CN1530004A

CN1530004A - Technology for controlling deserts by planting in artificial wet lands with internal irrigation

Info

Publication number: CN1530004A
Application number: CNA031217214A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张永忠
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-03-14
Filing date: 2003-03-14
Publication date: 2004-09-22
Anticipated expiration: 2023-03-14
Also published as: CN1247065C

Abstract

An artificial nunja with underground irrigation for controlling the desertified earth by planting the trees and other plants features that each nunja block (100mX22mX3m) is isolated by polyethylene film spread on its bottom and periphery, the sandy soil, loess and vegetation soil are filled in it, and the water pipelines communinated to underground well and the air pipelines are spread.

Description

The artificial muskeg sand control of internal irrigation type technology

Technical field

" the artificial muskeg sand control of internal irrigation type technology " (hereinafter to be referred as artificial wetland) belongs to agriculture and forestry water saving vegetation technique

Background technology

1. artificial wetland shape

Artificial wetland body shape described in " the artificial muskeg sand control of internal irrigation type technology " is: longitudinal and transverse cross section is trapezoidal, and the degree of depth is 3 meters, and is suitable for reading wide 20 meters, and long 100 meters, 18 meters of following bottom width, long 98 meters cuboid.Body lower floor is a sand, and the middle level is loess or clay, and the upper strata is the rich soil that is used to plant.This paper is called vegetation soil.

2. the water drainage-supply system of artificial wetland

Burying the diameter of being made by concrete underground in layer of sand soil bottom is the sand-lime pipe that 50cm has good gas permeability.This paper claims the ground hoistway.Be provided with ground well at hoistway two ends, ground, and link to each other with the ground hoistway.Being mainly used in moisture in the sand can in time enter and be convenient to discharge excessive moisture in the sand-lime pipe.Be embedded with grey composite metal plastic pipe in the middle and upper part of vegetation soil.(this paper claims the aqueous vapor road) this pipeline outside is that diameter is the sand-lime pipe of 30cm good air permeability, and wall thickness is 5cm, is provided with diameter 10cm in the sand-lime pipe, wall thickness is the vinyl tube of 5mm.At plastic tube horizontal plane 45 degree places, stamp the water spray pore of one group of 10mm every 1.5-2 rice position, each group 4-6 hole, utilize this structure with aqueous vapor in plastic tube is injected into the sand-lime pipe, aqueous vapor is utilized sand-lime pipe excellent permeability soil conveying moisture or air towards periphery, ensures that wetland has good soil moisture content.

3. the soil moisture conservation system of artificial wetland

Is the polyethylene plastic film of one in wetland body bottom with all being equipped with through secure bond all around, and thickness is (1-1.5) micron.Be covered with common agricultural mulching above the body, be stamped the thick sandy soil of 20-30cm above the agricultural mulching with the protection mulch film.The periphery of wetland body is provided with polyethylene plastic film to be used to keep moisture in the wetland to be difficult for evaporation or to run off.Constitute the soil moisture conservation system of wetland.

4. the oxygen guarantee of artificial wetland

The wetland body is by the bigger climatic variation of arid area daytime, the night temperature difference and go up the imprecision of ground membrane closure, finishes gas exchange in the soil by the phenomenon of expanding with heat and contract with cold of body self, in case of necessity also can be by the aqueous vapor road to underground gas injection.

5. service life of artificial wetland

Adopt not degrading polyethylene plastics and cement bonded sand putty material owing to build artificial wetland, and in the underground oxidation Decomposition that is difficult for.If not circuitous artificial destruction can be used more than 100 years continuously.

Summary of the invention

1. underground multiple film soil moisture conservation technology

By counterdie, side form, go up the soil moisture conservation system that mulch film constitutes wetland, realize the soil moisture conservation function.

2. buried pipe network control moisture in the soil technology

Constitute the water drainage-supply system of wetland by ground hoistway, ground well, aqueous vapor road, aqueous vapor road inlet valve, (supporting by water supply plant) is by supplying water or draining is regulated soil tilth in the wetland.

Invention description

The artificial wetland sand control of internal irrigation type technology building will have underground water and water supply plant to do guarantee.

Description of drawings

(1) the artificial wetland sectional schematic diagram of figure one internal irrigation type

(2) the artificial muskeg sectional schematic diagram of figure two internal irrigation types

(3) the artificial wetland aqueous vapor of figure three internal irrigation types road generalized section

(4) the artificial wetland vertical view of figure four internal irrigation types

(5) the artificial wetland of figure five internal irrigation types ground hoistway generalized section

Embodiment

One, artificial wetland structure title of internal irrigation type and function

1. cuticula sand

Be laid on above the mulch film, thickness is the sandy soil of 20-30cm.Be used to protect mulch film to exempt from nature or artificial damage, and the effect that prevents the wetland water evaporates is arranged.

2. along the ridge

The cement ridge of wetland periphery.Be used to define wetland area and shape, and the effect of protection wetland is arranged.

3. stake

Be used to show every technical parameter of wetland, scope, the degree of depth, time of completion and the accurate location of expression wetland.

4. go up mulch film

Be laid on the polyethylene plastic film below the cuticula sand, thickness (1-1.5) micron is used to prevent the natural evaporation of wetland moisture.

5. side mulch film

Be laid on wetland body polyethylene plastic film all around, thickness (1-1.5) micron is used to prevent the horizontal loss of moisture in the wetland.

6. counterdie

Be laid on the polyethylene plastic film of wetland bottom, thickness (1-1.5) micron is used to prevent the downward seepage of moisture in the wetland.

7. aqueous vapor road

Be embedded in the composite cementation water pipe in the muskeg soil.(seeing figure one, figure three)

8. hoistway

Be embedded in the husky ash concrete pipe of infiltration of wetland bottom, be used in time getting rid of the excessive moisture in the wetland.

9. ground well

Perpendicular to the pipe of cement of ground hoistway terminal, diameter is 50cm, is used to observe the subterranean water level in the wetland, is the main water supply and sewage passage of wetland.

10. vegetation soil

Be laid on the soil about the 1m of mulch film bottom, be mainly used in cultivation of plants.

11. base soil

Be laid on the filling soil below the vegetation soil, thickness is decided according to the effect of wetland.

12. water storage sand

Be laid on the sandy soil of wetland bottom, general thickness is used to store the moisture of wetland between 1m-1.5m.

Two, the artificial wetland operation principle of internal irrigation type

Last mulch film, side form, counterdie constitute the water retention system of artificial wetland.Aqueous vapor road, ground well, hoistway constitute the water drainage-supply system of artificial wetland, according to needs and the changes of seasons of vegetation,, guarantee the normal growth of plant by the soil moisture content that supplies water or draining is regulated vegetation soil.Artificial wetland is by the locality variation of the weather temperature difference round the clock, in conjunction with the rising-heat contracting-cold phenomenon of self, utilize on the plant root the imprecision of membrane closure, realize the gas exchange of soil.Also available in case of necessity hair-dryer is dried in the aqueous vapor road and is implemented the tonifying Qi operation.When wetland plant generation damage by disease and insect, can be by the aqueous vapor road to underground perfusion liquid pesticide and liquid fertilizer.

Three, the planning of the artificial wetland of internal irrigation type and construction

1. the artificial wetland of planning construction will be according to the law and the policy of country, plan according to the different purposes and the scale of building to consider also simultaneously whether landform is smooth, land quality, soil nature, water source, traffic, communication, the guarantee situation of electric power and the needs of building Sha Qu cities and towns, development characteristic economy.

2. build the artificial wetland of internal irrigation type and should adhere to following steps

1. on-the-spot reconnaissance requires to carry out prospective design according to the overall planning of building, to the effect that the supply situation of the degree of depth of landform, geology, total area, subterranean water level, earth surface water source, maximum wind power, wind direction, year the highest minimum air temperature, light application time and the local masses' cultural moral attainment, environmental consciousness, law and discipline idea etc.

2. organizing construction's (is example to build the shelterbelt wetland) the first slots.According to the wetland purposes, according to the requirement of construction drawing, with machinery or hand excavation's groove, the gradient coefficient of end mouth is 0.33, and the degree of depth is 3m, width 20m suitable for reading, bottom width 18m, ditch flute length 100m, and the bottom is smooth, compacting, the fine sand compacting of then spreading 20cm.The second, overlay film.With degrading polyethylene plastics film not, thickness is (1-1.5) micron, amplify 5% by floor space when laying counterdie, then with counterdie and side form bonding, overlapping width is 10cm, overlapping bonds with plastic cement, and positive and negative cements with adhesive tape again, and each secondary plastic foil is all used above-mentioned way bonding when laying side form.

3. banket and fill according to the order of elder generation's husky back soil.Bury hoistway underground when water storage sand is filled into 20cm on the groove longitudinal axis, hoistway is internal diameter 50cm, and the infiltration cement sandpipe of wall thickness 6cm is suitably used concrete strengthening in the bottom when laying hoistway.Interface is wanted firmly with cementitious, after completing basic soil, fill out the 30cm vegetation soil air flue pedestal of then fetching water again and lay the aqueous vapor road, aqueous vapor road specification: sand-lime bore 30cm, wall thickness is 5cm, laying diameter in the pipe is 100mm, thickness is the vinyl tube of 5mm, and above the horizon beat the 10mm hole for water spraying in 45 degree places at this pipe, pitch-row is 150mm, every group six hole, the group distance is a 1.5-2 rice, upper edge, aqueous vapor road is controlled at 40-50cm in last mulch film and is advisable, and should do once infiltration experiment after the aqueous vapor road lays, and the not smooth pipeline of infiltration is answered the complement hole for water spraying.

4. pour water with oozing after vegetation soil is filled and led up, should irritate water again one time, when vegetation soil soil moisture content was in optimum state, then to cover thickness be 20-30cm cuticula sand to mulch film in the laying.

5. staking is in time played a cuboid concrete stake, specification for four jiaos suitable for reading at wetland after wetland is built up: long 1m, and wide 10cm, stake main mark content: wetland numbering, this ground coordinate, time of completion, wetland area, the degree of depth, so that use and manage.

6. rule along the wetland inside wide 50cm that makes a call to suitable for reading according to stake along the ridge, the high 40cm low bank of earth between fields or concrete field bund are with effective protection wetland with beating.

Note:

If build agricultural wetland, cuticula sand is not laid by the superiors, and mulch film will be used the degradable disponsable plastic foil, and the wetland degree of depth can be adjusted about 1.5m, if build the plastic tunnel wetland, the degree of depth gets final product about 1m.

3. the maintenance and management of wetland

The Nursing Administrator is in nurse forest or crops while, more to pay attention to nursing wetland, make the wetland facility often be in serviceable condition,, carry out current check according to the vegetation needs, its content is: one, whether vegetation soil soil moisture content is good, two, whether well head is tight-closed, and three, whether the aqueous vapor road close, be strictly on guard against in the ground well or have silt or foreign material to stop up in the aqueous vapor road, ground along the ridge or stake whether intact, last mulch film and cuticula sand prevent to damage for fetching earth because of the people.

4. the operation of wetland

1. draining is when the excessive harm plant growing of tired wetland water content, use water pump in the ground well to extracardiac pumping, reduce the wetland water level, make soil moisture content reach standard.

2. pour water operation when the wetland arid need be poured water, should in time adopt water supply plant, through the aqueous vapor road junction to underground flooding till soil moisture content is suitable.

When 3. dispenser fertilising is when plant generation damage by disease and insect or because of the fertilizer deficiency poor growth, can utilize chance to underground flooding by the aqueous vapor pipe to underground fluid injection attitude agricultural chemicals and the chemical fertilizer executed.

5. the prevention of several situations and processing

1. going up mulch film, side form, counterdie is the pith that wetland prevents water evaporates or loss, forbids to fetch earth in wetland, digs a well, drills, in order to avoid plastic foil is damaged influence soil moisture conservation effect.

2. protection ground is along the ridge and stake, and finding has damage and lose, even should repair and replenish.

3. prevent that ground well and aqueous vapor road foreign material from stopping up, when to underground flooding, should fully purify and filter, forbid containing husky water and directly enter in ground well or the aqueous vapor road that silt up preventing, well head and aqueous vapor road junction should be in the complete closed state usually.When ground well and aqueous vapor road occurring and silt up, use tubule footpath slush pump and clean, should excavate in case of necessity and reset.

6. the title of material and specification

1. plastic foil is a vinyon, and thickness is (1-1.5) micron

2. hoistway, ground well are porous cement sand tube, and diameter is 50cm, and thickness is 6cm

3. the aqueous vapor road is a multiple tube, and interior pipe is a vinyon, and diameter 100mm, wall thickness are 5mm, and outer tube is a porous cement sand tube, and internal diameter is 30cm, and wall thickness is 5cm.

4. stake is long 1m, the concrete stake of wide 10cm

Claims

" the artificial muskeg sand control of internal irrigation type technology " belongs to farming, forestry water saving vegetation technique field.This technology has following feature:

1. underground overlay film soil moisture conservation functional utilization polyethylene plastic film has character airtight and that do not degrade, passes through the bonding disposable bottom that is embedded in wetland, all around with the form of top with counterdie, side form, last mulch film, constitutes the soil moisture conservation system of this wetland.
2. buried pipe network control moisture in the soil functional utilization is embedded in this intrinsic ground of wetland hoistway, aqueous vapor road high ventilation, water penetration are equipped with ground well, aqueous vapor road valve and confession, pumping equipment constitutes buried pipe network control moisture in the soil system, this system can in time extract water out or from the water airway valve aqueous vapor injected undergroundly from ground well with water pump according to the actual needs of muskeg, finishes and transfers the moisture in the soil function.Because this wetland has soil moisture conservation function and control moisture in the soil function, through artificial managing with delicacy and safeguarding, can build forest according to the local climate characteristics, cultivate the orchard, realize the target that water-saving agriculture is produced.

The artificial muskeg sand control of internal irrigation type technology is a sand control development water-saving agriculture.Improve the ecological environment, promote the important technical of arid area economic development.In order to ensure the correct utilization of this technology, bring benefit to the mankind, protect legitimate rights and interests of the present invention, the following claim of special proposition:

One, claimed: underground overlay film soil moisture conservation technology

Two, claimed: buried pipe network control moisture in the soil technology