CN1579553A - Ii型猪圆环病毒核酸疫苗的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
Ii型猪圆环病毒核酸疫苗的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种II型猪圆环病毒核酸疫苗的制备方法及其应用。制备方法为:1)设计特异性引物,以PCV2杭州株(HZ0201)的基因组为模板,通过PCR的方法克隆PCV-2的ORF1、ORF2、ORF3和ORF4基因,与pCI-neo构建为真核表达载体;2)分离猪外周血单个核细胞,通过RT-PCR方法克隆猪IFN、IL-2和IL-4基因,并与pCI-neo构建为真核表达载体;3)以上述重组载体为基础,分别构建PCV2 ORF2与PCV2的其它基因或与猪细胞因子基因的融合表达载体;本发明的优点:(1)不需培养病毒,生产周期短;(2)不需细胞培养,有效防止其它猪源病毒的污染;(3)不表达对机体有害的致病蛋白,安全性高;(4)可同时激活体液免疫与细胞免疫应答。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物新技术领域,尤其涉及一种II型猪圆环病毒核酸疫苗的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
断奶仔猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)是1997年在加拿大首先发生一种新的猪病,表现进行性消瘦、呼吸困难、皮肤苍白、腹泻、黄疸。1998年,Ellis等首次分离到该病的病原,为II型猪圆环病毒(PCV2)。郎洪武等(2000)对北京、河北、山东、天津、江西、吉林、河南7省(市)22个猪群的559份血清检测表明,PCV2总阳性率为42.9%。周继勇等对浙江省杭州地区28个猪场采集了1677份猪血清,用IFA试验检测血清中PCV2抗体,结果PCV2抗体总阳性率为57.25%,表明PCV2在我国的流行情况也比较严重。PMWS对养猪业造成重大经济损失,PCV2是疫苗的研制成为急需解决的问题。
常规疫苗包括灭活苗或弱毒苗,但由于PCV2在细胞培养中不产生细胞病变,难以产生高滴度的病毒粒子,用常规技术制备PCV2疫苗十分不便,至今尚无II型猪圆环病毒常规疫苗可用。核酸免疫是一种新型的免疫技术,它是将编码抗原基因的表达性载体通过肌肉注射的方法给予动物,诱导机体产生免疫应答。
细胞因子佐剂对核酸疫苗的增强作用越来越受到人们的重视,根据产生的Th细胞亚群的不同,细胞因子可分为Th1型细胞因子(IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-15,IL-18)和Th2型细胞因子(IL-4,IL-5,IL-6,IL-10)两类。细胞因子基因佐剂的应用对核酸免疫技术起了巨大的推动作用,能有效克服某些核酸疫苗免疫效力不足问题。IL-2和IFN-γ是常见的Th1型细胞因子,IL-4是常见的Th2型细胞因子,可以作为基因佐剂来增强PCV2核酸疫苗的免疫效力。我们用真核表达载体pCI-neo构建的PCV2基因、猪细胞因子、以及融合表达载体,转染PK-15细胞后,经间接免疫荧光(IFA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)或Westernblot检测,证明能在PK-15细胞中表达。在此基础上,将其作为核酸疫苗分别免疫4-6周龄猪,发现能诱导产生针对PCV2的体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。表明我们构建的真核表达质粒可作为核酸疫苗来使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种II型猪圆环病毒核酸疫苗的制备方法及其应用。
制备方法为:
1)设计特异性引物,以PCV2杭州株(HZ0201)的基因组为模板,通过PCR的方法克隆PCV-2的ORF1、ORF2、ORF3和ORF4基因,与pCI-neo构建为真核表达载体;
2)分离猪外周血单个核细胞,通过RT-PCR方法克隆猪IFN、IL-2和IL-4基因,并与pCI-neo构建为真核表达载体;
3)以上述重组载体为基础,分别构建PCV2 ORF2与PCV2的其它基因或与猪细胞因子基因的融合表达载体;
所构建的核酸疫苗免疫小鼠后,能诱导机体产生针对PCV2的体液免疫及细胞免疫反应。
所构建的核酸疫苗免疫仔猪后,能诱导机体产生针对PCV2的体液免疫及细胞免疫反应。
本发明的优点:
(1)不需培养病毒,生产周期短;
(2)不需细胞培养,有效防止其它猪源病毒的污染;
(3)不表达对机体有害的致病蛋白,安全性高;
(4)可同时激活体液免疫与细胞免疫应答;
附图说明
图1,真核表达载体pCI-neo的结构示意图;
图2,pCI-PCV2-ORF1重组质粒的鉴定,1.MluI和SalI双酶切,切出约945bp大小片段;2.以F1P1/F1P2作为引物的PCR产物:960bp;3.以PC1/PC2作为引物的PCR产物:1045bp;M.DNA marker;
图3,猪IFN-γ、IL2、IL4基因的RT-PCR结果,分别扩增出大小为501bp、465bp、402bp的特异性条带;M.DNA marker;
图4,pCI-pIL2重组质粒的鉴定,1.MluI和SalI双酶切:约465bp;2,3.以PIL21/PIL22为引物的PCR产物:约480bp;4.以PC1/PC2为引物的PCR产物:约587bp;M.DNA marker;
图5,pCI-pIL4重组质粒的鉴定,1.MluI和SalI双酶切:约412bp片段;2.以PIL41/PIL42为引物的PCR产物:约420bp;3.以PC1/PC2为引物进行的PCR产物:约524bp;M.DNA marker;
图6,pCI-pIFN重组质粒的鉴定,1.MluI和SalI双酶切:约507bp;2.以IF1/IF2为引物的PCR产物:519bp;3:以PC1/PC2为引物的PCR产物:约597bp;M.DNAmarker;
图7,pCI-PCV2-ORF1转染细胞的IFA检测(200×),以猪PCV2多抗血清为一抗、FITC标记的羊抗鼠IgG为二抗,IFA法检测转染48h后的PK15,发现细胞的胞浆中呈现特异性的荧光染色;
图8.pCI-PCV2-ORF2转染细胞的IFA检测(200×),以猪PCV2多抗血清为一抗、FITC标记的羊抗鼠IgG为二抗,IFA法检测转染48h后的PK15,发现细胞的胞浆中呈现特异性的荧光染色。
具体实施方式
本发明所说PCV2 ORF2与PCV2其它基因的融合表达载体的构建:是将PCV2ORF2与PCV2 ORF1、ORF3、ORF4基因相连接,并亚克隆于真核表达载体pCI-neo,构建重组质粒pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF1、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF3、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF4作为PCV2核酸疫苗。
PCV2 ORF2与猪细胞因子基因的融合表达载体构建:是将PCV2 ORF2与猪IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4基因相连接,并亚克隆于真核表达载体pCI-neo,构建重组质粒pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIFN、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIL2、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIL4作为PCV2核酸疫苗。
本发明性能的测定:
1)将纯化的重组质粒,用脂质体转染PK15细胞,转染后收集培养不同时间(24h、48h、72h)的细胞上清液进行ELISA检测或活性试验,对培养48h后的细胞进行IFA或Western blot检测,证明重组载体在真核细胞中的可以正确表达。
2)用制备重组载体免疫6-8周龄BALB/C雄鼠,间隔2周免疫三次,证明重组质粒可诱导机体产生针对PCV2的体液免疫及细胞免疫反应。
3)用制备的重组载体免疫4-6周龄仔猪,间隔2周免疫3次,证明重组质粒可诱导机体产生针对PCV2的体液免疫及细胞免疫反应,同时对猪无致病性。
实施例1:II型猪圆环病毒核酸ORF1~ORF4真核表达载体的构建
根据PCV2毒株HZ0201的基因序列,分别设计PCV2 ORF1、ORF2、ORF3、ORF4基因的特异性引物,引物序列如下:
PCV2 ORF1基因引物:
f1p1:ATAACGCGTCATGCCCAGCAAGAAG
f1p2:GCGGTCGACGACTCAGTAATTTATTTCATATGG
PCV2 ORF2基因引物:
f2ms1:GCGGTCGACTCATTAAGGGTTAAGTGGG
f2ms2:TATACGCGTTTATGACGTATCCAAGGAGG
PCV2 ORF3基因引物:
f3P1:TAAGTCGACCTTACTGATGGAGTGTGG
f3P2:ATAACGCGTATGGTAACCATCCCAC
PCV2 ORF4基因引物:
f4P1:TATGTCGACTCTCAGGGACAACGG
f4P2:ATAACGCGTCAATGACGTGTACATTAGTCT
以上的上、下游引物分别引入MluI和SalI位点。
同时根据pCI-neo载体序列,在其多克隆位点附近分别设计上下游引物,用于重组载体的鉴定:
PC1:GAGTACTTAATACGAC
PC2:CGAAGCATTAACC
以抽提的PCV2基因组DNA为模板,扩增PCV2的以上基因。PCR程序为:95℃变性10min,后按95℃ 1min,48℃ 1min,72℃ 90sec进行30个循环,最后72℃延伸10min。
用1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR产物并回收纯化分别为945bp、702bp、315bp、180bp的特异性片段,用MluI和SalI双酶切,与同样经MluI和SalI双酶切并回收纯化的pCI-neo载体用T4 DNA连接酶进行连接反应,转化E.coliTOP10感受态细胞,在含Amp的LB培养基平板上挑取阳性克隆,经酶切、PCR和测序鉴定,正确构建pCI-PCV2-ORF1、pCI-PCV2-ORF2、pCI-PCV2-ORF3、pCI-PCV2-ORF4真核表达载体。
实施例2:猪IL2、IL4和IFN-γ真核表达载体的构建
采取健康大约克猪血10ml,用淋巴细胞分离液分离淋巴细胞,后悬浮于RPMl1640综合培养基中,将细胞悬液稀释至2×106/ml,加conA终浓度至10mg/ml,置于细胞培养板中,CO2培养箱中37℃培养48h。然后取培养细胞用Trizol Reagent提取总RNA。根据已发表的猪IL2、IL4和IFN-γcDNA序列,设计上下游引物:
猪IL2引物:
PIL21:ATAACGCGTCAATGTATAAGATGCAG
PIL22:TCAGTCGACTTATCAAGTCAGTGTTG
猪IL4引物:
PIL41:ATAACGCGTGCTCTATTCATGGG
PIL42:TATGTCGACTTCAACACTTTGAGTAT
猪IFN-γ引物:
IF1:ATAACGCGTACAATGAGTTATACAAC
IF2:TAGGTCGACACAATTATTTTGATGCT
以上的上、下游引物分别引入MluI和SalI位点。
按RevertAidTM First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit说明书,以Olig(dT)18为引物,M-MuLV逆转录酶作用下反转录合成猪IL-2 cDNA第一链;反转录产物在94℃ 40s,45℃ 40s,72℃ 50s的条件下进行PCR扩增,共30个循环。最后72℃延伸10min,PCR产物经1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析并回收,应分别扩增出大小为465bp、402bp、501bp的特异性条带。用MluI和SalI双酶切RT-PCR扩增产物,与同样经MluI和SalI双酶切回收纯化的pCI-neo载体连接,转化E.coli TOP10感受态细胞,在含Amp的LB培养基平板上挑取阳性克隆。经酶切、PCR和测序鉴定,正确构建pCI-pIL2、pCI-pIL4和pCI-pIFN真核表达载体。
实施例3:PCV2 ORF2与PCV2其它基因的融合表达载体构建
设计引物,以PCV2基因组为模板,通过PCR方法扩增PCV2 ORF2基因,扩增产物用XhoI和MluI双酶切,与同样酶切的pCI-PCV2-ORF1、pCI-PCV2-ORF3、pCI-PCV2-ORF4载体相连,构建为pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF1、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF3、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF4融合表达载体。
PCV2 ORF2的扩增引物分别为:
pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF1:
f2xm1:TCTCTCGAGTATGACGTATCCAAGGAGGC
f2xm21:TAGACGCGTAAAGGGTTAAGTGGGGGGT
pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF3:
f2xm1:TCTCTCGAGTATGACGTATCCAAGGAGGC
f2xm20:TAGACGCGTAGGGTTAAGTGGGGGGT
pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF4:
f2xm1:TCTCTCGAGTATGACGTATCCAAGGAGGC
f2xm22:TAGACGCGTAAGGGTTAAGTGGGGGGT
PCR程序为:95℃变性10min,后按94℃ 40s,52℃ 40s,72℃ 50s进行35个循环,最后72℃延伸10min。
实施例4:PCV2 ORF2与猪细胞因子基因的融合表达载体构建
设计引物,以PCV2基因组为模板,通过PCR方法扩增PCV2 ORF2基因。将扩增产物用XhoI和MluI双酶切,与同样酶切的pCI-pIL2、pCI-pIL4、pCI-pIFN载体连接,构建为pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIL2、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIL4、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIFN融合表达载体。
构建pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIL2的扩增引物同pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF4,为f2xm1/f2xm22;构建pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIL4、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIFN的扩增引物同pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF3,为f2xm1/f2xm20,PCR程序同实施例3。
实施例5:重组表达载体在真核细胞中的表达检测
以1ug纯化质粒加2ul Invitrogen公司的Lipofectamine Reagent转染试剂,按说明书转染2×105 PK15细胞。为检测PCV2 ORF1、ORF2、ORF3和ORF4及其融合表达产物,分别以PCV2 ORF1~4特异性单抗和PCV2病毒多抗为一抗,按常规进行间接免疫荧光(IFA)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)或Western blot,检测PCV2 ORF1~4编码产物在真核细胞中的表达。为检测猪IL2、IL4和IFN-γ基因及其融合表达产物,分别以猪IL2、IL4和IFN-γ特异性单抗为一抗,按常规进行IFA试验,检测以上猪细胞因子基因在真核细胞中的表达。检测结果表明,所构建的重组载体均能在真核细胞中正确表达。
实施例6:重组猪IL2、IL4的生物学活性检测
用MTT法检测PK15细胞表达的重组pCI-pIL2、pCI-pIL4的生物学活性:分离猪外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),制备1×106~5×106悬液,加conA至终浓度20μg/ml,分装于96孔板中,诱导培养3-5天后,每孔加入100μl倍比稀释的PK15细胞培养上清,每个样品设3-5个重复,继续培养72h,加入5mg/ml的MTT溶液20μl,继续培养4h。每孔加入100μl含0.04mol/LHCl的异丙醇,置培养箱恒温反应2小时,取出细胞培养板,室温下放置20min,用酶联仪测定A490光密度值。表明重组猪IL2、IL4具有生物学活性。
实施例7:PCV2核酸疫苗对小鼠的免疫效果检测
大规模制备质粒,紫外分光光度法测定DNA含量和纯度,调整DNA浓度为1mg/ml。免疫6-8周龄BALB/C雄鼠,方法为:后肢股四头肌每侧各肌注7.5g/L的布比卡因10μl,72h后每侧注射重组质粒50μl,即100μg质粒/只,每组6只-10只。每隔2周按相同方法注射相同剂量,共免疫三次。同时设空载体组作对照。免疫结束后第二周分别通过淋巴细胞增殖试验(LPA)、T淋巴细胞介导的细胞毒试验(CTL)和酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测免疫鼠的细胞免疫及体液免疫应答。检测结果表明免疫鼠可产生针对PCV2的特异性细胞免疫及体液免疫反应。
淋巴细胞增殖试验(LPA)的具体过程:基因免疫结束后第2周,取免疫小鼠的脾脏,制备脾淋巴细胞悬液,将细胞浓度调整为1×I06/ml,加入96孔板,每孔200ul,加入纯化的PCV2和ORF2蛋白进行刺激(另设空白对照),每样平行三孔。37℃,5%CO2条件下培养68h后,每孔中加入5mg/mlMTT溶液20ul,37℃下5%CO2培养箱中继续培养4h,小心吸弃孔内培养上清,加入DMSO150ul/孔,振荡10min,测定各孔OD490值,计算增殖指数。增殖指数:抗原刺激组OD490值/空白对照组值OD490值。
T淋巴细胞介导的细胞毒试验(CTL)的具体过程:基因免疫结束后第2周进行检测,在24孔培养板中加入2×I07/ml免疫鼠脾细胞悬液0.25ml,同时加入1ml RPM 11640培养液,置37℃5%条件下培养5d,收集细胞,洗2次,计活细胞数,调成5×I06/ml作为效应细胞备用。将接种PCV2的,处于对数生长期的PK15细胞,清洗2次,消化,悬浮为2×I05个/mL作为靶细胞。96孔培养板中加入效应细胞100μl和靶细胞100μl,每个样本设3个复孔。并设效应细胞自然释放孔、阴性对照(不加效应细胞)、最大释放孔(用100μl 1%NP40代替效应细胞)。37℃5%条件下培养6h后取出。200×g离心培养板10min,每孔吸100μl上清液,对应加入另一块96孔酶联检测板中,每孔加入新配制的LDH底物混合液100μl,,室温放置20min。在酶标仪上测各孔的OD值,检测波长为492nm,参考波长为650nm。特异性杀伤活性(细胞毒)的计算:先将3个复孔的OD值计算平均值,然后按计算细胞毒百分数:细胞毒%=(试验孔OD值—靶细胞自然释放孔OD值/最大释放孔OD值—靶细胞自然释放孔OD值)×100%.
实施例8:PCV2核酸疫苗对猪的免疫效果检测
大规模制备质粒,免疫4-6周龄、PCV2抗体阴性猪,每只猪注射相应质粒200μg,免疫程序为间隔2周免疫3次,同时设空载体组作对照。首免后每周采血,通过ELISA检测血清中PCV2抗体效价;同时首次免疫后每周采血,通过流式细胞仪计数血液中的CD4+、CD8+T细胞的变化;免疫结束后第2周,取免疫猪的脾脏,检测淋巴细胞增殖活性(LPA)和T淋巴细胞介导的细胞毒(CTL)作用。结果表明PCV2核酸疫苗能有效介导机体对PCV2的特异性免疫反应。
实施例9:PCV2核酸疫苗对猪的安全性试验
为检测PCV2 ORF1~4核酸疫苗对猪是否安全,基因免疫后观察猪的精神状态、采食、体温、体重等变化;免疫结束后取实验猪的腹股沟淋巴结进行组织组织学检查,并用免疫组化(IHC)检测淋巴组织中的PCV2编码蛋白的分布。
结果表明PCV2核酸疫苗对猪的精神状态、采食、体温、体重等无明显影响,不产生明显组织学病变,有较高安全性。
Claims (5)
1.一种猪II型圆环病毒核酸疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于方法的步骤为:
1)设计特异性引物,以PCV2杭州株(HZ0201)的基因组为模板,通过PCR的方法克隆PCV-2的ORF1、ORF2、ORF3和ORF4基因,与pCI-neo构建为真核表达载体,以PCV2 ORF1、ORF2、ORF3、ORF4基因作为PCV2核酸疫苗的基本组成部分;
2)分离猪外周血单个核细胞,通过RT-PCR方法克隆猪IFN、IL-2和IL-4基因,并与pCI-neo构建为真核表达载体,以猪IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4基因作为基因佐剂;
3)以上述重组载体为基础,分别构建PCV2 ORF2与PCV2的其它基因或与猪细胞因子基因的融合表达载体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种猪II型圆环病毒核酸疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于所说PCV2 ORF2与PCV2其它基因的融合表达载体的构建:是将PCV2 ORF2与PCV2 ORF1、ORF3、ORF4基因相连接,并亚克隆于真核表达载体pCI-neo,构建重组质粒pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF1、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF3、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-ORF4作为PCV2核酸疫苗。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种猪II型圆环病毒核酸疫苗的制备方法,其特征在于所说PCV2 ORF2与猪细胞因子基因的融合表达载体构建:是将PCV2 ORF2与猪IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4基因相连接,并亚克隆于真核表达载体pCI-neo,构建重组质粒pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIFN、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIL2、pCI-PCV2-ORF2-pIL4作为PCV2核酸疫苗。
4.一种猪II型圆环病毒核酸疫苗的应用,其特征在于:所构建的核酸疫苗免疫小鼠后,能诱导机体产生针对PCV2的体液免疫及细胞免疫反应。
5.一种猪II型圆环病毒核酸疫苗的应用,其特征在于:所构建的核酸疫苗免疫仔猪后,能诱导机体产生针对PCV2的体液免疫及细胞免疫反应。
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