CN1547773A - 光及电可编程硅化多晶硅熔丝器件 - Google Patents

光及电可编程硅化多晶硅熔丝器件 Download PDF

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CN1547773A
CN1547773A CNA028167856A CN02816785A CN1547773A CN 1547773 A CN1547773 A CN 1547773A CN A028167856 A CNA028167856 A CN A028167856A CN 02816785 A CN02816785 A CN 02816785A CN 1547773 A CN1547773 A CN 1547773A
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钱德拉塞卡兰·科塔那拉曼
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Abstract

一种基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,以光及电能量在多晶硅层中可编程,而不会破坏的临近结构,所述熔丝器件包括:Si衬底;设置在所述衬底上的绝缘层;以及熔丝器件部分,包括多晶Si/硅化物/以及阻挡层,该熔丝器件部分响应施加在其上的电脉冲或光脉冲,在多晶硅层中形成电间断。

Description

光及电可编程硅化多晶硅熔丝器件
技术领域
本发明涉及集成电路器件,更具体地,涉及半导体集成电路中的可熔断链接器件,其中在与放置于氧化物中的金属级相对的多晶硅级中制成激光熔丝。
背景技术
目前,通常集成电路由在制造时设置的内连接制成;然而,由于这些电路高额的开发成本、过长的研制周期以及高额的加工成本,最终用户更喜欢可以现场编程的电路。由于这些电路通常包含可编程链接,因此这些电路通常被称作可编程电路。
可编程链接是由最终用户在集成电路器件制作完成之后,为了启用或禁用所选定的电节点而在所选定的电节点处断开或创建的电互连。在这种情况下,可编程链接被广泛应用于可编程只读存储器器件(PROM)中。在这种连接中,需要指出的是,最普通的可编程链接形式为可熔断链接。当得到PROM器件时,典型地由导体或半导体的X-Y点阵(lattice)组成。该点阵包括被称作可熔断链接的导电链接交点,该交点将晶体管与这种点阵网络相连。为了对PROM进行编程,在所选定的节点处熔断可熔断链接,以形成开路。熔断与未熔断链接的结合构成了1和0模式的数字比特图案,这些1和0构成了用户存储在该PROM中的数据。
由于链接中导电材料的固有性质,可熔断链接PROM系统的一些关键缺点在于,为了完成可熔断链接的熔断,在编程期间通常需要高电压和高电流电平。由于链接具有相对较高的导电率,则需要相当高的功耗以使其熔断。
此外,可熔断链接的尺寸和形状必须精确,从而如果其未被熔断,仍将有效地执行导体功能,而如果被熔断,则成为完全开路。
第二种类型的可编程链接也得到了频繁的使用。该第二种类型的可编程链接被称为反熔断链接,并在集成电路应用中有着相当多的用途。在这种反熔断链接中,与使用熔断链接情况中引起开路的可编程机制相反,这种可编程机制形成短路或低电阻链接。这种反熔断链接由两种之间带有电介质或绝缘材料的导体和/或半导体材料组成。在编程过程中,以预定施加的电压破坏位于导体材料之间的选定点处的绝缘或电介质材料,以使导体或半导体材料电连接到一起。
美国专利5,708,291公开了一种硅化物凝聚熔丝器件。将该可熔断链接器件放置在半导体衬底上,并且包括:
具有第一电阻的多晶硅层;
形成于多晶硅层上的硅化物层,该硅化物层具有低于第一电阻的第二电阻,响应施加在硅化物层上的预定编程电位,该硅化物层凝聚,以形成电间断,从而可以有选择地增大该可熔断链接器件的电阻;以及
九个接触点,与硅化物层的每一端电连接以接收编程电压。
美国专利5,969,404公开了一种半导体衬底上的可熔断链接器件,用于提供自由选定的电连接。该可熔断链接器件具有第一未编程电阻,并且包括多晶硅层和硅化物层。该硅化物层形成于多晶层之上且响应施加在硅化物层上的预定编程电压,凝聚形成电间断,从而可以有选择性地将该可熔断链接器件的电阻增大到第二已编程电阻。
美国专利5,536,968公开了一种集成电路的多晶硅熔丝阵列结构。该半导体结构包括:
第一电导体;
与第一电导体电分离的第二电导体;
与第一和第二电导体相连并在第一和第二电导体之间形成熔丝的多晶硅条,该多晶硅条包括一个狭窄的中间部分,由此从第一电导体经过多晶硅条流到第二电导体的电流会使该熔丝断开;
第一已形成图案信号层,第一电导体及多晶硅条位于该第一已形成图案信号层中;以及
与第一已形成图案信号层电分离的第二已形成图案信号层,第二电导体位于该第二已形成图案信号层中。
美国专利6,104,079公开了紧密间隔的多晶硅熔丝及其制造方法。在用于减小多晶硅熔丝间距的方法中,将钨阻断物形成于熔丝元件附近,并且使该物阻断物与形成裂纹填塞(crack stop)的处理相兼容。将钨堆叠于裂纹填塞中接触级的钨之上的通孔级,并将中间级电介质用作熔丝的覆盖物。按照这种方式,使钨熔丝阻断物处理与多晶硅熔丝裂纹填塞相兼容。
美国专利6,222,244 B1公开了一种减少共截面面积的电全局熔丝。这种半导体熔丝位于用于连接至少两个布线线路的导体之间。该熔丝包括位于相邻导体上的间隔物,并且该熔丝元件位于间隔物之间,而且与布线线路相连。导体之间的空间包括包含最小可能光蚀宽度的第一宽度,且熔丝元件具有小于第一宽度的第二宽度。这种熔丝使半导体器件免于受到过高的电压和/或电流,或选择性地并永久性地使半导体器件彼此相连/断开。
美国专利5,266,829公开了一种电可编程低阻抗反熔断元件。该元件由具有其间为电介质层的第一电极和第二电极的类似电容器的结构组成,其特征在于编程前具有高阻抗和非常低漏电流,而在编程后具有低电阻。将多个这种反熔断放置于半导体集成电路中,并可以在集成电路内的选定位置,选择性地进行熔断以形成低阻抗互连。可以在集成电路芯片封装之前或之后熔断这种反熔丝。
美国专利5,882,998公开了一种低功率可编程熔丝结构及其制作方法。该方法包括:
提供具有锉平(filed)氧化物区的衬底;
在掺杂多晶硅条上形成掩膜,从而大约在该掺杂多晶硅条的中心处限定暴露了该掺杂多晶硅条的窗口;
将增大的掺杂剂量施加于掩膜及位于窗口内的已暴露掺杂多晶硅条上,以在该掺杂多晶硅条中形成增大掺杂浓度区,该增大的掺杂剂量为大约3×1015个微粒/平方厘米到大约6×1015个原子/平方厘米之间;以及
在掺杂多晶硅条上形成硅化金属,从而在增大掺杂浓度区上形成较薄的硅化金属层,而在掺杂多晶硅条的其它区域上形成较厚的硅化金属层。
集成电路中所使用的可编程熔丝技术需要通过除目前使用放置于氧化物中的最终金属级中的熔丝的方法之外的其他方法,以减小对SILK的破坏,而且其中仍会导致某些对结构的破坏。
在本领域中,还需要提供用在集成电路中的可编程熔断链接,以减缓对结构的物理破坏,典型地是电编程熔丝的情况。
在本领域中,还需要提供用在集成电路中的可编程熔丝,在与烧蚀或熔化相比,需要较少的能量,并减少间距以及对临近结构的破坏。
最后,在本领域中,需要提供用在集成电路中的可编程熔丝,以消除通常作为多晶硅线路衬板需要的难熔金属,以能够使用更短的波长,并从而使能够使间距减小而且还适用于电编程的聚焦斑点更紧密(并从而,提供利用光能或电能进行编程的改进的灵活性)。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供集成电路中的可编程熔丝,通过避免使用最终金属级(可以被放置在氧化物中)中的熔丝,以减小对交互级(interlevel)电介质以及临近结构的破坏,且仍然会发生某些对结构的破坏。
本发明的另一个目的是提供用在集成电路中的可编程熔断链接,与目前已知的编程方法不同,该熔断链接免于对结构的物理破坏。
本发明的又一个目的是提供用在集成电路中的可编程熔丝,与烧蚀或熔化技术相比,使用更少的能量,并减少了间距以及编程时对临近结构的破坏。
本发明的又一个目的是提供用在集成电路中的可编程熔丝,能够以更短波长,通过光学装置对其进行编程,并从而缩减了使间距减小而且适用于电编程和光编程的光束的聚焦斑点。
附图说明
图1所示为一种现有技术熔断链接的显微照片,其中在氧化物/低介电常数材料上有金属,且其中存在液体飞溅(splatter)。
图2所示为一种现有技术熔断链接的显微照片,其中在氧化物/低介电常数材料上有金属,且其中存在裂缝。
图3所示为编程后基于本发明熔丝的硅化多晶硅的显微照片。
图4所示为包括大规模eFuse组阵列结构的本发明可熔断链接顶视图的显微照片,其中由厚(thick)氧化物对硅化多晶硅线路进行编程。
图5所示为包括eFuse的单一本发明可熔断链接顶视图的显微照片,其中由厚氧化物对硅化多晶硅线路进行编程。
具体实施方式
现在参考表示了熔断链接显微照片的图1,其中对此熔丝进行编程所需的高能量在氧化物/低介电常数材料上的金属上形成了明显的液体飞溅。当对现有技术中类似的熔断链接进行编程时,需要较大的间距并且这是使用这种熔丝的另一个缺点。与在现有技术熔断链接中进行编程所需的大间距相关的另一个缺点是引起了对位于熔丝下面的层的破坏,且将这些熔丝隔离在熔丝盒中(这以面积为代价)。此外,当使用这种基于熔断链接的现有技术多晶Si时,在如倒装焊接之类的后端集成中存在着一定的复杂性。
如图2中显微照片所示,除了当对现有技术熔断链接进行编程时,高能量所产生的液体飞溅之外,存在的另一个缺点是在编程时所产生的裂缝11。
如图3所示,可以对本发明基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件进行电编程或光编程。在包括基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件顶视图以及横截面视图的附图中,存在其上放置有绝缘层21的硅衬底20。在熔丝器件的此实施例中,将熔丝器件部分FDS放置于绝缘层21上,作为大规模集成电路装置的一部分。多晶硅层22可以为p型掺杂;不过其它实施例或结构可以包括包含了n型掺杂在内的其他掺杂类型或者在多晶硅层22中形成p-n结。熔丝器件部分FDS包括设置于多晶硅层22之上的硅化钴(CoSi2)层23,以及设置在CoSi2层23上的透明钝化层24。在操作中,熔丝器件部分FDS的特征在于,在其被编程或熔断之前硅化多晶硅的电阻。如图3所示,在编程状态下,由于在某些区域去除了CoSi2,可以得到较高的电阻。很明显,为了实现这种更高的电阻状态,并没有物理破坏该熔断链接。此外,在整个处理中钝化层24并未受到影响。
可以相信多晶硅中任何对残余传导做出贡献的掺杂物均会由于编程的缘故而不起作用。SiN层被用作封装或阻断层,该层在允许光能量传输的同时,还允许硅化多晶硅层电阻的变化而不会破坏此层。
在本发明的上下文中,虽然将CoSi2优选为硅化物,但如钛、钨或铂的硅化物等其他硅化物均是同样可以操作的。此外,在本发明的上下文中,将SiN优选为封装层;不过,任何透明的封装层或阻挡层均能够胜任。
图4所示为包括大规模熔断链接阵列的本发明结构的显微照片,表示了被编程的硅化多晶硅链接。优选地,在此实施例中,在大约3.3伏及大约10毫安下,大约200毫秒时间进行编程,由此如图5所示,使电流在触点30之间流动。电流流经熔断链接,以影响熔断链接电阻的变化而不会破坏链接31。换句话说,改变了熔断链接的基本电阻率。可以利用实现了增大局部电阻率的可见及NIR(近红外)范围内的光能量对本发明基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件进行编程,同样不会有任何破坏。此外,在交互级电介质、氧化物以及氮化物没有任何吸收。
本发明的新颖结构去除了金属链接激光熔丝的缺点,提供了生产选择和测试流程的灵活性,并允许利用激光和电装置进行编程,而且在编程过程中,引入了超过105欧姆的大电阻变化,而不会破坏链接。

Claims (18)

1.一种基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,以光及电能量在多晶硅层中可编程,而不会破坏临近的结构,所述熔丝器件包括:
Si衬底;
设置在所述衬底上的绝缘层;以及
熔丝器件部分,包括多晶Si/硅化物/以及阻挡层,由于施加在其上的电脉冲的作用,或由于其上光束的作用,所述熔丝器件部分的电阻表示出局部增大。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述阻挡层为SiN。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述绝缘层为二氧化硅。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述绝缘层为氮化硅。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于从由硅化钴、硅化钛、硅化钽以及硅化铂组成的组中选择所述硅化物。
6.根据权利要求3所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化钴。
7.根据权利要求3所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化钛。
8.根据权利要求3所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化钨。
9.根据权利要求3所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化钽。
10.根据权利要求3所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化铂。
11.根据权利要求2所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于从由硅化钴、硅化钛、硅化钨、硅化钽以及硅化铂组成的组中选择所述硅化物。
12.根据权利要求11所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化钴。
13.根据权利要求11所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化钛。
14.根据权利要求11所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化钨。
15.根据权利要求11所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化钽。
16.根据权利要求11所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于所述硅化物为硅化铂。
17.根据权利要求11所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于编程电位为大约3.3伏。
18.根据权利要求11所述的基于硅化多晶硅的熔丝器件,其特征在于以光束进行编程。
CNA028167856A 2001-08-03 2002-08-02 光及电可编程硅化多晶硅熔丝器件 Pending CN1547773A (zh)

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