CN1531572A - 随时可用的含干燥指示剂的接缝/修补产品 - Google Patents

随时可用的含干燥指示剂的接缝/修补产品 Download PDF

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CN1531572A
CN1531572A CNA008088764A CN00808876A CN1531572A CN 1531572 A CN1531572 A CN 1531572A CN A008088764 A CNA008088764 A CN A008088764A CN 00808876 A CN00808876 A CN 00808876A CN 1531572 A CN1531572 A CN 1531572A
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R·D·克普
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种随时可用的贴补产品,其中含色变指示剂。当该产品干燥后,发出色变信号,如果需要,工人可在表面进行其它操作,如刷漆,砂磨等。在本发明的一方面,将基本上无氨或铵盐的胶乳聚合物用作树脂粘合剂组分。这使存储的产品颜色稳定性增强。

Description

随时可用的含干燥指示剂的接缝/修补产品
                        发明领域
本发明涉及含水时显色的抹墙/修补产品或粉末。本品在使用和干燥后,会从红色或蓝色变为白色。
                        发明背景
抹墙复合物、接缝复合物以及贴补产品已被使用多年,以便在有瑕疵的建筑构件,如墙板、灰泥板和其它的建筑表面提供所希望的光滑的或有织纹的涂层。
通常这些复合物含有树脂粘合剂、石灰石、粘土、润滑剂、稳定剂和增稠剂,这些成分与水混合后形成糊状产品。用抹刀或其它工具可将这种糊状产品涂到所希望的建筑物构件底物上。通过干燥使该产品变硬,以便建筑工人在这种变硬的产品上进行其它操作,如砂磨、敲打、刷漆等。
为给建筑工人提供构件表面已可以进行附加操作的清楚指示,理想的是抹墙、接缝混合物或修补产品含有颜色指示剂,这样在所施加的产品变干后,产品颜色会发生改变。
表面上看,在这样的产品中加入变色指示剂很简单,但由于有产品在预先库存期和贮藏有效期内必须保持颜色稳定的附加要求,问题就变得更加复杂了。因此,对于可硬化的抹墙/修补产品有更特殊的需求,即在干燥时会变色,同时在长期储存时具有增强的颜色稳定性。
                       发明概述
本发明提供了一种随时可用的产品或粉末,其含有含水时产生颜色的变色剂。在应用本产品及产品干燥后颜色会改变,优选从红色或蓝色变为白色。
本产品可显示所应用的产品何时变干,以便在合适的时间进行砂磨,刷漆或重新应用,使性能最佳。这样,与复合物未彻底干燥造成的与应用后(post-application)性能相关的所有问题均可避免。
已评价了的变色指示剂包括酚酞(红色)和百里酚酞(蓝色)。这些众所周知的指示剂在碱性混合物或含碱性混合物的溶液接近中性后可改变颜色,在失水时指示剂也可变色。失水导致无色的指示剂固体的不溶和沉淀。
经测试的一种具体配方如下:
  原料                                                重量%                   样品(2500克)
    Pluronic F-86   0.1000     2.5
    水   14.0500     351.25
预混合后加入
    CMC 7H     0.2500     6.25
    乙二醇     0.5000     12.5
充分混合
    UCAR 412   6.0000     150
充分混合
    Vicron 45-3     71.2000     1780
充分预混合后加入
    水     4.08975     122.4375
    Attagel 40     1.0000     25
预混合后加入
    水   1.5000     37.5
    45%氢氧化钾   0.5000     12.5
加入
    酚酞   0.0025     0.0625
    W/o防腐剂   0.0000     0
  100.0000     2500
Pluronic F-68-聚亚氧烷基乙二醇嵌段共聚物;可从BASF获取
CMC 7H-羧甲基纤维素;可从Hercules获取
UCAR 412-丙烯酸丁酯/异丁烯酸甲酯/异丁烯酸的三元共聚物,pH(8-9);可从Union Carbide获取
Vicron 45-3-石灰石粉
Attage l40-美国活性白土;可从Engelhardt获取本产品的颜色为从红色到粉红色,干燥时变为白色。
上述配方的pH值优选在约11-13之间,以在应用产品时提高指示剂颜色的稳定性。
                     优选实施方案详述
通常变色贴补、接缝或抹墙组合物含有表面活性剂、保水剂、冻融剂(free-thaw agent)、树脂粘合剂、颜料、填料(filter)、pH调节剂和所希望的变色指示剂。由于广泛使用,这些组合物一般被称为“贴补”复合物。
至于可用的表面活性剂,可从市售的各种化合物中选择。这包括乙氧基化烷基酚,如:可从Union Carbide获取的产品Triton,可从Rohm & Haas获取的产品Tamol,可从例如BASF获取的聚亚氧烷基乙二醇嵌段共聚物。
保水剂或增稠剂优选是纤维素醚如羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、羟乙基甲基纤维素(HEC)、羟丙基甲基纤维素、碱性可膨胀和/或缔合性增稠剂等,它们都可从市场上买到。优选的增稠剂是可从Aqualon,Wilmington Delaware获取的增稠剂,且特别优选CMC 7H和Natrosol产品。
尽管冻融剂一般可使用二醇类,但通常选乙二醇。
树脂粘合剂组分可从组(I)聚乙烯酯及其衍生的聚合物和/或组(II)丙烯酸树脂粘合剂中选择。属于第(I)组规定的代表性粘合剂包括聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯(丁缩醛)、聚氯乙烯等。
属于第(II)组规定的代表性粘合剂包括丙烯酸聚合物和共聚物。通常这些物质含有优选与其它含烯键不饱和单体共聚的共聚了的丙烯酸不饱和单体。丙烯酸不饱和单体包括丙烯酸或异丁烯酸的低级烷基酯,且烷基酯部分含1-12个碳原子,以及丙烯酸和异丁烯酸的芳香族衍生物。有用的丙烯酸单体包括:例如丙烯酸和异丁烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯和异丁烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和异丁烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯和异丁烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸丙酯和异丁烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯和异丁烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸环己酯和异丁烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸癸酯和异丁烯酸癸酯、丙烯酸异癸酯和异丁烯酸异癸酯、丙烯酸苄酯和异丁烯酸苄酯以及如丁基、苯基和甲酚缩水甘油醚与丙烯酸和异丁烯酸反应的各种反应产物,丙烯酸羟烷基酯和异丁烯酸羟烷基酯,如丙烯酸羟乙酯和羟丙酯和异丁烯酸羟乙酯和羟丙酯,以及氨基丙烯酸酯和异丁烯酸酯。
丙烯酸单体优选与烯键式不饱和单体而不是与丙烯酸单体共聚。烯键式不饱和单体不同于所述丙烯酸不饱和单体,可包括例如那些显示出烯键式不饱和双键性质的单体材料,如可聚合的乙烯基、烯丙基、反丁烯二酸、顺丁烯二酸,或显示类似烯键式不饱和双键官能性(碳-碳不饱和键)的,可在所述丙烯酸不饱和单体中与丙烯酸不饱和双键共聚的单体。
烯键式不饱和单体可以包括,例如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯和取代的烷基苯乙烯,氯苯乙烯、乙烯基甲苯、乙烯基萘、顺丁烯二酸二丁酯、丁二烯、氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烯、丙烯酰胺和丙烯腈和类似的烯键式不饱和单体。在使用过氧或偶氮催化剂、普通氧化还原催化剂、紫外辐射或其它类似条件下,烯键式不饱和单体可与所述的含丙烯酸不饱和键的单体通过自由基诱导加成聚合。本发明的丙烯酸共聚物可通过以下方式合成,即在自由基引发剂或偶氮催化剂存在下,在一段时间内向水性聚合介质中加入单体混合物,以生成丙烯酸胶乳共聚物。在单体聚合中通常使用占单体重量约1-2%的过氧化物引发剂。
目前,为了提高产品的颜色稳定性,优选使用在胶乳中基本不含氨(NH3)或铵盐的树脂粘合剂胶乳。最优选的是UCAR胶乳412,它主要的聚合组分包括:
丙烯酸丁酯(BA)/异丁烯酸甲酯(MMA)/异丁烯酸(MA)聚合物。
当MMA 以摩尔数计达约40-60%,MA达约0-5%时,BA重复单元可达约40-60%。这种特殊胶乳含大约45重量%聚合物固体和约53重量%的水。此外该胶乳含少量的防腐剂、消泡剂、阴离子稳定剂和自由基引发剂的残余物。在生产该产品时未加氨或铵盐。据说这种胶乳产品中加入了约2重量%的壬苯氧基聚(乙烯氧基)乙醇表面活性剂。
下一个是关于颜料,它可从各种化合物中选择,包括石灰石粉,TiO2白色着色剂(stain white)等。
还可加入填料,如纤维、光滑球体、珍珠岩、蛭石、滑石粉、粘土等。
可加入pH调节剂,如NaOH,KOH,K2CO3和其它的碱调整产品pH值优选呈碱性。
正如以上提到的,有代表性的变色剂包括酚酞(浅粉红色)(PTL)和百里酚酞(蓝色)。另外,还可能被提到的是邻甲酚酞(红色),乙基二(2,4-二硝基苯)醋酸酯(蓝绿色),对硝基苯酚(黄色),间硝基苯酚(黄色),间二硝基苯酚(黄色),1,2,5-三硝基苯酚(橙色),以及2,4,6-三硝基苯酚(橙色)。这些颜色指示剂在处于碱性pH下具有颜色,当产品干燥后便失去其颜色。
示例性的组合物如下:
表面活性剂            0-10%
增稠剂                0-10%
冻融剂                0-10%
树脂粘合剂            1-50%
颜料                  1-80%
水                    10-50%
填料                  0-80%
pH调节剂              0.01-10%
变色指示剂            0.00001-10%
(上述组分加至100wt%)
优选的组合物如下:
表面活性剂            0.05-5.0%
增稠剂                0.1-5.0%
冻融剂                0.1-2.0%
树脂粘合剂            1-50.00%
颜料                  40-80.00%
水                    15-40.00%
填料                  1-20%
pH调节剂              0.25-5%
变色指示剂            0.001-5%
(上述组分加至100wt%)
此时(即最佳模式)最优选的组合物如下:
水                        18.48wt%
表面活性剂
Tamol 850                 0.57wt%
Pluronic F68              0.21wt%
粘土
attagel 40                1.92wt%
碳酸钙
microwhite 100            42.14wt%
vicron 45-3               20.73wt%
增稠剂
CMC 7H                    0.06wt%
Natrosol 250*             0.13wt%
pH调节剂
K2CO3(45%)             0.34wt%
冻溶化剂
乙二醇                    0.99wt%
颜色指示剂
PTL                       0.02wt%
PH=11.8-12.8;密度14.8-15.00lbs/gal;颜色=粉红色
*-改性羟乙基纤维素-Aqualon Div.Hercules
依照本发明,技工借助于抹刀或其它工具将修补组合物施加于所需结构的表面,提供一个光滑的或有织纹的表面。在涂敷时,产品处于其有色状态(例如,当PTL作为颜色指示剂时为粉红色)。当干燥后,颜色变为白色,从而指示技工在这样处理过的表面可进行其它的操作等。
下面说明性例子将对本发明作进一步描述,但这些例子并非用于限定本发明。
除上述提到的产品外,在这些例子中还将用到下列产品名称:
U CAR 353-Union Carbide;醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸丁酯胶乳
U CAR 413-Union Carbide;丙烯酸丁酯/异丁烯酸甲酯/异丁烯酸胶乳
实施例
为了评价本发明的抹墙/修补产品的颜色稳定性,需要进行下面的工作:
实施例1
准备抹墙物配方,该配方包括UCAR 353,用酚酞(PTL)作变色指示剂。该配方中主要成分如下(所有组分的单位用克表示):
Pluromic F-68                    0.30
水                               63.58
UCAR 353                         19.2
乙二醇                           1.5
attagel 40                       3.0
PTL                              0.03
KOH(45%)                        1.5
vicron 45-3                      210
最初混合物的pH值约为12.68,但一天内降到了无法接受的水平,9.57。
实施例2
制备具有如下配比的另一种产品:
Pluronic F-68                    2.5克
CMC 7-H                          6.25克
水                               511.19克
乙二醇                           12.5克
U CAR 413                        150克
vicron 45-3                      1780克
attagel 40                       25克
KOH(45%)                        12.5克
PTL                              0.0625克
产品起初是粉红色的,但在密闭容器,120°F条件下储存约4周后,产品颜色基本消失。
实施例3
为保持所希望的颜色水平,在配方中增加了PTL的量:
配方如下:
UCAR 413                         106克
水                               281.8克
Pluronic F-68                    2.5克
乙二醇                           15.00克
attagel 40                       25.00克
vicron 45-3                      1110.00克
CMC 7H                           2.1克
KOH(45%)                        4.4克
PTL                              0.25克
起初产品具有亮粉色外观,pH值为11.01,在120°F条件下储存约5周半后,可注意到颜色迅速消散。
实施例4
在另一提高产品颜色稳定性的努力中,在配方中增加了KOH(pH调节剂)的量:
制备如下组合物:
水                               240克
乙二醇                           15克
CMC 7H                           2.1克
vicron 45-3                      1,110.00克
U CAR 413                        106克
Pluronic F-68                    2.50克
attagel 40                       20.00克
KOH(45%)                        6.2克
PTL                              0.25克
产品初始pH值增加到大于12的pH值,在120°F条件下储存约5周半后,颜色消退到了最初强度的约45-50%。
实施例5
为减慢褪色速度,用无氨聚合物作树脂粘合剂。这种聚合物最初被称为“无氨”的UCAR 413,现在重新将其分类为UCAR 412,预先可获得的UCAR 413中已被合成含有少量(至约1重量%)的氢氧化铵,以提高产品的pH。生产商已说明在UCAR 412的生产过程中取消了这一步骤,因此胶乳聚合物被称为“基本上无氨”,本文提及的无氨是指不含NH3和/或它的铵盐形式,该短语代表在胶乳中氨或铵盐含量少于0.5重量%的聚合物乳胶。
该新配方包括以下成分:
水                               240克
CMC 7H                           15克
vicron 45-3                      1,110.00克
U CAR 412                        106克
(无NH4OH)
Pluronic F68                     2.5克
attagel 40                       25.00克
KOH(45%)                        4.40克
PTL                              0.25克
产品是亮粉色并显示出很好的色泽均一性。将其置于很多小锤坑上后1-1.5小时就会干燥。
产品的初始pH值是11.1。120°F条件下储存7周后,出人意料地观察到其颜色仍很好的保持到原始粉红色浓度的85-90%。产品的粘度也稳定。
实施例6
另外的一批U CAR 412(NH3或NH4OH)可以从厂家得到。在收到时,这种胶乳的pH值是8.85。(厂家指出一种胺杀虫剂被加入到胶乳中,这最可能导致胶乳聚合物的高pH值)。混合该聚合物胶乳和以上例5中所给的其它组分来制备抹墙组合物。产品的初始pH值是11.38。120°F条件下储存6周后,最初的粉红色没有发现明显的变化。
当换为一种基本上无氨的胶乳聚合物后,可观察到产品颜色稳定性的提高。由于已知PTL可在碱性介质中呈粉红色到红色,在中性pH值中变为无色,因此这是与直觉相反的。十分显然,人们会想到聚合物胶乳NH3的存在会提高产品的pH值从而导致颜色稳定性的提高。
虽说上述描述以及例子描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但这并不意味着本发明局限于上述范围。本发明涵盖与上述公开的这些具体实施方案的同等物和改进。

Claims (18)

1.一种贴补组合物,其包括树脂粘合剂、颜料和变色指示剂。
2.一种贴补组合物,其中包括0-10重量%的表面活性剂、0-10重量%的增稠剂、0-10重量%的冻融剂、1-50重量%的树脂粘合剂、1-80重量%的颜料、约10-50重量%的水、约0-80重量%的填料、约0.1-10重量%的pH调节剂、变色指示剂的量占0.00001-10%,上述百分比共计100重量%。
3.一种贴补组合物,其中包括树脂粘合剂、颜料和变色指示剂,所述树脂粘合剂包括无氨和无铵盐的聚合物胶乳。
4.一种贴补组合物,其中包括0.05-5.0重量%的表面活性剂、0.1-5.0重量%的增稠剂、0.1-2.0重量%的冻融剂、1-50重量%的树脂粘合剂、40-80重量%的颜料、15-40重量%的水、1-20重量%的填料、约0.25-5重量%的pH调节剂、0.001-5%的变色指示剂,上述百分比共计100重量%。
5.一种贴补组合物,其中包括水、树脂粘合剂和颜料,其改进在于所述树脂粘合剂包括从(I)聚乙烯酯及所述聚乙烯酯的衍生物和(II)丙烯酸树脂粘合剂选取的成分,所述树脂粘合剂呈胶乳状,并且在所述胶乳中基本上不含氨或铵盐,所述组合物中还包括在保持碱性pH条件下具有一种颜色,在所述组合物干燥后失色的变色指示剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述树脂粘合剂是一种丙烯酸树脂粘合剂,所述变色指示剂包括从下列组中选择的一种物质,该组由邻甲酚酞、乙基二(2,4-二硝基苯)醋酸酯、对硝基苯酚、间硝基苯酚、间二硝基苯酚、1,3,5-三硝基苯酚以及2,4,6-三硝基苯酚、酚酞(PTL)、百里酚酞组成,所述组合物进一步具有约11-13的pH值。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其中树脂粘合剂包括作为聚合物组分的共聚物,且该共聚物包含丙烯酸丁酯和异丁烯酸甲酯重复单元。
8.如权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述共聚物还包括异丁烯酸重复单元。
9.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述树脂粘合剂包括作为聚合物组分的丙烯酸丁酯BA/异丁烯酸甲酯(MMA)/异丁烯酸(MA)重复单元;基于所述聚合物组分总量,所述BA的摩尔量为约40-60%,所述MMA的摩尔量约40-60%,所述MA的摩尔量约0-5%。
10.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述变色指示剂包括酚酞。
11.一种处理存在于建筑物表面的缺陷或类似物的方法包括:
向所述表面涂抹有效量的水性贴补组合物,该组合物的成分包括树脂粘合剂,颜料,变色指示剂,所述变色指示剂在使用时是有颜色的;
上述组合物变干时,颜色会从所述组合物消散。
12.如权利要求11所述的方法,其中所述水性贴补组合物在应用时具有碱性pH值。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述水性贴补组合物包括作为其树脂粘合剂的,从(I)聚乙烯酯及所述聚乙烯酯衍生物和(II)丙烯酸树脂粘合剂选取的一种物质,其中所述树脂粘合剂呈胶乳状,并且在所述胶乳中基本上不含氨或铵盐。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述变色指示剂包括从下列组中选择的一种,该组由邻甲酚酞、乙基二(2,4-二硝基苯)醋酸酯、对硝基苯酚、间硝基苯酚、间二硝基苯酚、1,3,5-三硝基苯酚以及2,4,6-三硝基苯酚、酚酞(PTL)和百里酚酞组成,所述水性贴补组合物还具有约11-13的pH值。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述树脂粘合剂是丙烯酸树脂粘合剂(II),包括作为聚合物组分的共聚物,该共聚物包括丙烯酸丁酯和异丁烯酸甲酯重复单元。
16.如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述共聚物还包括异丁烯酸重复单元。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其中所述树脂粘合剂包括作为聚合物组分的丙烯酸丁酯BA/异丁烯酸甲酯(MMA)/异丁烯酸(MA)重复单元;基于所述聚合物组分中存在的重复单元的总摩尔数,所述BA存在的摩尔量约为40-60%,所述MMA存在的摩尔量约为40-60%,所述MA存在的摩尔量约为0-5%。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述变色指示剂包括PTL。
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