai/种子,A-片     100     30
    105 胶囊0.4mg ai/种子,B-片     100     54
    106 胶囊1.2mg ai/种子,A-片     100     28
    107 胶囊1.2mg ai/种子,B-片     100     48
编号100-103实验用于比较。编号104-107实验是按照本发明进行的。
在第3天时,除包衣种子以外的所有种子均已发芽。在第7天时,用胶囊中的种子进行的实验显示其正常植物的数目显著高于包衣种子
实施例5:发芽实验
使用长15mm、直径5mm的羟丙基甲基纤维素胶囊(Capsugel,尺寸2)。胶囊中装入裸露的卷心菜种子和A-或B-片。活性成分的剂量通过向一个胶囊中添加不同量的A-或B-片来改变。18℃下,样品(2*25种子)在被过筛土壤覆盖的土壤上发芽。
在第14天时,计数正常植物的数目并记录于表2中。
表2
    试验序号   处理     发芽14d[%-正常]
    100   无     100
    101   胶囊     88
    102   涂覆0.4mg ai/种子     78
    103   涂覆1.2mg ai/种子     0
    104   胶囊0.4mg ai/种子,A-片     94
    105   胶囊0.4mg ai/种子,B-片     100
    106   胶囊1.2mg ai/种子,A-片     100
    107   胶囊1.2mg ai/种子,B-片     100
编号100-103实验用于比较。编号104-107实验是按照本发明进行的。
在第14天时,用本发明的胶囊中的种子进行的实验显示其正常植物的数目显著高于包衣种子。

Claims (10)

1.用于农业或园艺的产品,包含在水分存在下溶解或崩解的胶囊,胶囊中有至少一粒种子和含农药的控释系统。
2.权利要求1所述的产品,其中的胶囊长10-20mm,直径范围是3-8mm。
3.权利要求1和2中任一项所述的产品,其中的胶囊材料是淀粉或羟丙基甲基纤维素。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项所述的产品,其中的种子是蔬菜或花卉种子。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的产品,其中的控释系统是以连续的方式长期释放所述农药的系统。
6.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的产品,其中的控释系统含0.1-50%重量的农药。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项所述的产品,其中的农药选自活化酯、咯菌腈、咯喹酮、噻虫嗪、杀虫环、吡蚜酮、丙草胺和醚黄隆。
8.权利要求1所述的产品,其中
-胶囊长10-20mm,直径范围3-8mm,
-胶囊材料是淀粉或羟丙基甲基纤维素,
-种子是蔬菜或花卉种子,
-控释系统是含0.1-50%重量的农药,和
-农药选自活化酯、咯菌腈、咯喹酮、噻虫嗪、杀虫环、吡蚜酮、丙草胺和醚黄隆。
9.权利要求1所述产品的制造方法,其特征在于在胶囊中放置至少一粒种子和至少一个控释系统,之后封闭胶囊。
10.权利要求9所述的方法,特征在于密封胶囊。
CNA028251202A 2001-11-23 2002-11-22 一种用于农业或园艺的产品 Pending CN1604732A (zh)

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US20060162249A1 (en) 2006-07-27
WO2003045139A3 (en) 2003-11-13
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CN102273338A (zh) 2011-12-14
AU2002352873A1 (en) 2003-06-10
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