CN1568251A - 用于获得塑料熔液的挤出机 - Google Patents

用于获得塑料熔液的挤出机 Download PDF

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CN1568251A
CN1568251A CNA028201876A CN02820187A CN1568251A CN 1568251 A CN1568251 A CN 1568251A CN A028201876 A CNA028201876 A CN A028201876A CN 02820187 A CN02820187 A CN 02820187A CN 1568251 A CN1568251 A CN 1568251A
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extruder
screw
gear
screw shaft
ring
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CN1292888C (zh
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D·格诺伊斯
W·瓦拉赫
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Gneuss Kunststofftechnik GmbH
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Lefin Haosen Machinery Factory Co Ltd
Gneuss Kunststofftechnik GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/765Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
    • B29C48/766Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
    • B29C48/767Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/485Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with three or more shafts provided with screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/86Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for working at sub- or superatmospheric pressure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/435Sub-screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B29C48/425Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders using three or more screws
    • B29C48/43Ring extruders
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/24Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
    • B29C67/246Moulding high reactive monomers or prepolymers, e.g. by reaction injection moulding [RIM], liquid injection moulding [LIM]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于获得塑料熔液的挤出机,该挤出机用于由商业上惯用的塑料颗粒通过加热的单或双螺杆挤出机对于颗粒进行加热和碾压,并用于借助于多螺杆挤出部件以及利用抽真空的腔室实现缩聚和聚合,用于去除低分子成分和/或泡沫剂等物,以及用于得到更大分子尺寸并由此得到更高的粘度,以及提高由熔液制成的塑料的机械承载性,它允许将熔液加工成在真空中提供大的接触面积的薄层,并由此以简单的措施提供塑料熔液,它保证任意地脱气和缩聚。为此建议,所述螺杆轴(7)的包络线至少在多螺杆挤出部件(6)的缩聚部位上相互之间、对于挤出机螺杆(4)或其轴段(10)、并且对于包围该螺杆轴的圆柱体部位大于等于零(≥0)地间隔距离。

Description

用于获得塑料熔液的挤出机
本发明涉及一种用于获得塑料熔液的挤出机,该挤出机用于由商业上惯用的塑料颗粒通过借助于加热的单或双螺杆挤出机对于所述颗粒进行加热并碾压,并用于借助于多螺杆挤出部件并利用抽真空的腔室实现缩聚和聚合,用于去除低分子成分和/或泡沫剂(Schaeummittel)等物,以及用于得到更大分子尺寸并由此得到更高的粘度,以及提高由熔液制成的塑料的机械承载性。
商业上惯用的塑料颗粒可以在一个单螺杆挤出机中加工成一种熔液,该溶液例如适合于注塑成塑料制品,而且也适合拉成纤维。但是薄的塑料薄膜需要更韧性且更能承载的原料用于其再加工。对此已知,可将单螺杆挤出机连接到脱气机构上,该脱气机构通过EP 0588 998 A1属于现有技术,在那里通过使塑料熔液穿过抽真空的空间可以获得这种原料。在这里可以通过薄熔液层在抽真空腔室中停留较长的时间而去除低分子成分、如乙二醇或类似成分。例如由DE100 20 646 C1或DE 40 01 986 C1可以得出类似的脱气单元。但是对于在这里所述的结构涉及相对复杂的机组结构,其中轴相互啮合,挤出机和脱气单元相对较高的制造成本同样是有明显缺陷的。
因此本发明任务的是,完成一种合理成本和结构特别简单的挤出机,它允许将熔液加工成薄层,该薄层向真空提供大的接触面积,并由此通过简单的措施提供塑料熔液,它允许任意的脱气和聚合。
这个任务通过权利要求1的特征得以实现。螺杆轴的包络线相互间隔距离地设置或者到该螺杆轴包围的部件大于等于零地设置,也就是,螺杆轴既不相互咬合(kaemmen)也不与挤出机螺杆或其轴段进行咬合,并且也不与包围该螺杆轴的圆柱体部位咬合,这样为了产生最佳的输送速度螺杆能够以不同的转速进行驱动。对于熔液输送重要的是,在螺杆轴相互之间和/或螺杆轴与外壳之间和/或螺杆轴与挤出机螺杆或其轴段之间产生相对运动。
因此不必费事地加工轴和外壳,由此在加工时降低成本。此外由于没有咬合,在螺杆轴之间以及在螺杆轴与包围该螺杆轴的外壳和挤出机螺杆件之间得到多个自由面,因此也可以毫无问题地加工不干净的熔液,而不会导致损坏和大的磨损,而不干净熔液对于相互啮合的螺杆和可能与外壳咬合的轴可能会在多螺杆挤出部件上造成损伤。
另一优点是,所述螺杆由于没有咬合可以具有不同的螺距,由此可以对在多螺杆挤出部件中的停留时间以及输送速度施加影响。
按照权利要求2的特征构成多螺杆挤出部件已证明是可靠的。由此可以通过挤出机螺杆或其轴段毫无问题地驱动多螺杆挤出部件的螺杆轴。由此实现只需要对于塑化成形单元以及对于多螺杆挤出部件进行驱动。
如果像权利要求3中所建议的那样,所述螺杆轴装进引导体中,那么这个引导体可以对于外壳固定地安装,并仅仅使螺杆轴在引导体中旋转。也可以使引导体自身在外壳中引导,并使螺杆轴在引导体中旋转,而这个引导体在这种情况下本身还在外壳5中旋转运动。
有利的还有,引导体与轴段固定连接,并且设置在带齿的轴的端部上的齿轮在外壳的齿圈中运行。
按照权利要求6的另一可能性是,螺杆轴的带齿的轴颈不仅与齿环而且也与齿圈啮合。由此使带齿的螺杆获得自身的旋转并且还附加地围绕所述轴段旋转。
如果在多螺杆挤出机中设有不同的齿环和/或齿圈,则可以根据传动比以不同的速度驱动不同的螺杆轴。当然也存在另一可能性,对每个齿圈分别配置一个马达,该马达在其速度上是可以调节的,以便能够可调节地使所述螺杆轴旋转驱动。
在从属权利要求12至17中给出其它的有利的且值得推荐的方案。
下面结合示出螺杆挤出机实施例的附图,通过对该实施例的叙述描述本发明。附图示出:
图1具有断开表示的轴部位的一种组合的单轴和多螺杆挤出机,
图2图1中挤出机的设计为多螺杆挤出机的部分的横截面图,
图3按照第二种变型的挤出机的设计为多螺杆挤出机的部分的横截面图,
图4按照第三种变型的挤出机的设计为多螺杆挤出机的部分的横截面图。
在图1中示出一个挤出机1,其壳体2配有一个附加的用于可能供给填加物的输入通道3,并且该挤出机具有一个在右端断开表示的且在这个端部上通过未示出的驱动机构进行驱动的挤出机螺杆4。一个多螺杆挤出部件6的外壳5拼接到壳体2上,或者壳体2台阶形地过渡到多螺杆挤出部件6的外壳5中。在多螺杆挤出部件6中配有多个、在本实施例中为十个(见图2)轴向平行设置的螺杆轴7,它们分别在两侧配有带齿的轴颈8。该带齿的轴颈分别嵌入外壳5的内齿中。在本实施例(图1)中在外壳5的两端分别插入、固定一个内齿齿圈9或一个类似的引导体,该引导体承担起引导功能;或者外壳与该引导体一体成形。所述挤出机螺杆4以轴段10穿过外壳5,在该轴段两端上抗扭转地设置一个具有外齿的齿环11。如图1所示,轴段10可以设计成圆柱形。但是也完全存在这种可能性:在这里配有一个用于轴向推进熔液的螺旋件。所述外壳5配有一个真空通道12,它与一个未示出的真空泵、例如一个盖德泵(Gaedepump)或一个扩散泵连接。
所述外壳5在输出端通过一个端部段13进行封闭,该端部段由挤出机螺杆4的端部段透穿。
所述螺杆轴7通过其螺距分别到达或相切圆柱形成形的轴段10的表面、或者设计为螺旋的轴段10的外表面(包络线)。
因此下面的运行方式要实现:
在驱动挤出机螺杆4时获得通过输入通道3输入的塑料颗粒,例如在壳体2加热的壁板上熔化并通过被驱动的挤出机螺杆4的螺杆旋圈(Schneckenwindung)向着环形多螺杆挤出部件6的方向上移动,并导入到这个螺杆挤出部件中。所述挤出机螺杆4的结构相应于一个与待加工的原料相协调的挤出机螺杆,其中在图1中作为一个可能的实施例的螺杆旋圈的螺距在向着多螺杆挤出部件6的方向上减小,并由此一方面对应于在熔化时减小的体积,而另一方面提供多螺杆挤出部件6所必需的工作压力。在多螺杆挤出部件6本身上,螺杆轴7以其带齿的轴颈8通过两个抗扭转地与挤出机螺杆4的轴段10连接的齿环11进行驱动。此外所述带齿的轴颈8啮合在固定的齿圈9上,使得螺杆轴7不仅围绕其轴线而且也围绕挤出机螺杆4的轴段10的轴线旋转。在此旋转的螺杆轴7以其螺杆顶点接近相切于挤出机螺杆4的轴段10地运行,并且薄薄碾压的熔液可以将气体排到抽真空的、被外壳5所包围的空间中,然后该气体通过真空通道12借助于泵被抽出。
为了使穿过多螺杆挤出部件6的熔液保持尽可能的薄壁形,图3示出一种替换方案,按照该方案所述螺杆轴7在凹槽14中被引导体15固定。所述凹槽14匹配于螺杆轴7的圆周形状,因此在这里使熔液层保持薄壁形。按照图3的螺杆轴7不与齿圈9啮合,而是这样保持在固定的引导体15上,使该螺杆轴只围绕其轴线旋转。
图4示出一个多螺杆挤出部件6’,它配有九根螺杆轴7’。所述螺杆轴7’支承在一个引导体15’上,该引导体通过一个键16抗扭转地与轴段10’连接。
所述螺杆轴7’的带齿的轴颈啮合在固定在壳体5’上的一个齿圈9’上。通过轴段10’的旋转运动所述引导体15’同样也处于旋转运动中。支承在引导体15’上的螺杆轴7’在此在齿圈9’处运行,并由此除了围绕轴段10’的旋转运动以外还处于围绕其自身的旋转运动中。
如果在这里(未示出)具有不同的齿圈9’,它们与不同的带齿的轴颈啮合,则可以根据不同的传动比使螺杆轴7’到达不同的速度。
在环形的多螺杆挤出部件6的输出端上以该挤出机螺杆4的端部来使该挤出机螺杆延伸。在这里首先设有一个相对高的螺杆旋圈螺距,该螺杆旋圈通过加大螺纹根直径而向着自由端削平。
附图标记表
1  挤出机
2  壳体
3  输入通道
4  挤出机螺杆
5  外壳
6  多螺杆挤出部件
7  螺杆轴
8  带齿的轴颈
9  齿圈
10 轴段
11 齿环
12 真空通道
13 端部段
14 凹槽
15 引导体
16 键

Claims (17)

1.一种用于获得塑料熔液的挤出机,该挤出机由商业上惯用的塑料颗粒通过借助于加热的单或双螺杆挤出机对于颗粒进行加热和碾压,并用于借助于多螺杆挤出部件(6)以及利用抽真空的腔室实现缩聚和聚合,用于去除低分子成分和/或泡沫剂等物,以及用于得到更大分子尺寸并由此得到更高的粘度,以及提高由熔液制成的塑料的机械承载性,其特征在于,螺杆轴(7)的包络线至少在多螺杆挤出部件(6)的缩聚部位上相互之间、对于挤出机螺杆(4)或其轴段(10)、并且对于包围该螺杆轴的圆柱体部位大于等于零(≥0)地间隔距离。
2.如权利要求1所述的挤出机,其特征在于,在所述轴段(10)上滚动至少两个构成为多螺杆挤出部件(6)的、轴线平行设置的螺杆轴(7),其中每个螺杆轴(7)具有至少一个构成为齿轮的轴颈(8),它啮合到至少一个齿环(11)中,该齿环与中心的挤出机螺杆(4)的轴段(10)抗扭转地连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述螺杆轴(7)在凹槽(14)中由至少一个引导体(15)固定,其中引导体(15)可以装在多螺杆挤出部件(6)的外壳(5)上或在该外壳上引导。
4.如权利要求1所述的挤出机,其特征在于,在所述轴段(10)上抗扭转地固定一个引导体(15’),在其凹槽(14’)中支承螺杆轴(7’),该螺杆轴的构成为齿轮的轴颈(8’)啮合进至少一个齿圈(9’)中,该齿圈与外壳(5)进行连接。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的挤出机,其特征在于,这样构成所述凹槽(14,14’),使所述引导体(15,15’)以微小的距离包围螺杆轴(7,7’)的包络线。
6.如权利要求2所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述螺杆轴(7)在两端构成为带齿的轴颈(8),并且每一侧的带齿的轴颈(8)一起与其它带齿的轴颈(8)由每个齿圈(9)或类似的承担引导的引导体所包围。
7.如权利要求4或6所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述齿圈(9,9’)与多螺杆挤出部件(6)的外壳(5)连接或者在外壳上加工出该齿圈的啮合齿。
8.如权利要求2至7中任一项所述的挤出机,其特征在于,不同螺杆轴(7,7’)的构成为齿轮的轴颈(8,8’)啮合在不同的齿环(11)和/或齿圈(9,9’)中。
9.如权利要求8所述的挤出机,其特征在于,不同的齿环(11)和/或齿圈(9,9’)利用构成为齿轮的轴颈(8,8’)而具有不同的传动比。
10.如权利要求8或9所述的挤出机,其特征在于,对于每个螺杆轴(7,7’)分别设有一个不同的齿环(11)和/或齿圈(9,9’)。
11.如权利要求8所述的挤出机,其特征在于,不同的齿圈(9,9’)在外壳(5)中可旋转地引导并由马达驱动。
12.如权利要求1至11中任一项所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述多螺杆挤出部件(6)的外壳(5)设置一个用于连接到一个真空泵上的真空通道(12)。
13.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述轴段(10)具有圆柱形的形状。
14.如权利要求1至13中任一项所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述轴段(10)具有至少一个螺旋,通过该螺旋可以在挤出机螺杆(4)的输送方向上或与该方向相反的输送方向上沿轴向输送熔液。
15.如权利要求14所述的挤出机,其特征在于,齿环(11)由所述螺旋构成。
16.如权利要求2至15中任一项所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述带齿的轴颈(8)与齿圈(9,9’)或齿环(11)之间的齿啮合是直齿啮合或斜齿啮合。
17.如权利要求2至16中任一项所述的挤出机,其特征在于,所述螺杆轴(7,7’)的螺杆具有不同的螺距。
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Address before: German bard Erskine Schoenberg

Co-patentee before: Lefenhausen Machinery Factory Co.,Ltd.

Patentee before: Gneuss Kunststofftechnik GmbH

CX01 Expiry of patent term
CX01 Expiry of patent term

Granted publication date: 20070103