CN1532014A - 用于加工铸铁的涂覆切削刀片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种特别用于车削铸铁的涂覆硬质合金切削刀片。切削刀片的特征在于硬质合金坯体包括WC、立方碳氮化合物,W合金化的Co粘结相,富集粘结相和几乎不含立方碳氮化合物相的硬质合金坯体的表面区域及涂层,包括带有等轴晶的TiCxNyOz最内层,带有柱状晶的TiCxNyOz层和至少一种Al2O3层。
Description
本发明涉及一种特别用于车削铸铁加工的涂覆硬质合金切削刀片。该刀片具有一个韧Co粘结相,WC和立方碳氮化合物作为硬质相的坯体和一个耐磨涂层。刀片坯体表面区域具有与主体组成不同的元素组分,同时具有良好的耐磨性、抗塑性变形性和边缘韧性。
表面区域富集粘结相的涂覆硬质合金刀片用于钢和不锈钢材料的切削加工。表面区域富集粘结相使得应用领域拓宽到更坚硬的切割操作。在用于车削铸铁的刀片中,这些硬质合金牌号并不是常常表现出良好的性能。仅仅由于WC晶粒长大抑制的原因,传统上设计的专用于铸铁加工的硬质合金牌号具有较低的Co含量,较小的晶粒尺寸,而且没有或者非常少量的加入立方碳化钨。这些切削工具材料具有相对较高的室温硬度,良好的抗裂纹扩展和体积韧性性能。然而,由于非连续切割和加工铸铁更加困难,在应用较难时,需要更高的韧性,传统的牌号太脆,导致边缘剥离或刀片断裂,接着就会由于需要更适度的切割条件而导致更低的生产率。
用于铸铁加工的传统硬质合金牌号具有有限的抗塑性变形性能,在有些操作中,耐磨性能也有限。为了改善这些性能,需要减少WC晶粒尺寸和降低Co粘结相含量和/或增加立方碳氮化合物形成元素的加入量。这些变化的每一种都会减小刀片的韧性。
通过引入基本上没有立方碳化物和富集粘结相的表面区域来增加韧性性能的方法已经为人所知。US,277,283、US 4,610,931和US 4,548,786公开了通过溶解刀片表面附近的立方碳化物相来完成表面区域粘结相富集的方法。该方法需要立方碳化物相含有一些氮,因为在烧结温度溶解立方碳化物相需要被烧结坯体中的氮分压、氮活度超过烧结气氛中氮的分压。氮可以通过烧结期间的炉内气氛和/或直接通过粉末加入。立方碳化物的溶解,优选在表面区域,导致充满粘结相的少量体积达到所需的粘结相富集。结果是,得到了基本由WC和粘结相组成的表面区域。
EP-A-1 026 271涉及用于车削钢的涂覆硬质合金刀片。该刀片具有高度合金化Co-粘结相,4-12,优选7-10,重量百分数的立方碳化物和WC晶粒尺寸为1-4,优选2-3μm。粘结相富集的表面区域厚度<20μm,且粘结相的含量基本单一地沿着从边缘到刀片中心方向的直线增加,直到其达到主体组成。刀片涂层包括3-12μm的柱状TiCN和2-12μm的Al2O3。
US 5,945,207描述了一种特别用于铸铁材料切割的切削工具刀片。该刀片特征在于一个具有5-10wt%的Co和<0.5%选自周期表中IVb、Vb或VIb族的立方碳化物WC-Co硬质合金坯体。粘结相高度W合金化且表面组成已被适当地限定。涂层包括带有柱状晶的TiCxNyOz层,细颗粒构造成的α-Al2O3层和已沿着边缘线移动的TiCxNyOz上层。
令人奇怪的是,已经发现改善困难条件下铸铁的加工性能可以通过切削工具刀片的许多不同性能的结合获得。尤其是,已经发现,如果制造工具时粘结相富集,几乎没有立方碳氮化合物,表面区域与少量的Co粘结相连接,适当限定WC的晶粒尺寸和加入立方碳氮化合物的形成元素,边缘强度,塑性变形和耐磨性能就可以同时得到改善。
如果能结合一个硬质抗腐蚀涂层,所述切削工具刀片在较难操作时车削铸铁就会表现出优异的性能。该工具的独特性能使得在更广泛的应用领域仍能保持较高的生产率。
图1为根据本发明的切削工具刀片在1000×时的结构,其中:
1.硬质合金主体
2.硬质合金表面区域
3.最内层TiCxNyOz
4.第二TiCxNyOz层
5.Al2O3层
根据本发明,提供一种涂覆切削工具,它的组成为3.0-9.0%,优选4.0-7.0wt%的Co,4.0-10.0wt%,优选6.0-9.0wt%选自周期表IVb和Vb族、N、C和WC的形成立方碳氮化合物的元素。烧结体中N的量相对于选自IVb和Vb族元素的重量>1.0%,优选1.7-5.0%。
硬质合金具有5-50μm,优选10-40μm的粘结相富集且几乎没有碳氮化合物相的厚表面区域。表面区域粘结相的最大含量为粘结相主体含量的1.2-3vol%。
Co粘结相是与钨高合金化的媒介。粘结相中钨的含量可以表示为S值=б/16.1,其中б为μTm3kg-1表示的测定的粘结相的磁矩。S值依赖于粘结相中钨的含量,且随着钨含量的增加而增加。因此,对于纯Co,或者由碳饱和的粘结相,S=1,对于钨含量相对于形成η相边界线的粘结相,S=0.78。
根据本发明,已经发现,如果硬质合金坯体的S值在0.78-0.95,优选0.80-0.92的范围,则可改善切削性能。
而且,在一定基础上测定和抛光典型横截面的碳化物相的平均截取长度在0.50-0.95μm的范围,优选0.60-0.85。立方碳氮化合物相的平均截取长度基本上与碳化钨的相同。截取长度通过放大10000×的显微照片上的图像分析测得,并且是用约1000个截取长度的平均值进行计算。
在优选实施例中,立方碳氮化合物的量相对于形成立方碳氮化合物元素Ti、Ta和Nb为>4.0-10.0wt%,优选6.0-9.0wt%。Ta和Nb的重量比在0.8-4.5,优选为1.2-3.0。Ti和Nb的重量比在0.5-7.0,优选1.0-4.0。
根据本发明的切削工具刀片的涂层包括:
一第一最内层TiCxNyOz,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1,优选z<0.5,更优选y>x和z<0.2,最优选y>0.7,含有等轴晶且其总厚度<2μm,优选>0.1μm。
-TiCxNyOz层,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1,优选z<0.2,x>0.3和y>0.2,最优选x>0.4,其厚度为3-14μm,优选4-12μm,最优选5-10μm,含有柱状晶。
-至少一个Al2O3层,优选α-Al2O3,厚度为2-14μm,优选3-10μm。
-一个Al2O3外层,也可再加另外的TiCxNyOz、HfCxNyOz或者ZrCxNyOz或者它们混合物的层,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1.2,优选y>x和z<0.4,更优选y>0.4,最优选y>0.7,其厚度<3μm,优选0.4-1.5μm,但Al2O3层也可以是最外层。
本发明也涉及一种用组成为3.0-9.0wt%,优选4.0-7.0wt%Co,>4.0-10.0wt%,优选6.0-9.0wt%选自周期表IVb和Vb族、N、C和WC的形成立方碳氮化合物元素的硬质合金坯体制造涂覆切削工具的方法。烧结体中N的量相对于选自IVb和Vb金属的重量为>1.0%,优选1.7-5.0%。
根据本发明的硬质合金坯体的生产可以用两种方法中任一种或者它们的组合制得:(i)通过如US 4,610,931公开的在惰性气氛或真空中烧结一个含有氮化物或碳氮化合物预烧结或压制坯;或者(ii)通过如US 4,548,786公开的压制坯渗氮并且在惰性或真空中烧结。
所需的平均截取依赖于起始示粉末的晶粒尺寸和轧制和烧结条件,并且毫无疑问地决定于试验条件。所需的S值依赖于起始粉末和烧结条件,也毫无疑问地决定于试验条件。
TiCxNyOz层,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1,优选z<0.2,x>0.3和y>0.2,最优选x>0.4,形貌为柱状晶,用乙腈作为碳和氮源采用MTCVD技术沉积于硬质合金上,以使在700-950℃的温度范围形成涂层。
最内层TiCxNyOz,Al2O3层和随后的TiCxNyOz、HfCxNyOz或者ZrCxNyOz层根据现有技术进行沉积。
本发明也涉及根据上述的切削工具刀片的用途,其用于车削铸铁的切割速度为100-700m/min,优选100-600m/min,进给量为0.04-1.0mm/rev,依赖于切割速度和刀片几何形状。
实施例1
牌号A:根据本发明的硬质合金基体组成为5.3wt%Co,3.3wt%Ta,2.1wt%Nb,2.0wt%Ti,6.0wt%O,0.2wt%N,余量为W,通过对粉末进行传统的轧制,压制生坯然后在1430℃烧结制成相应的S值为0.89的与W合金化的粘结相。研究烧结后的微观结构发现碳化物相的平均截取长度为0.71μm,且刀片的表面区域由25μm厚的部分富集几乎没有的立方碳氮化合物相的粘结相组成。基体根据本发明进行涂覆并且在同一涂覆周期内进行紧邻层的沉积。第一层为0.2μm厚的TiCxNyOz层,其中z<0.1和y>0.6,具有等轴晶。第二层为6.9μm厚的用碳氮化合物作为碳和氮源在835-850℃沉积的柱状TiCxNyOz层,具有的碳和氮比约为x/y=1.5,z<0.1。4.5μm厚的Al2O3层,由α相组成,在约1000℃沉积。等轴氮富TiCxNyOz的外层,Z<0.1和y>0.8沉积到0.4μm的厚度。
牌号B:硬质合金基体组成为5.6wt%Co,1.0wt%Ta,0.6wt%Nb,1.9wt%Ti,6.01wt%C,0.13wt%N,余量为W,采用与制造牌号A相同的方法相应的S值为0.89的与W合金化的粘结相。烧结后的碳化物平均截取长度为0.56μm,刀片表面区域由20μm厚的粘结相富集部分几乎没有立方碳氮化合物相组成。基体根据牌号A(根据本发明)进行涂覆。
牌号C:一种设计用于铸铁切削加工的传统硬质合金基体,组成为6.0wt%Co,0.16wt%Ta,5.80wt%C,余量为W。相应的S值为0.94的与W合金化的粘结相,烧结体中的WC平均截取长度为0.61μm,与根据牌号A(根据本发明)的涂层相连。
牌号D:基体的平均组成为5.5wt%Co,1.5wt%Ta,1.3wt%Nb,5.86wt%C,余量为W,没有立方碳氮化合物自由表面区域,相应的S值为0.89的与W合金化的粘结相,在烧结体中的WC平均截取长度为0.57μm,与根据牌号A(根据本发明)的涂层相连。
牌号E:一种用于铸铁切削加工的市售硬质合金牌号,其中根据牌号C的基体与涂层相连,所述涂层由第一TiCxNyOz薄层,厚度为6.2μm的第二柱状TiCxNyOz层,2.1μm厚的κ-Al2O3层,和1.2μm厚富集N的TiCxNyOz最外层组成。
在截取切削的情况下,对牌号A、牌号B、牌号C、牌号D和牌号E边缘韧性进行测试。切削加工操作为纵向车削一个圆柱形开槽棒。
材料:SS1672钢
刀片类型:CNMG120412-M5
切割速度:140m/min
进给量:0.1、0.125、0.16、0.20、0.25、0.315、0.4、0.5、0.63、0.8mm/rev,切割10mm长度后逐渐增加。
切割深度:2.5mm。
工具寿命标准:边缘剥离或者刀片断裂。
结果 | 断裂时平均进给量(mm/rev) |
牌号A(根据本发明的牌号) | 0.32 |
牌号B(根据本发明涂覆) | 0.20 |
牌号C(根据本发明涂覆) | 0.20 |
牌号D(根据本发明涂覆) | 0.15 |
牌号E(现有技术) | 0.18 |
此测试表明,与传统铸铁切削加工牌号相比,基体和根据本发明涂覆的组合体呈现出相同或更高的边缘韧性。测试也表明:如果不形成倾斜表面区域,立方碳氮化合物相的增加也会对边缘韧性产生有害影响。
实施例2
针对一个预钻孔珠光体球墨铸铁元件,对根据牌号A、牌号B和牌号C的刀片进行测试。工具寿命标准为刀具边缘剥离或刀片断裂。
材料: | 球墨铸铁,SS0737 |
组件 | 轴向钻孔圆筒 |
刀片类型 | CNMG120408-MR7 |
切割速度 | 200m/min |
进给量 | 0.35mm/rev |
切割深度 | 1.5mm |
切割条件 | 强力断续切割 |
冷却剂 | 是 |
结果 | 切割次数 |
牌号A(根据本发明的牌号) | 8(轻微剥离) |
牌号B(根据本发明的牌号) | 4(严重剥离) |
牌号C(根据本发明涂覆) | 4(刀片断裂) |
实施例3
纵向车削珠光体球墨铸铁元件,对根据牌号A、牌号B和牌号C刀片进行测试。对不同牌号的抗塑性变形性能进行考察和比较。
材料: | 球墨铸铁,SS0727 |
刀片类型 | CNMG120412-M5 |
切割速度 | 350m/min |
进给量 | 0.4mm/rev |
切割深度 | 2.5mm |
冷却剂 | 否 |
切割时间 | 5分钟 |
结果 | 边缘凹陷 |
牌号A(根据本发明的牌号) | 20μm |
牌号B(根据本发明涂覆) | 20μm |
牌号C(根据本发明涂覆) | 30μm |
正如测试中所示,牌号A的抗塑性变形由于富集Co立方碳氮化合物自由表面区域的存在而没有损坏。
实施例4
针对一个外壳,对根据牌号A、牌号B和牌号C刀片进行测试。生产20个组件后检查刀片,计算沿切割的边缘的微观剥离的数量。
材料: | 球墨铸铁,SS0732 |
刀片类型 | CNMG120412-M5 |
切割速度 | 250m/min |
进给量 | 0.35mm/rev |
切割深度 | 2mm |
冷却剂 | 否 |
元件数量 | 20 |
结果 | 微观剥离数量 |
牌号A(根据本发明的牌号) | 2 |
牌号C(根据本发明涂覆) | 6 |
牌号E(现有技术) | 8 |
测试表明,根据本发明的牌号,牌号A的边缘韧性得到了改善。
Claims (9)
1.一种切削刀片,含有硬质合金坯体和涂层,特别用于车削铸铁,特征在于所述坯体的组成为3.0-9.0wt%,优选4.0-7.0wt%的Co,>4.0-10.0wt%,优选6.0-9.0wt%选自周期表IVb和Vb族、N、C和WC的形成立方碳氮化合物的元素,5-50μm,优选10-40μm的粘结相富集且几乎没有立方碳氮化合物相的厚表面区域,表面区域中粘结相的最大含量为粘结相主体含量的1.2-3vol%,在所述涂层中包括:
—第一最内层TiCxNyOz,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1,优选z<0.5,更优选y>x和z<0.2,最优选y>0.7,含有等轴晶且其总厚度<2μm,优选>0.1μm,
- TiCxNyOz层,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1,优选z<0.2,x>0.3和y>0.2,最优选x>0.4,其厚度为3-14μm,优选4-12μm,最优选5-10μm,含有柱状晶,
—至少一个Al2O3层,厚度为2-14μm,优选3-10μm,最优选3-8μm。
2.根据前述权利要求的切削刀片,特征在于还包括TiCxNyOz、HfCxNyOz或者ZrCxNyOz或者它们的混合物的外层,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1.2,优选y>x和z<0.4,更优选y>0.4,最优选y>0.7,其厚度<3μm,优选0.4-1.5μm。
3.根据前述任何一项权利要求的涂覆切削刀片,特征在于硬质合金坯体的S值在0.78-0.95的范围,优选0.80-0.92,WC相的平均截取长度为0.50-0.95μm,优选0.60-0.85μm。
4.根据前述任何一项权利要求的涂覆切削刀片,特征在于烧结体中N的量相对于选自周期表IVb和Vb族元素重量的>1.0%,优选1.7-5.0%。
5.根据前述任何一项权利要求的涂覆切削刀片,特征在于立方碳氮化合物的量相对于形成立方碳氮化合物的元素Ti、Ta和Ni为0.5-4.0wt%,优选1.0-4.0wt%。
6.根据前述任何一项权利要求的涂覆切削刀片,特征在于Ta和Nb的重量比在0.8-4.5之间,优选为1.2-3.0,Ti和Nb的重量比在0.5-7.0之间,优选为1.0-4.0。
7.一种制造切削刀片的方法,所述的切削刀片包括硬质合金坯体和涂层,特别用于车削铸铁和低合金钢,特征在于所述坯体的组成为3.0-9.0%,优选4.0-7.0wt%的Co,4.0-10.0wt%,优选6.0-9.0wt%选自周期表IVb和Vb族、N、C和WC的形成立方碳氮化合物的元素,5-50μm,优选10-40μm的粘结相富集且几乎没有立方碳氮化合物相的厚表面区域,表面区域中粘结相的最大含量为粘结相主体含量的1.2-3vol%,在所述涂层中包括:
—第一最内层TiCxNyOz,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1,优选z<0.5,更优选y>x和z<0.2,最优选y>0.7,含有等轴晶且其总厚度<2μm,优选>0.1μm,
- TiCxNyOz层,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1,优选z<0.2,x>0.3和y>0.2,最优选x>0.4,其厚度为3-14μm,优选4-12μm,最优选5-10μm,含有柱状晶,
—至少一个Al2O3层,厚度为2-14μm,优选3-10μm,最优选3-8μm。
8.根据权利要求7的制造切削刀片的方法,特征在于还包括TiCxNyOz、HfCxNyOz或ZrCxNyOz或它们的混合物外层,其中0.7≤x+y+z≤1.2,优选y>x和z<0.4,更优选y>0.4,最优选y>0.7,其厚度<3μm,优选为0.4-1.5μm。
9.权利要求1-6任一项的切削刀片在车削铸铁中用途,切割速度为100-700m/min,优选100-600m/min,进给量的值为0.04-1.0mm/rev.,取决于切割速度和刀片的几何形状。
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EP (2) | EP1469101A3 (zh) |
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SE (1) | SE526674C2 (zh) |
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TWI547332B (zh) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-09-01 | 京陶股份有限公司 | 切削工具、切削工具之製造方法,以及使用切削工具來製造切削加工物之方法 |
CN113151804A (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-23 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | 一种碳氮氧化钛涂层及其应用 |
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SE526674C2 (sv) * | 2003-03-24 | 2005-10-25 | Seco Tools Ab | Belagt hårdmetallskär |
SE526526C3 (sv) * | 2003-04-01 | 2005-10-26 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Sätt att belägga skär med A1203 samt ett med A1203 belagt skärverktyg |
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SE528380C2 (sv) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-10-31 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Belagt skär för torrfräsning, sätt och användning av detsamma |
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2003
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2004
- 2004-02-19 US US10/780,681 patent/US7097901B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-04 EP EP04445022A patent/EP1469101A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-15 EP EP04445031A patent/EP1531187A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-24 US US10/807,341 patent/US7132153B2/en active Active
- 2004-03-24 CN CNB2004100317094A patent/CN100563884C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-24 KR KR1020040020038A patent/KR20040084781A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-03-24 CN CNA2004100317111A patent/CN1534104A/zh active Pending
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TWI547332B (zh) * | 2013-07-22 | 2016-09-01 | 京陶股份有限公司 | 切削工具、切削工具之製造方法,以及使用切削工具來製造切削加工物之方法 |
CN113151804A (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-23 | 厦门钨业股份有限公司 | 一种碳氮氧化钛涂层及其应用 |
Also Published As
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EP1469101A3 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
EP1531187A3 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
CN100563884C (zh) | 2009-12-02 |
EP1469101A2 (en) | 2004-10-20 |
US20040265648A1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
SE0300781L (sv) | 2004-09-25 |
KR20040084760A (ko) | 2004-10-06 |
KR20040084781A (ko) | 2004-10-06 |
SE526674C2 (sv) | 2005-10-25 |
US7132153B2 (en) | 2006-11-07 |
CN1534104A (zh) | 2004-10-06 |
US20040197582A1 (en) | 2004-10-07 |
EP1531187A2 (en) | 2005-05-18 |
US7097901B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 |
SE0300781D0 (sv) | 2003-03-24 |
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