CN1541220A - 作为抗雄激素剂的17α,21-二羟基孕烯酯 - Google Patents

作为抗雄激素剂的17α,21-二羟基孕烯酯 Download PDF

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CN1541220A
CN1541220A CNA028157192A CN02815719A CN1541220A CN 1541220 A CN1541220 A CN 1541220A CN A028157192 A CNA028157192 A CN A028157192A CN 02815719 A CN02815719 A CN 02815719A CN 1541220 A CN1541220 A CN 1541220A
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M·阿雅尼
L·莫罗
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Abstract

具有显著抗雄激素活性的17α,21-二羟基孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮和17α,21-二羟基孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮17和/或21酯,及其制备方法。

Description

作为抗雄激素剂的17α,21-二羟基孕烯酯
本发明涉及17α,21-二羟基孕烯酯,其制备方法和其作为抗雄激素剂的用途。
现有技术
许多皮质类固醇已经用作抗炎剂、抗风湿剂、抗过敏剂和抗休克剂。
特别地,11-脱氧-皮质醇酯及其衍生物已经广泛用作抗炎剂。
没有17α,21-二羟基孕烯混合酯是已知的,而已经描述了具有相同脂族链的17和21酰基衍生物,该脂族链含有不多于四个碳原子。
含有不多于六个碳原子的羧酸17或21单酯也是已知的。
例如,17α,21-二乙酰氧基孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮的制备公开于US3,530,038,该文献也提及丙酰基衍生物和一系列含有至多六个碳原子链的脂族酰基衍生物的用途。
US3,152,154公开了21-羟基孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮-17α-丁酸酯的制备,该化合物用作3,21-二酰氧基-17α-丁酰氧基孕-3,5,9-三烯-20-酮制备的中间体,其中3和21酰基相同的并且是乙酰基、丙酰基、丁酰基和异丁酰基。在这些文献中引用的所有实施例涉及其中17α和21位由相同的酰基酯化的化合物。
作为混合酯的唯一实施例,21-乙酰氧基孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮-17α-二甲基丙酸酯的制备描述于Liebigs Ann.Chem.1983,705-711:作者说明仅当21位中的取代基是乙酰基时,混合酯的制备是可能的。
US3,530,038公开了11β-17α-21-三羟基类固醇的制备方法,该方法包括将11-脱氧-17α-OR-21-OR’类固醇,其中R是1-18个碳原子的羧酸残基和R’是氢或1-18个碳原子的酰基,用弯孢属的微生物进行氧化,用于获得相应的11β-羟基类固醇。
根据相同的专利,孕烷、雄烷或雌烷系列化合物提及为可能的起始类固醇,但没有提及其中R是1-18个碳原子的酰基和R’是氢的11-脱氧-17α-OR-21-OR’类固醇的任何转化。
这些产物的制备由R.B.Turner参考孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮-17α,21-二乙酸酯的制备描述(J.Am.Chem.Soc.75(1953)3489)并由R.Gardi等人描述(Gazz.Chim.It.93(1963)431-450)。
最后,US3,780,177公开了借助原丁酸酯的21-羟基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮-17α-丁酸酯的制备及其作为6α,9α-二氟强的松龙-17-丁酸酯-21酯衍生物的制备中间体的用途。
发明概述
现在已经发现一些17α,21-二羟基孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮和17α,21-二羟基孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮17和/或21酯具有显著的抗雄激素活性。
因此,根据第一个实施方案,本发明涉及一种通式(I)的化合物
其中:
R1和R2,它们可以相同或不同,是氢或C3-C18酰基,条件是:
-R1和R2的至少一个不为氢;
-当R1是氢时,R2不为丁酰基。
根据第二个实施方案,本发明涉及一种作为抗雄激素药物的通式(II)的化合物
其中:
R1和R2,它们可以相同或不同,是氢或C3-C18酰基,条件是:
-R1和R2的至少一个不为氢。
根据进一步的实施方案,本发明涉及一种通式(I)或(II)化合物的制备方法,其中R1和R2两者是酰基,该方法包括在惰性溶剂中和在-5℃到反应混合物沸腾温度的温度下,使其中R1和R2是氢的相应的化合物与羧酸酸酐或活性酯反应。
本发明的更进一步的目的涉及一种通式(I)或(II)化合物的制备方法,其中R1和R2的一个是氢和另一个是酰基,该方法包括:
a.在惰性溶剂中和在-5℃到沸腾温度的温度下,使其中R1和R2是氢的相应化合物与C3-C18羧酸酸酐或活性酯或与烯丙氧基碳酰氯或异丁烯进行反应,获得相应的化合物,其中R1是异丁基、烯丙氧基羰基或C3-C18酰基;
b.在惰性溶剂中和在-5℃到反应混合物沸腾温度的温度下,来自步骤a)的化合物与C3-C18羧酸酸酐或活性酯的非必要反应;
c.21-烯丙氧基羰基或21-异丁氧基的非必要溶解(lysis)。
最后,本发明涉及具有抗雄激素活性的药物组合物,该组合物包含作为活性成分的通式(I)或(II)化合物。
发明详述
通式(I)的优选化合物是:
-17α,21-二丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮;
-17α-羟基-21-丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮;
-17α-羟基-21-丁酰基-孕-49-二-烯-3,20-二酮;
-17α-羟基-21-十八酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮;
-17α-十八酰基-21-丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮。
已经在动物中根据由W.Voigt和S.L.Hsia描述的局部抗雄激素活性的常规测试(Endocrinology 1973,92:1216-1222),评价了通式(I)和(II)化合物的抗雄激素活性。
对6-8周大和重65-90克的性未成熟雌仓鼠进行测试。
在测试开始时,将每个动物的背部剃毛以两侧证实各自的胁腹器官。然后将动物细分成均匀的组和每天治疗连续21天。在包含4微克丙酸睾酮(TP)或四微克二氢睾酮(DHT)的50微升丙酮溶液中,将测试的类固醇以100-400微克的浓度溶解。将50微升溶液施加到右胁腹器官上,同时遵循相同的程序,用作单个对照物的对侧器官仅接受丙酮溶液(50微升)。对照组接受单独的TP或DHT。
在测试结束时,在醚麻醉下杀死动物并取下整个背部皮肤。分别采用透明法(transillumination)测量两个胁腹器官的面积。对于每个组计算由测试类固醇处理的面积和仅由载体处理的那些之间的平均差值,将该平均差值作为抑制百分比与在采用TP或DHT处理的对照组中面积之间的平均差值比较。
通过例子,在局部抗雄激素活性测试中,17α-丙酰基-21-羟基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮以及相应的17α,21-二丁酸酯和17α-丁酸酯抑制大于80%的丙酸睾酮(TP)的作用和50-80%的它的活性衍生物二氢睾酮(DHT)的作用。
在10-4000微克的剂量下,证明本发明化合物是活性的。
本发明的化合物可用作合适的药物组合物,该组合物通过口服、皮肤或粘膜途径用于如下病情的局部和/或全身治疗:痤疮、脂溢性皮炎、多毛症、秃发症、乳房痛、前列腺增生和癌、女性的男性化综合征、早期青春期(early puberty)、男性的性进攻性抑制、男性避孕。
根据本发明的方法,通过17α,21-二羟基孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮或17α,21-二羟基孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮羟基与包含所需酰基基团的活性酯的酯化制备通式(I)或(II)的化合物,其中R1和R2两者均是酰基。根据此简单过程,可以制备具有位阻的脂族链的酰基衍生物,如具有高数目碳原子或支化的那些。用于此反应的合适活性酯的例子是丁酸三氟乙酯或十八烷酸三氟乙酯,两者借助于脂酶在惰性无水溶剂中、在20-50℃的温度和20-100小时的反应时间下均可获得优异的酯化收率。脂酶的例子是PPL(猪胰脂酶)或来自圆柱假丝酵母的那些。
通式(I)或(II)化合物的制备方法,其中R1和R2的一个是氢并且另一个是酰基,包括如下步骤:
1.在二甲基甲酰胺或异丁烯中在-5~40℃的温度下,将21羟基采用烯丙氧基羰基氯、苄氧基羰基氯、叔丁基羰基氯选择性酯化。
2.然后在作为催化剂的4-二甲基氨基吡啶存在下,将生成的21单酯进行与7个碳原子的羧酸的酸酐的酯化反应。17中酯化的替代方案是在二环己基碳二亚胺的存在下使用羧酸。活性酯如三氟乙基衍生物或N-酰基邻苯二甲酰亚胺或N-酰基苯并三唑是进一步的替代方案。
3.在二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃中采用例如四(三苯基膦)Pd和三苯基膦除去21中的保护,获得17α-酰基-21-羟基孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮或17α-酰基-21-二羟基孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮。
4.随后可以采用7个碳原子的羧酸的酸酐或者在二环己基碳二亚胺存在下采用羧酸,或采用活性酯如三氟乙基衍生物或N-酰基邻苯二甲酰亚胺或N-酰基苯并三唑在21中酯化来自步骤3)的产物。
实施例1:17α,21-二丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备
在45℃下在5g的Candida cylindracea脂酶存在下,将1g(2.87mM)17α,21-二羟基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮和10ml丁酸三氟乙酯在50ml四氢呋喃中的混合物反应8-10小时,在规则时间间隔下加入1g脂酶。在第一反应步骤结束时,将脂酶滤出和将滤液在真空下浓缩,采用四氢呋喃吸收残余物三次。向获得的残余物中进一步加入10ml和丁酸三氟乙酯和50ml四氢呋喃,向获得的溶液中加入0.8g枯草杆菌蛋白酶和将悬浮液在45℃下搅拌2天,在规则时间间隔下进一步加入总计80mg的蛋白酶。将蛋白酶滤出,在真空下除去滤液和将残余物在硅胶柱上采用二氯甲烷/甲醇99∶1混合物进行色谱分析。蒸发较少极性的级分以获得1g(2.06mM)17α,21-二丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮。
遵循相同的过程,从1g的17α,21-二羟基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮开始,以获得0.98g(2.01mM)17α,21-二丁酰基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮。
实施例2:17α-羟基-21-丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备
在45℃下在5g的圆柱假丝酵母脂酶存在下,将1g 17α,21-二羟基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮和10ml丁酸三氟乙酯在100ml丙酮中的混合物反应8-10小时,在规则时间间隔下加入1g脂酶。在反应完成之后,将脂酶滤出,将滤液在真空下浓缩,采用丙酮吸收残余物三次。将半固体残余物在硅胶柱上采用二氯甲烷/甲醇99∶1混合物由色谱纯化。除去较少级性的级分,获得更富有的级分,蒸发该更富有的级分获得0.95g(2.29mM)17α-羟基-21-丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮。
实施例3:17α-羟基-21-丁酰基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮的制备
在45℃下在5g的圆柱假丝酵母脂酶存在下,将1g 17α,21-二羟基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮和10ml丁酸三氟乙酯在50ml甲乙酮中的混合物反应8-10小时,在规则时间间隔下加入1g脂酶。在反应完成之后,将脂酶滤出,将滤液在真空下浓缩,采用溶剂吸收残余物三次。将半固体残余物在硅胶柱上采用二氯甲烷/甲醇99∶1混合物由色谱纯化。蒸发更富有的级分,获得0.89g(2.14mM)17α-羟基-21-丁酰基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮。
实施例4:17α-丁酰基-21-十八酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备
将4g(11.6mM)17α,21-二羟基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮与20mg三氟乙酸在20ml二噁烷和10ml原丁酸乙酯的溶液中在100℃下反应5小时,蒸馏出低沸点顶馏分。将溶液冷却,然后采用5ml酒石酸摩尔溶液处理并加热到40-50℃下约5分钟,获得17α-丁酰基-21-羟基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮。在真空下蒸发出溶剂和将残余物采用二噁烷重复吸收。将获得的残余物溶于200ml丙酮和然后加入12g十八烷酸三氟乙酯(从十八烷酰氯和三氟乙醇制备),20g的圆柱假丝酵母脂酶,将获得的悬浮液在50℃下搅拌8-10小时,在规则时间间隔下加入2g的圆柱假丝酵母。将脂酶滤出,在真空下浓缩滤液和将残余物在硅胶柱上采用二氯甲烷/甲醇98.5∶1.5混合物进行色谱分析。蒸发净级分,获得4.9g(7.17mM)17α-丁酰基-21-十八酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮。
遵循相同的过程,从5g(14.5mM)17α,21-二羟基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮开始,获得5.9g(8.61mM)17α-丁酰基-21-十八酰基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮。
实施例5:17α-十八酰基-21-丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮的制备
步骤a:向2g NaOH在20ml水中的溶液中加入25ml四氢呋喃和5g(14.5mM)17α,21-二羟基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮。将混合物在0℃下搅拌,然后滴加2.4ml氯甲酸烯丙酯。在此温度下搅拌约0.5小时之后,将混合物采用盐酸仔细中和及采用二氯甲烷萃取。将有机萃取物在真空下浓缩并将残余物进行随后步骤的反应。
步骤b:将粗17α-羟基-21-烯丙基羰氧基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮溶于15g十八烷酸三氟乙酯和150ml四氢呋喃,向获得的溶液中加入4g枯草杆菌蛋白酶和将悬浮液在45℃下搅拌2天,在规则时间间隔下进一步加入总计3g的蛋白酶。将蛋白酶滤出,在真空下除去滤液,将残余物在硅胶柱上采用二氯甲烷/甲醇99∶1混合物进行色谱分析。蒸发较少极性的级分,获得17α-十八酰基-21-烯丙基羰氧基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮的残余物。
步骤c:将来自先前步骤的残余物溶于50ml二氯甲烷和向其中加入35mg三苯基膦和35mg三苯基膦钯。将获得的混合物在室温下搅拌0.5小时。将溶液在真空下浓缩,将残余物采用二氯甲烷吸收两次,然后在硅胶柱上采用二氯甲烷/甲醇99∶1混合物进行色谱分析。蒸发更富有的级分以获得净残余物,该残余物本身用于随后的步骤。
步骤d:在0.5g氯化三丁基甲基铵存在下,将残余物(6.2g)17α-十八酰基-21-羟基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮溶于4ml丁酸酐。将混合物在室温下搅拌2小时,然后倾入冰中并将获得的产物由萃取与水分离。将萃取物用水洗涤到中性并在真空下浓缩,将残余物从甲醇结晶,获得5.5g(8.05mM)17α-十八酰基-21-丁酰基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮。此化合物用于适于皮肤给药的乳膏形式的药物制剂的制备。
遵循相同的过程,从5g(14.5mM)17α,21-二羟基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮开始,获得5.1g(7.44mM)17α-十八酰基-21-丁酰基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮。
实施例1-5的化合物可以配制成合适的剂型,例如提供全身或局部作用的用于透粘膜给药的脂质体乳液或悬浮液,或乳膏、凝胶等。
典型的乳膏制剂将包含,例如,鲸蜡醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯、液体石蜡、丙二醇、单油-酰氨基磺基琥珀酸二钠、柠檬酸一水合物、纯化水。
使用与以上实施例中公开的基本相同的方法,制备如下化合物:
-17α,21-二丁酰基-孕-4-烯-3,20-二酮(mp 101℃,异丙醚);
-17α-丙酰基-21-羟基-4-烯-3,20-二酮(mp 114℃,异丙醚)。
实施例6:17α-丙酰基-21-羟基-孕-4,9-二烯-3,20-二酮(化合物A)的局部抗雄激素活性
  局部处理 每日剂量(μg) 面积的平均差值(mm2)   %抑制
  载体(丙酮) - 0.0   -
  TP 4 22.7±2.3   -
  TP+A 4+400 3.7±1.4   84
  DHT 4 20.8±2.5   -
  DHT+A 4+400 9.7±1.8   53
实施例7:局部抗雄激素活性(实施例1的化合物)
  局部处理 每日剂量(μg) 面积的平均差值(mm2)   %抑制
  载体(丙酮) - 0.0   -
  TP 4 22.7±2.3   -
  TP+Ex.1 4+400 2.4±1.1   89
  DHT 4 20.8±2.5   -
  DHT+Ex.1 4+400 3.7±0.7   82
实施例8:局部抗雄激素活性(实施例2的化合物)
  局部处理 每日剂量(μg) 面积的平均差值(mm2)   %抑制
  载体(丙酮) - 0.0   -
  TP 4 22.7±2.3   -
  TP+Ex.2 4+400 3.3±1.2   85
  DHT 4 20.8±2.5   -
  DHT+Ex.2 4+400 4.1±0.5   80

Claims (8)

1.一种通式(I)的化合物
其中:
R1和R2,它们可以相同或不同,是氢或C3-C18酰基,条件是:
-R1和R2的至少一个不为氢;
-当R1是氢时,R2不为丁酰基。
2.一种作为抗雄激素药物的通式(II)的化合物
其中:
R1和R2,它们可以相同或不同,是氢或C3-C18酰基,条件是:
-R1和R2的至少一个不为氢。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中R1是氢和R2是丙酰基。
4.权利要求2的化合物,其中R1和R2是丁酰基。
5.一种通式(I)或(II)的化合物的制备方法,其中R1和R2两者均是酰基,该方法包括在惰性溶剂中和在-5℃到反应混合物沸腾温度的温度下,使其中R1和R2是氢的相应化合物与羧酸酸酐或活性酯反应。
6.一种通式(I)或(II)的化合物的制备方法,其中R1和R2的一个是氢和另一个是酰基,该方法包括:
a)在惰性溶剂中和在-5℃到沸腾温度的温度下,使其中R1和R2是氢的相应化合物与C3-C18羧酸酸酐或活性酯或与烯丙氧基羰基氯或异丁烯反应,得到相应的化合物,其中R1是异丁基、烯丙氧基羰基或C3-C18酰基;
b)在惰性溶剂中和在-5℃到反应混合物沸腾温度的温度下,来自步骤a)的化合物与C3-C18羧酸酸酐或活性酯的非必要反应;
c)21-烯丙氧基羰基或21-异丁氧基的非必要溶解。
7.权利要求1-4的化合物用于制备具有抗雄激素活性的药物的用途,该药物特别用于痤疮、脂溢性皮炎、多毛症、秃发症、乳房痛、前列腺增生和癌、女性的男性化综合征、早期青春期、男性的性进攻性抑制、男性避孕的局部或全身治疗。
8.一种药物组合物,包含作为活性成分的权利要求1-4的化合物以及可接受的载体。
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CN107074905A (zh) * 2014-10-08 2017-08-18 科斯莫科技有限公司 用于在肿瘤的治疗中使用的11‑脱氧皮质醇17α‑苯甲酸酯
CN107074905B (zh) * 2014-10-08 2019-08-09 科斯莫科技有限公司 用于在肿瘤的治疗中使用的11-脱氧皮质醇17α-苯甲酸酯
CN107001406B (zh) * 2014-10-08 2020-03-27 科斯莫科技有限公司 用于在肿瘤的治疗中使用的11-脱氧皮质醇的17α,21-二酯
CN111285913A (zh) * 2014-10-08 2020-06-16 科斯莫科技有限公司 用于肿瘤治疗的11-脱氧皮质醇的17α,21-二酯
CN111285913B (zh) * 2014-10-08 2023-01-10 科斯莫科技有限公司 用于肿瘤治疗的11-脱氧皮质醇的17α,21-二酯
WO2023088308A1 (zh) * 2021-11-16 2023-05-25 石家庄迪斯凯威医药科技有限公司 一种具有抗耐药性的抗菌化合物
CN115073546A (zh) * 2022-06-01 2022-09-20 浙江神洲药业有限公司 一种新型雄激素受体抑制剂的制备方法

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US20150216878A1 (en) 2015-08-06
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CN1246328C (zh) 2006-03-22
EP1421099B1 (en) 2005-02-16
DE60203013T2 (de) 2006-02-09
US20160263127A1 (en) 2016-09-15
US20050026889A1 (en) 2005-02-03
EP1421099A1 (en) 2004-05-26
ITMI20011762A1 (it) 2003-02-10
MXPA04001274A (es) 2005-06-06
WO2003014141A1 (en) 2003-02-20
CA2454675A1 (en) 2003-02-20
US9211295B2 (en) 2015-12-15
KR100889595B1 (ko) 2009-03-20
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US20140154306A1 (en) 2014-06-05
US9895379B2 (en) 2018-02-20
AU2002328956B2 (en) 2007-08-16
PT1421099E (pt) 2005-05-31
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CA2454675C (en) 2009-05-26
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