CN1512967A - 介导式生物废物材料电化学氧化 - Google Patents
介导式生物废物材料电化学氧化 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1512967A CN1512967A CNA028107780A CN02810778A CN1512967A CN 1512967 A CN1512967 A CN 1512967A CN A028107780 A CNA028107780 A CN A028107780A CN 02810778 A CN02810778 A CN 02810778A CN 1512967 A CN1512967 A CN 1512967A
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- Prior art keywords
- anolyte
- waste
- catholyte
- oxidizing
- electrolyte
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical compound [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
- A61L2/186—Peroxide solutions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L11/00—Methods specially adapted for refuse
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
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Abstract
Description
族 | 亚族 | 元素 | 价态 | 物质 | 具体氧化还原偶 |
I | A | 无 | |||
B | 铜(Cu) | +2 | Cu+2(二价铜)HCuO2 -(二赤铜矿)CuO2 -2(赤铜矿) | +2/+3,+4+3/+4 | |
+3 | Cu+3CuO2 -(铜酸盐)Cu2O3(三氧化二铜) | ||||
+4 | CuO2(过氧化铜) | ||||
银(Ag) | +1 | Ag+(亚银离子)AgO-(辉银矿) | +1/+2,+3+2/+3 | ||
+2 | Ag+2(银离子)AgO(氧化银) | ||||
+3 | AgO+(氧银离子)Ag2O3(三氧化二银) | ||||
金(Au) | +1 | Au+(亚金离子) | +1/+3,+4+3/+4 | ||
+3 | Au+3(金离子)AuO+(氧金根)H3AuO3(金酸)H2AuO3 -(一价金酸根)HAuO3 -2(二价金酸根)AuO3 -3(三价金酸根)Au2O3(氧化金)Au(OH)3(氢氧化金) | ||||
+4 | AuO2(过氧化金) | ||||
II | A | 镁(Mg) | +2 | Mg+2(镁离子) | +2/+4 |
+4 | MgO2(过氧化镁) | ||||
钙(Ca) | +2 | Ca+2 | +2/+4 | ||
+4 | CaO2(过氧化钙) | ||||
锶(Sr) | +2 | Sr+2 | +2/+4 | ||
+4 | SrO2(过氧化锶) | ||||
钡(Ba) | +2 | Ba+2 | +2/+4 | ||
+4 | BaO2(过氧化钡) | ||||
B | 锌(Zn) | +2 | Zn+2(锌离子)ZnOH+(锌羟基(zincyl))HZnO2 -(锌酸氢根)ZnO2 -2(锌酸根) | +2/+4 | |
+4 | ZnO2(过氧化锌) | ||||
汞(Hg) | +2 | Hg+2(汞离子)Hg(OH)2(氢氧化汞)HHgO2 -(汞酸氢根) | +2/+4 | ||
+4 | HgO2(过氧化汞) |
族 | 亚族 | 元素 | 价态 | 物质 | 具体氧化还原偶 |
III | A | 硼(B) | +3 | H3BO3(原硼酸)H2BO3 -、HBO3 -2、BO3 -3(原硼酸根)BO2 -(偏硼酸根)H2B4O7(四硼酸)HB4O7 -/B4O7 -2(四硼酸根)B2O4 -2(二硼酸根)B6O10 -2(六硼酸根) | +3/+4.5,+5 |
+4.5 | B2O5 -(二硼酸根) | ||||
+5 | BO3 -/BO2 -旽2O(过硼酸根) | ||||
铊(Tl) | +1 | Tl+1(一价铊离子) | +1/+3或+3.33+3/+3.33 | ||
+3 | Tl+3(三价铊离子)TlO+、TlOH+2、Tl(OH)2 +(thallyl)Tl2O3(三氧化二铊)Tl(OH)3(氢氧化铊) | ||||
+3.33 | Tl3O5(过氧化铊) | ||||
B | 参见稀土和锕系元素 | ||||
IV | A | 碳(C) | +4 | H2CO3(碳酸)HCO3 -(碳酸氢根)CO3 -2(碳酸根) | +4/+5,+6 |
+5 | H2C2O6(高二碳酸) | ||||
+6 | H2CO4(高一碳酸) | ||||
锗(Ge) | +4 | H2GeO3(锗酸)HGeO3 -(锗酸氢根)GeO3 -2(锗酸根)Ge+4(四价锗离子)GeO4 -4H2Ge2O5(重锗酸)H2Ge4O9(四锗酸)H2Ge5O11(五锗酸)HGe5O11 -(五锗酸氢根) | +4/+6 | ||
+6 | Ge5O11 -2(五锗酸根) | ||||
锡(Sn) | +4 | Sn+4(四价锡离子)HSnO3 -(锡酸氢根)SnO3 -2(锡酸根)SnO2(氧化锡)Sn(OH)4(氢氧化锡) | +4/+7 | ||
+7 | SnO4 -(高锡酸根) | ||||
铅(Pb) | +2 | Pb+2(二价铅离子)HPbO2 -(亚铅酸氢根)PbOH+PbO2 -2(亚铅酸根)PbO(氧化铅) | +2,+2.67,+3/+4 | ||
+2.67 | Pb3O4(亚铅-高铅氧化物) | ||||
+3 | Pb2O3(三氧化二铅) | ||||
+4 | Pb+4(四价铅离子)PbO3 -2(偏高铅酸根)HPbO3 -(偏高铅酸氢根)PbO4 -4(原高铅酸根)PbO2(二氧化铅) |
族 | 亚族 | 元素 | 价态 | 物质 | 具体氧化还原偶 |
IV | B | 钛 | +4 | TiO+2(氧钛基)HTiO4 -(钛酸氢根)TiO2(二氧化钛) | +4/+6 |
+6 | TiO2 +2(高氧钛基)HTiO4 -(高钛酸氢根)TiO4 -2(高钛酸根)TiO3(过氧化钛) | ||||
锆(Zr) | +4 | Zr+4(四价锆离子)ZrO+2(氧锆基)HZrO3 -(锆酸氢根) | +4/+5,+6,+7 | ||
+5 | Zr2O5(五氧化二锆) | ||||
+6 | ZrO3(过氧化锆) | ||||
+7 | Zr2O7(七氧化二锆) | ||||
铪(Hf) | +4 | Hf+4(四价铪离子)HfO+2(氧铪基) | +4/+6 | ||
+6 | HfO3(过氧化铪) | ||||
V | A | 氮 | +5 | HNO3(硝酸)NO3 -(硝酸根) | +5/+7 |
+7 | HNO4(高氮酸) | ||||
磷(P) | +5 | H3PO4(原磷酸)H2PO4 -(一价原磷酸根)HPO4 -2(二价原磷酸根)PO4 -3(三价原磷酸根)HPO3(偏磷酸)H4P2O7(焦磷酸)H5P3O10(三磷酸)H6P4O13(四磷酸) | +5/+6,+7 | ||
+6 | H4P2O8(过磷酸) | ||||
+7 | H3PO5(单高磷酸) | ||||
砷(As) | +5 | H3AsO4(原砷酸)H2AsO4 -(一价原砷酸根)HAsO4 -2(二价原砷酸根)AsO4 -3(三价原砷酸根)AsO2 +(氧砷基) | +5/+7 | ||
+7 | AsO3 +(过氧砷基) | ||||
铋(Bi) | +3 | Bi+3(三价铋离子)BiOH+2(羟基铋)BiO+(氧铋基)BiO2 -(偏亚铋酸根) | +3/+3.5,+4,+5 | ||
+3.5 | Bi4O7(氧化铋) | ||||
+4 | Bi2O4(四氧化二铋) | ||||
+5 | BiO3 -(偏铋酸根)Bi2O5(五氧化二铋) |
族 | 亚族 | 元素 | 价态 | 物质 | 具体氧化还原偶 |
V | B | 钒(V)(亦参见POM复杂阴离子媒介物) | +5 | VO2 +(钒的)H3V2O7 -(焦钒酸根)H2VO4 -(原钒酸二氢根)VO3 -(偏钒酸根)HVO4 -2(原钒酸氢根)VO4 -3(原钒酸根)V2O5(五氧化二钒)H4V2O7(焦钒酸)HVO3(偏钒酸)H4V6O17(六钒酸) | +5/+7,+9 |
+7 | VO4 -(高钒酸根) | ||||
+9 | VO5 -(超钒酸根) | ||||
铌(Nb)(亦参见POM复杂阴离子媒介物) | +5 | NbO3 -(偏铌酸根)NbO4 -3(原铌酸根)Nb2O5(五氧化二铌)HNbO3(铌酸) | +5/+7 | ||
+7 | NbO4 -(高铌酸根)Nb2O7(七氧化二铌)HNbO4(高铌酸) | ||||
钽(Ta)(亦参见POM复杂阴离子媒介物) | +5 | TaO3 -(偏钽酸根)TaO4 -3(原钽酸根)Ta2O5(五氧化二钽)HTaO3(钽酸) | +5/+7 | ||
+7 | TaO4 -(高钽酸根)Ta2O7(七氧化二钽)HTaO4·H2O(高钽酸) | ||||
VI | A | 硫(S) | +6 | H2SO4(硫酸)HSO4 -(硫酸氢根)SO4 -2(硫酸根) | +6/+7,+8 |
+7 | S2O8 -2(二过硫酸根) | ||||
+8 | H2SO5(单过硫酸) | ||||
硒(Se) | +6 | H2Se2O4(硒酸)HSeO4 -(硒酸氢根)SeO4 -2(硒酸根) | +6/+7 | ||
+7 | H2Se2O8(过二硒酸) | ||||
碲(Te) | +6 | H2TeO4(碲酸)HTeO4 -(碲酸氢根)TeO4 -2(碲酸根) | +6/+7 | ||
+7 | H2Te2O8(过二碲酸) | ||||
钋(Po) | +2 | Po+2(二价钋的) | +2,+4/+6 | ||
+4 | PoO3 -2(钋酸根) | ||||
+6 | PoO3(过氧化钋) |
族 | 亚族 | 元素 | 价态 | 物质 | 具体氧化还原偶 |
VI | B | 铬(Cr) | +3 | Cr+3(三价铬的)CrOH+2,Cr(OH)2 +(铬酰基)CrO2 -,CrO3 -3(亚铬酸根)Cr2O3(三氧化二铬)Cr(OH)3(氢氧化三铬) | +3/+4,+6+4/+6 |
+4 | CrO2(二氧化铬)Cr(OH)4(氢氧化铬) | ||||
+6 | H2CrO4(铬酸)HCrO4 -(铬酸氢根)CrO4 -2(铬酸根)Cr2O7 -2(重铬酸根) | ||||
钼(Mo)(亦参见POM复杂阴离子媒介物) | +6 | HMoO4 -(钼酸氢根)MoO4 -2(钼酸根)MoO3(三氧化钼)H2MoO4(钼酸) | +6/+7 | ||
+7 | MoO4 -(高钼酸) | ||||
钨(W)(亦参见POM复杂阴离子媒介物) | +6 | WO4 -2(钨酸根)WO3(三氧化钨)H2WO4(钨酸) | +6/+8 | ||
+8 | WO5 -2(高钨酸根)H2WO5(高钨酸) | ||||
VII | A | 氯(Cl) | -1 | Cl-(氯离子) | -1/+1,+3,+5,+7+1/+3,+5,+7+3/+5,+7+5/+7 |
+1 | HClO(次氯酸)ClO-(次氯酸根) | ||||
+3 | HClO2(亚氯酸)ClO2 -(亚氯酸根) | ||||
+5 | HClO3(氯酸)ClO3 -(氯酸根) | ||||
+7 | HClO4(高氯酸)ClO4 -,HClO6 -2,ClO5 -3,Cl2O9 -4(高氯酸根) | ||||
溴(Br) | -1 | Br-(溴离子) | -1/+1,+3,+5,+7+1/+3,+5,+7+3/+5,+7+5/+7 | ||
+1 | HBrO(次溴酸)BrO-(次溴酸根) | ||||
+3 | HBrO2(亚溴酸)BrO2 -(亚溴酸根) | ||||
+5 | HBrO3(溴酸)BrO3 -(溴酸根) | ||||
+7 | HBrO4(高溴酸)BrO4 -,HBrO5 -2,BrO5 -3,Br2O9 -4(高溴酸根) | ||||
碘(I) | -1 | I-(碘离子) | -1/+1,+3,+5,+7+1/+3,+5,+7+3/+5,+7+5/+7 | ||
+1 | HIO(次碘酸)IO-(次碘酸根) | ||||
+3 | HIO2(亚碘酸)IO2 -(亚碘酸根) | ||||
+5 | HIO3(碘酸)IO3 -(碘酸根) | ||||
+7 | HIO4(高碘酸)IO4 -,HIO5 -2,IO5 -3,I2O9 -4(高碘酸根) |
族 | 亚族 | 元素 | 价态 | 物质 | 具体氧化还原偶 |
VII | B | 锰(Mn) | +2 | Mn+2(二价锰离子)HMnO2 -(亚锰酸氢根) | +2/+3,+4,+6,+7+3/+4,+6,+7+4/+6,+7+6/+7 |
+3 | Mn+3(三价锰离子) | ||||
+4 | MnO2(二氧化锰) | ||||
+6 | MnO4 -2(锰酸根) | ||||
+7 | MnO4 -(高锰酸根) | ||||
VIII | 第4周期 | 铁(Fe) | +2 | Fe+2(二价铁离子)HFeO2 -(亚铁酸氢根) | +2/+3,+4,+5,+6+3/+4,+5,+6+4/+5,+6+5/+6 |
+3 | Fe+3,FeOH+2,Fe(OH)2 +(三价铁)FeO2 -(铁酸根) | ||||
+4 | FeO+2(氧铁基)FeO2 -2(过铁酸根) | ||||
+5 | FeO2 +(过氧铁基) | ||||
+6 | FeO4 -2(高铁酸根) | ||||
钴(Co) | +2 | Co+2(二价钴离子)HCoO2 -(亚钴酸氢根) | +2/+3,+4+3/+4 | ||
+3 | Co+3(三价钴)Co2O3(三氧化二钴) | ||||
+4 | CoO2(过氧化钴)H2CoO3(钴酸) | ||||
镍(Ni) | +2 | Ni+2(二价镍离子)NiOH+HNiO2 -(亚镍酸氢根)NiO2 -2(亚镍酸根) | +2/+3,+4,+6+3/+4,+6+4/+6 | ||
+3 | Ni+3(三价镍离子)Ni2O3(三氧化二镍) | ||||
+4 | NiO2(过氧化镍) | ||||
+6 | NiO4 -2(镍酸根) | ||||
第5周期 | 钌(Ru) | +2 | Ru+2 | +2/+3,+4,+5,+6,+7,+8+3/+4,+5,+6,+7,+8+4/+5,+6,+7,+8+5/+6,+7,+8+6/+7,+8+7/+8 | |
+3 | Ru+3Ru2O3(三氧化二钌)Ru(OH)3(氢氧化钌) | ||||
+4 | Ru+4(四价钌离子)RuO2(二氧化钌)Ru(OH)4(氢氧化四钌) | ||||
+5 | Ru2O5(五氧化二钌) | ||||
+6 | RuO4 -2(钌酸根)RuO2 +2(氧钌基)RuO3(三氧化钌) | ||||
+7 | RuO4 -(高钌酸根) | ||||
+8 | H2RuO4(超钌酸)HRuO5 -(超钌酸氢根)RuO4(四氧化钌) |
族 | 亚族 | 元素 | 价态 | 种类 | 具体氧化还原偶 |
VIII | 第5周期 | 铑(Rh) | +1 | Rh+(一价铑离子) | +1/+2,+3,+4,+6+2/+3,+4,+6+3/+4,+6+4/+6 |
+2 | Rh+2(二价铑离子) | ||||
+3 | Rh+3(三价铑离子)Rh2O3(三氧化二铑) | ||||
+4 | RhO2(二氧化铑)Rh(OH)4(氢氧化铑) | ||||
+6 | RhO4 -2(铑酸根)RhO3(三氧化铑) | ||||
钯(Pd) | +2 | Pd+2(二价钯离子)PdO2 -2(亚钯酸根) | +2/+3,+4,+6+3/+4,+6+4/+6 | ||
+3 | PdO3(三氧化二钯) | ||||
+4 | PdO3 -2(钯酸根)PdO2(二氧化钯)Pd(OH)4(氢氧化钯) | ||||
+6 | PdO3(过氧化钯) | ||||
第6周期 | 铱(Ir) | +3 | Ir+3(三价铱离子)Ir2O3(三氧化二铱)Ir(OH)3(氢氧化铱) | +3/+4,+6+4/+6 | |
+4 | IrO2(二氧化铱)Ir(OH)4(氢氧化四铱) | ||||
+6 | IrO4 -2(铱酸根)IrO3(过氧化铱) | ||||
铂(Pt) | +2 | Pt+2(二价铂离子) | +2,+3/+4,+6+4/+6 | ||
+3 | Pt2O3(三氧化二铂) | ||||
+4 | PtO3 -2(铂酸根)PtO+2(铂酰离子)Pt(OH)+3PtO2(二氧化铂) | ||||
IIIB | 稀土类 | 铈(Ce) | +3 | Ce+3(三价铈离子)Ce2O3(三氧化二铈)Ce(OH)3(氢氧化铈) | +3/+4,+6+4/+6 |
+4 | Ce+4,Ce(OH)+3,Ce(OH)2 +2,Ce(OH)3 +(四价铈)CeO2(二氧化铈) | ||||
+6 | CeO3(过氧化铈) | ||||
镨(Pr) | +3 | Pr+3(三价镨离子)Pr2O3(三氧化二镨)Pr(OH)3(氢氧化镨) | +3/+4 | ||
+4 | Pr+4(四价镨离子)PrO2(二氧化镨) | ||||
钕(Nd) | +3 | Nd+3Nd2O3(三氧化二钕) | +3/+4 | ||
+4 | NdO2(过氧化钕) | ||||
铽(Tb) | +3 | Tb+3Tb2O3(三氧化二铽) | +3/+4 | ||
+4 | TbO2(过氧化铽) |
族 | 亚族 | 元素 | 价态 | 种类 | 具体氧化还原偶 |
IIIB | 锕系 | 钍(Th) | +4 | Th+4(钍离子)ThO+2(双氧钍离子)HThO3 -(钍酸根) | +4/+6 |
+6 | ThO3(三氧化钍) | ||||
铀(U) | +6 | UO2 +2(双氧铀离子)UO3(三氧化铀) | +6/+8 | ||
+8 | HUO5 -,UO5 -2(过铀酸根)UO4(过氧化铀) | ||||
镎(Np) | +5 | NpO2 +(次镎氧离子)Np2O5(五氧化镎) | +5/+6,+8+6/+8 | ||
+6 | NpO2 +2(镎氧离子)NpO3(三氧化镎) | ||||
+8 | NpO4(过氧化镎) | ||||
钚(Pu) | +3 | Pu+3(次钚离子) | +3/+4,+5,+6+4/+5,+6+5/+6 | ||
+4 | Pu+4(钚离子)PuO2(二氧化钚) | ||||
+5 | PuO2 +(次双氧钚根)Pu2O5(五氧化二钚) | ||||
+6 | PuO2 +2(双氧钚根)PuO3(过氧化钚) | ||||
镅(Am) | +3 | Am+3(次镅离子) | +3/+4,+5,+6+4/+5,+6+5/+6 | ||
+4 | Am+4(镅离子)AmO2(二氧化镅)Am(OH)4(氢氧化镅) | ||||
+5 | AmO2 +(次双氧镅离子)Am2O5(五氧化二镅) | ||||
+6 | AmO2 +2(双氧镅离子)AmO3(过氧化镅) |
族 | 亚族 | 元素 |
I | A | 锂(Li)、钠(Na)、钾(K)和铯(Cs) |
B | 铜(Cu)、银(Ag)和金(Au) | |
II | A | 铍(Be)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)和钡(Ba) |
B | 锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)和汞(Hg) | |
III | A | 硼(B)和铝(Al) |
B | 钪(Sc)和钇(Y)-(参见稀土金属) | |
IV | A | 碳(C)、硅(Si)、锗(Ge)、锡(Sn)和铅(Pb) |
B | 钛(Ti)、锆(Zr)和铪(Hf) | |
V | A | 氮(N)、磷(P)、砷(As)、锑(Sb)和铋(Bi) |
B | 钒(V)、铌(Nb)和钽(Ta) | |
VI | A | 硫(S)、硒(Se)和碲(Te) |
B | 铬(Cr)、钼(Mo)和钨(W) | |
VII | A | 氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)和碘(I) |
B | 锰(Mn)、锝(Tc)和铼(Re) | |
VIII | 第4周期 | 铁(Fe)、钴(Co)和镍(Ni) |
第5周期 | 钌(Ru)、铑(Rh)和钯(Pd) | |
第6周期 | 锇(Os)、铱(Ir)和铂(Pt) | |
IIIB | 稀土金属 | 所有元素 |
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- 2002-04-24 CN CNB028107780A patent/CN1236867C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-04-24 WO PCT/US2002/012795 patent/WO2002085793A1/en active Application Filing
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CN115522058A (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-12-27 | 郑州大学 | 一种去除含砷铜冶炼烟灰中砷的方法 |
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CN1236867C (zh) | 2006-01-18 |
US20030024879A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 |
AU2002258953B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
MXPA03009702A (es) | 2004-09-10 |
JP2005505398A (ja) | 2005-02-24 |
US7387719B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 |
WO2002085793A1 (en) | 2002-10-31 |
KR100892529B1 (ko) | 2009-04-10 |
KR20040012770A (ko) | 2004-02-11 |
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