CN105916576B - 用于制造聚合物的装置 - Google Patents

用于制造聚合物的装置 Download PDF

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CN105916576B
CN105916576B CN201480064321.6A CN201480064321A CN105916576B CN 105916576 B CN105916576 B CN 105916576B CN 201480064321 A CN201480064321 A CN 201480064321A CN 105916576 B CN105916576 B CN 105916576B
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S.格纽斯
D.格纽斯
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Abstract

一种用于制造聚合物、优选地用于处理并且缩聚聚酯的装置，所述装置带有基本上圆柱体的反应器(1)，所述反应器(1)一方面具有进入开口(2)并且另一方面具有排出开口(4)以及具有用于引开气体的排放部(20)，所述装置应当如此来改进，即所述装置具有紧凑的结构，即使在产生更少的量的情况下也允许使用更高粘性的原始物质，所述装置在其程序条件方面可理想地来调整并且所述装置为可变的成本适宜的解决方案。为此提出：反应器(1)具有连贯的、中央的轴(6)，在所述轴(6)上布置有搅拌元件或搅拌元件和输送元件；进入开口(2)与输入挤出机(3)处于连接；反应器的轴(6)和输入挤出机(3)的轴(6)形成共同的轴(6)；以及供入挤出机(3)关联有用于共同的轴(6)的驱动机构(7)。

Description

用于制造聚合物的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造聚合物、优选地用于处理并且缩聚聚酯的装置，所述装置带有反应器，所述反应器一方面具有进入开口并且另一方面具有排出开口以及具有用于引开气体的排放部。
背景技术
大规模地例如借助于根据文件DE 695 20 087 T2或文件DE OS 19 59 139的反应器来制造聚合物、尤其聚酯。这样的反应器通常利用带有直至10 Pas的低至中粘性的原始物质来供料。在这些已知的反应器中布置有具有搅拌元件的筛。根据文件DE OS 19 59 139反应器此外具有两个中央的轴，所述两个中央的轴固定转动筛。
如果应当以较少的量例如仅仅直到2000 kg/h来制造聚合物或聚酯，并且原始物质必要时还已经是更高粘性的、例如带有约100 Pas或还在其之上的粘性，则所述反应器不能够任意变小，以便仍然获得质量上高品质的聚酯。此外，为了驱动筛需要强大的马达和大的能量量。
文件DE 198 11 280 C2已经公开了一种用于回收线性的聚酯的装置，在其中能够使用更高粘性的原始材料，但同样消耗地并且占用场地以及占用能量地来构建所述装置。
文件US 8 796 401 B2公开了一种反应器，其已经具有搅拌元件和输送元件。然而所述反应器既不具有用于引开气体的排放部也不具有带有共同的轴和共同的驱动机构与反应器连接的输入挤出机。同样所述反应器用于大规模地制造高粘性的聚合材料。
文件DD 57 700 A5公开了一种用于制造聚合和缩聚产品的方法，在其中使用复杂地构造的反应器。在此除了供料空间之外还设置有一定数量的反应空间，所述反应空间使得仪器昂贵，并且所述仪器不适用于用于产生更少的聚合物或聚酯的量的使用。
同样文件US 2011/0 105 716 A1公开了一种与彼此分离地工作的挤出机和反应器的串联，所述挤出机和反应器是非常复杂且昂贵的。利用这样的仪器经济上不可实现用于制造较少量的聚合物或聚酯的使用。
文件DE 103 22 830 A1公开了一种用于连续地聚合乙烯基单体以及乙烯基聚合物的反应器。所述反应器构造为行星滚筒挤出机并且在没有输入挤出机的情况下完全够用。
如果应当以较少的量来制造聚合物、优选地聚酯，则根据文件EP 1 434 680 B1的用于获取塑料熔体的挤出机已经可行。在此输入和输出挤出机与多螺杆挤出机部件组合。在多螺杆挤出机部件中发生缩聚或聚合。然而尤其在用于缩聚或聚合的待调整的程序条件方面还不能够理想地来调整多螺杆挤出机部件。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，指出一种用于制造聚合物、尤其用于缩聚聚酯的紧凑的装置，所述装置即使在产生较少的量的情况下也允许使用更高粘性的原始物质并且所述装置在其程序条件方面可调整为最佳并且是一种可变的成本适宜的解决方案。
为了解决所述任务提出：反应器具有连贯的轴，在所述轴上布置有搅拌元件或搅拌元件和输送元件；进入开口与输入挤出机处于连接；反应器的轴和输入挤出机的轴形成共同的轴；以及向供入挤出机配备有用于共同的轴的驱动机构。
通过连接供入挤出机与反应器可实现紧凑的结构。需要仅仅一个马达，所述马达驱动不仅挤出机单元而且反应器单元。通过不仅搅拌元件而且搅拌和/或输送元件设置在反应器中的方式，使得能够比在多螺杆挤出机部件中更好地影响缩聚或聚合。
当排出开口与输出挤出机处于连接并且反应器的轴和输出挤出机的轴形成共同的轴时，能够节省另外的驱动马达。但还存在这样的可行性，即反应器的排出开口与泵联结。
有利的是，反应器的轴具有外齿部和/或滑键，并且外齿部和/或滑键用于带动布置在轴上的搅拌元件或搅拌元件和输送元件。
通过将外齿部设置在反应器的轴上使得搅拌元件或搅拌元件和输送元件能够安坐在带有相应的内齿部的环上并且根据要求分别以不同的顺序推上到反应器的轴上，从而还能够更理想地影响缩聚或聚合。
在此值得注意的是，搅拌元件或搅拌元件和输送元件可替换地能够插上到轴上，从而在要求变化的情况下或在修理情况中可实现快速地替换相应的元件。
此外重要的是：在反应器的内壁处布置有至少一个齿圈，所述至少一个齿圈与至少一个行星齿轮啮合；在轴或行星齿轮的至少一个轴线上来布置搅拌元件或搅拌元件和输送元件；以及至少一个行星齿轮支承在至少一个布置在轴上的带动件中和/或与行星传动机构的至少一个布置在轴上的太阳轮啮合。
行星齿轮连同由此分散地来布置的搅拌元件或搅拌元件和输送元件的使用还能够提高影响塑料在反应器中的加工的可行性。
推荐的是，齿圈在反应器的内壁处可固定在可自由选择的轴向的位置上。由此能够在每个期望的部位处以处于对置于太阳轮的方式布置有齿圈。
适宜的是，盘形的元件设置为搅拌元件，并且向盘形的元件配置有至少一个能够定位在反应器壁处的刮除件。
所述刮除件能够如例如齿圈那样在反应器的内壁处定位并且固定在期望的部位处。
值得效仿的是，盘能够倾斜于轴来布置和/或能够成波浪状和/或能够具有扩大表面的元件、如突出部。
通过这些措施能够还更好地并且更灵敏地影响例如熔体在反应器中的停留时间、熔体在反应器中的层厚度、熔体在反应器中的温度等等。
可行的是，浆形的元件设置为搅拌和/或输送元件，其中通过桨叶片相对于桨柄和/或轴的可选择的倾斜调节可促使向前输送或向后输送、但还仅仅搅拌。
推荐的是，螺旋形的元件设置为输送元件。由此能够例如在排出开口处布置有以螺杆区段的形式的这样的螺旋形的元件，其促使了使得熔体从反应器中被输送离开。
当搅拌元件、至少部分地具有金属线网和/或孔板和/或支撑板时，获得了特别的优点。
由此还能够更加独立地来影响缩聚或聚合。
值得效仿的是，反应器构造成圆柱体或部分地圆柱体及部分地圆锥体然而或者圆锥体。
在此反应器能够不仅面向其排出开口来圆锥体地会聚，而且能够首先在其长度上具有持续的直径扩展，从而在反应器的此外水平的轴线的情况下使得剪切力已经促使了熔体面向排出开口的运输。
当反应器借助于倾斜调节设备从其带有处于水平的轴线的布置中可倾斜调节到带有处于最大垂直的轴线的布置中，并且可预设、优选地可变地可调整倾斜调节的每个中间方位时，则给反应器的使用者提供了这样的另外的可行性，即影响熔体在反应器中的停留时间。
如果向进入挤出机配置有预脱气，则能够给反应器输送必要时已经更高的粘性的塑料熔体。
附图说明
按照图纸更详细地阐述本发明。在此附图示出了反应器1的结构的可行的示例，在所述反应器1的进入开口2处以法兰形式来装配输入挤出机3并且在所述反应器1的排出开口4处以法兰形式来装配输出挤出机5。输入挤出机3、反应器1和输出挤出机5具有共同的轴6，所述轴6通过马达7来转动驱动。
具体实施方式
在轴6上在反应器1中首先布置有桨8，所述桨8用于搅拌源于输入挤出机3的熔体。在熔体的流动方向上在桨8之后在轴6上布置有两个太阳轮9。以相对于太阳轮9的方式在反应器1的内壁10处布置有齿圈11。在齿圈11和太阳轮9之间布置有行星齿轮12。在行星齿轮12的轴13上再次布置有桨14，所述桨14根据桨叶片15的调节用于向前输送或向后输送或但仅仅用于搅拌熔体16。
在轴6上跟随太阳轮9的是盘17，所述盘17(如如有可能还有桨叶片15)能够具有没有示出的孔、切口或金属线网。
盘17在其外周缘的区域中由固定在反应器1的内壁10处的刮除件18包围。在反应器的端部处设置有螺旋形的元件19，所述元件19用于将熔体从排出开口中输送到输出挤出机中。反应器1在排出开口的区域中圆锥体地成型，从而还有构造成基本上螺杆形的螺旋形的元件的包络曲线是同样圆锥体的。
挤出机具有排放部20，所述排放部20用于引开气体。在此能够通过没有示出的、优选地可调节的真空泵来调整在反应器1中的对于缩聚或聚合而言最佳的压力。
设置、但没有示出本身已知的增添装置，用于反应器和/或挤出机，助熔剂、添加剂或化学上活性的物质能够通过所述增添装置输送给供入材料或熔体，以便能够由此以合适的方式影响聚合物的分子链。尤其还能够设置有用于测量粘性的装置以及用于取决于粘性测量的结果来控制或调节助熔剂等的增添的装置。同样没有示出的是通常已知的用于使填料粉碎、均匀、紧凑的装置，所述装置前置于输入挤出机并且同时施加必要的力以用于供料。当然能够将用于熔体过滤和/或用于直接地进一步处理聚合物的装置后置于仪器。
附图标记列表
1 反应器
2 进入开口
3 输入挤出机
4 排出开口
5 输出挤出机
6 轴
7 马达
8 桨
9 星形齿轮
10 内壁
11 齿圈
12 行星齿轮
13 轴
14 桨
15 叶片
16 熔体
17 盘
18 刮除件
19 螺旋形的元件
20 排放部

Claims (8)

1.一种用于处理并且缩聚聚酯的装置，所述装置带有反应器(1)，所述反应器(1)一方面具有进入开口(2)并且另一方面具有排出开口(4)以及具有用于引开气体的排放部(20)，其中，所述反应器(1)具有连贯的、中央的轴，在所述轴上布置有搅拌元件和输送元件；其中，所述进入开口(2)与输入挤出机(3)处于连接；其中，所述反应器的轴和所述输入挤出机(3)的轴形成共同的轴(6)；以及其中，向所述输入挤出机(3)配置有用于所述共同的轴(6)的驱动机构(7)，其特征在于：在所述反应器(1)的内壁(10)处布置有至少一个齿圈(11)，所述至少一个齿圈(11)与至少一个行星齿轮(12)啮合；在轴或所述行星齿轮(12)的至少一个轴线上来布置搅拌元件或搅拌元件和输送元件；以及所述至少一个行星齿轮(12)支承在至少一个布置在轴(6)上的带动件中和/或与行星传动机构的至少一个布置在轴(6)上的太阳轮(9)啮合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述齿圈(11)在所述反应器(1)的所述内壁(10)处能够布置、并且能够固定在能够自由选择的轴向的位置处。
3.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述排出开口(4)与输出挤出机(5)处于连接，并且所述反应器(1)的轴和所述输出挤出机(5)的轴形成共同的轴(6)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，至少一个盘形的元件(17)设置为搅拌元件并且向所述盘形的元件(17)配置有至少一个定位在所述反应器(1)的内壁(10)处的刮除件(18)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置，其特征在于，所述至少一个盘形的元件(17)倾斜于轴(6)进行布置和/或成波浪状和/或具有扩大表面的元件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，桨形的元件(8,14)设置为搅拌和/或输送元件，其中，通过桨叶片(15)相对于桨柄和/或轴(6)的可选择的倾斜调节能够促使向前输送或向后输送、但还有仅仅搅拌。
7.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述反应器(1)借助于倾斜调节设备从所述反应器(1)的带有处于水平的轴线的布置中能够倾斜调节到带有处于最大垂直的轴线的布置中，并且其中，能够预设倾斜调节的每个中间方位。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，可变地能够调整倾斜调节的每个中间方位。
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