CN1505653B - 新型改善的铁道枕木及其生产方法 - Google Patents
新型改善的铁道枕木及其生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1505653B CN1505653B CN028092422A CN02809242A CN1505653B CN 1505653 B CN1505653 B CN 1505653B CN 028092422 A CN028092422 A CN 028092422A CN 02809242 A CN02809242 A CN 02809242A CN 1505653 B CN1505653 B CN 1505653B
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- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
- B29C59/022—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing characterised by the disposition or the configuration, e.g. dimensions, of the embossments or the shaping tools therefor
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- B29B17/0042—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics by agglomeration or compacting for shaping parts, e.g. multilayered parts with at least one layer containing regenerated plastic
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Abstract
将热塑性聚合物、橡胶状聚合组分和增强填料混合,加热至380°F-440°F。然后将得到的混合物加入班伯里(Banbury)混合机(s10),得到的混合物加入供应两个模具(s17)的转向器(s16)。控制正在填充的每一个模具的活塞速度,从而控制铸模产品沿其长度的密度。当每一个模具被充满时,将其沉入冷却水浴(50°F-60°F)(s20),同时填充下一个模具。将这些模具依次转移到气冷轨道,从而完成该工艺。一般包括垂直于铸模产品纵轴的缺口的图案在铁道枕木和枕木下面的碎石之间提供摩擦表面。
Description
技术领域
一般来说,本发明涉及用热塑性材料制成的模制产品,具体来说,本发明涉及复合铁道枕木及其生产方法。更具体地说,本发明涉及在湿热环境中能够持久的新型改善的铁道枕木及该铁道枕木的生产方法。
背景技术
用热塑性材料生产铁道枕木是已知的,如授权于John C.Bayer的US5799870所述。
用砂子和再循环热塑性容器生产铁道枕木也是已知的,如授权于Charles W.Neefe的US5055350所述。
用再循环轮胎碎片生产铁道枕木也是已知的,如US5238734所述。
另外,用热塑性材料和热固性材料生产多孔弹性管是已知的,如授权于Henry W.Sullivan等人的US5366365所述。
用热塑性材料和粒状废料如汽车旧轮胎生产片状制品也是已知的,如授权于Rosetta C.Doan的US4970043和同样是授权于Rosetta C.Doan的US5733943所述。
另外,用聚合组分和用废弃轮胎得到的橡胶状聚合组分的组合物生产铁道枕木也是已知的,如授权于Henry W.Sullivan等人的US5886078所述。
另外,具有内滑动活塞的伸长圆柱模具的生产是已知的,滑动活塞使熔融塑料导入模具,从而可以生产其中嵌有管的伸长塑料体。
现有技术还包括授权于Floyd V.Hammer的US4824627和授权于JamesE.Turner的US4191522,这两篇专利涉及各种模制塑料产品和生产挤出产品的挤压机。
现有技术还包括授权于Floyd V.Hammer等人的US5507473;授权于James E.Turner的US4028288和授权于Jerome Campbell的US5951712。
在上述参考的现有技术中,即使不是全部,则也是大部分中使用的共同特征是在成品中使用碎橡胶产品,如旧汽车和卡车轮胎。
但是,这些现有技术无论是单个还是组合都没有提出解决生产可靠的铁道枕木的工艺中的问题的方法,也没有提出铁道枕木自身的组成。
具体来说,现有技术没有提供在铁道工业中生产和供应铁道枕木所必需的节约时间的方法或装置。
发明内容
因此,一般来说,本发明的首要目的是提供一种用热塑性材料生产的新型改善的铁道枕木,具体来说,提供新型改善的铁道枕木及其生产方法。
附图简述
参考图1,图1示出根据本发明生产的挤压铁道枕木的顶视图。
图2示出本发明使用的一个模具的示意图;
图3更详细地示出图2的模具,图3中还示出根据本发明能够使挤压材料从一个模具转向另一个模具的转向器(diverter);
图4示意性地示出根据本发明的原理设置在要填入挤压材料的两个模具之间的转向器的应用;
图5示意性地示出用于冷却挤压铁道枕木的冷却台,对挤压铁道枕木的冷却是本发明的工艺的一部分;
图6示出本发明的一个系统,该系统可用于混合成品中可发现的材料,还可用于为本发明的挤压系统供料;
图7、7a和8示出本发明工艺的流程图,这些流程图用于铸模、外部冷却和提取本发明的挤压铁道枕木;
图9、10和11示意性地示出可用于本发明的提取器组件,该组件能够使铁道枕木在冷水浴中冷却后从总组件中提取出来,然后移入本发明使用的空气冷却工艺;和
图12示出可以为本发明的产品刻花(texturing)的装置的正面视图。
具体实施方式
在所有视图中,类似的参考符号表示类似的部件。现在参考顶视图图1,本发明包括挤压物品9,例如一般长为8.5-9.0英尺的铁道枕木,其有侧面16、第一端12和第二端14。
在优选实施方案中,具有侧面16、第一端12和第二端14的挤压物品9由废塑料、橡胶状物质和强化材料构成,每一种材料都约占复合混合物的4-55%,这将在后面参考图6详述。
在图2中,模具20具有模具侧壁22、第一模端24、第二模端26、条杆外壳28、条杆30、活塞32、模具内表面34、延长的齿状板36、多个螺栓38、输入口40和外部入口42。
输入口40在第一模端24内。输入口40与图4所示的转向器阀76可释放地连接。图2中的活塞32固定在条杆30的一端上。活塞32可移动地密封模具内表面34。齿状板36延长条杆30的长度,并优选固定在条杆30的下表面上。条杆外壳28具有与固定在条杆30上的延长的齿状板36连接的外部入口42。
在模20的顶表面上或顶表面附近设置有一对附着(升高)手柄44,手柄44可以是很多种形式。例如,手柄44可以是U型,并且每一个手柄中的开孔可以与模具20的纵轴横向交叉,或者每一个手柄中的开孔可以与平行于模具20纵轴的直线同轴。当模具20中完全填满挤压材料时,一对起重单元(图中未示出)分别与手柄44连接,首先将模具20垂直提升如1-2英尺。然后水平移动起重单元,将模具20置于所需位置,例如,分别从每一个手柄44中释放每一个起重单元以将模具20放置在下面将要描述的冷水浴上面或置于其中。优选用气动压力从各个手柄44内移动每一个起重单元从而释放起重单元。
在图3中,用导向臂52将模具20定位在转向器50中,然后用模具锁56将其锁定在图4的第一站66的模具注射器54处。模具锁由气压缸62启动。当模具20充满时,条杆30启动开关64,使转向器50换向,使热塑性混合物流入位置1的第一个模具转向流入位置2的第二个同样的模具。填满模具20后,气动活塞58启动模具截止阀60。
在图2中,输入口40在第一模端24内。输入口40可密封地位于图3所示的模具注射器54处,活塞32固定在条杆30的一端上。活塞32可移动地密封模具内表面34。齿状板36延长条杆30的长度,并固定在条杆30的下表面上,条杆外壳28具有与固定在条杆30上的齿状板36连接的外部入口42。
图3示出模具20、条杆30、活塞32、齿状板36、齿状板入口42、转向器50、导向臂52、模具入口门53、模具注射器54、模具入口开/关56、气动活塞58、混合物溢流截止阀60、模具入口门启动单元62、传感器64、转向器站1(66)、转向器站2(68)、卡尺82、制动垫84、圆盘86、连杆88和位置与齿状板36啮合的齿轮90。
在图3中,模具20定位在站1(66)的转向器50中,用导向臂52辅助定位,然后用模具入口开/关56将其锁定在第一站66的模具注射器54处。当通过模具注射器54强制进入模具20的混合物填充模具20时,模具入口门53由模具入口门启动单元62启动。当活塞31被强制通过且沿模具20的长度行进时,混合物与图4所示的板31接触。当齿状板36与条杆30固定连接时,条杆30被迫移出模具20。齿轮90通过齿状板入口42与齿状板36接触。条杆30与齿状板36被强制经过与板36接触的齿轮90。强制齿轮90旋转。当齿轮90旋转时,与齿轮90固定连接的连杆88也被迫转动。当连杆88转动时,与连杆88固定连接的圆盘86也被迫转动。用卡尺82将阻止圆盘86转动的摩擦力通过制动垫84施加在圆盘86上。当模具20填满时,条杆30启动传感器64,使图4所示的换向器阀76换向,使热塑性混合物停止流入填充站1(66)的模具10,气动活塞58启动混合物溢流截止阀60后,混合物开始流入填充站2(68)的模具20。模具入口开/关56关闭模具入口门53。从填充站1(66)取出模具20。模具注射器54中溢流的混合物可以用混合物溢流截止阀60移出。
在操作齿轮90和齿状板36组件时,给定模具中材料的密度是变化的,或者通过控制包括紧靠圆盘86的制动垫84的制动机构使其恒定。当通过模具推动活塞32时,因为模具的有效长度增加,所以铸模材料的密度作为活塞32移动距离的函数而下降,这是在假定活塞32速度恒定的情况下。
如果需要均匀密度的模制产品,则以连续增速施加制动压连续降低活塞的速度。可以手工(用手或脚)制动,也可以用程控计算机和机械臂或杠杆结合进行制动。
同样,如果沿模制产品长度需要各种组合的密度,则变化制动压可以达到这一效果。仅举一例,铁道枕木可以沿其长度有均匀密度,产品也可以在其两端部分有较大的密度,而在中间部分有较小的密度,也可以仅通过用齿轮90和齿状板36控制制动顺序(braking sequence),如通过在圆盘86上应用制动垫84所确定的那样,来达到任意所需的组合。
在图4中,由图3中的开关64启动的换向阀76使流经管道78和流出模具注射器54的热塑性混合物从第一个站66转向第二个站68。
在图5中,冷却台100、台面110、支撑部件108、传送器102、大传送辊106、小传送辊112和台坡面104提供用于气冷挤压产品10的装置。
在图5中,台面110由支撑部件108支撑。台坡面104由与传送器102横穿冷却台100时的冷却台100的前一部分相关的垂直偏移(下部)的台面110的一部分形成。台坡面104的布置使得当物体经过冷却台100上方时,物体从一侧转到另一侧,即从台面110的一部分落到台面110的另一垂直偏移部分上。大传送辊106引导传送器102沿台面110行进,传送器102还由小传送辊112引导经过台坡面104。
现在参考图6,图6大体等量地示出本发明的一个系统200的视图,该系统用于为挤压模具混合和供给材料。
系统200包括由多个腿支撑在地板204上方的壳体202,这些腿可以包括两个腿206和208,也可以包括四个或更多个腿。壳体202包括底板210,工人可以在上面走动,以便于将起始材料加入孔212。
应当理解的是,本发明的优选实施方案对于制造本发明的铁道枕木的复合材料的要求是产品要能耐高温,耐高湿度,能够承受沿安装在该铁道枕木上的轨道上行进的铁轨重量。优选实施方案的复合铁道枕木具有下述组成:
下述组分的混合物:
约4%至约55%的热塑性聚合物,
约4%至约55%的橡胶状聚合组分;和
约4%至约55%的增强填料。
一种形成新产品的方法可以通过混和下述组分来完成:
约4%至约55%的热塑性聚合物,
约4%至约55%的橡胶状聚合组分;和
约4%至约55%的增强填料。
优选地是,热塑性聚合物包括至少一种选自基本上由下述物质组成的组中的材料:回收的聚烯烃、回收的水桶树脂(bucket resin)、回收的鼓树脂、致密膜、回收的杂货袋、电线涂料和回收的瓶树脂或它们的任意组合。
另外,橡胶状组分优选包括至少一种选自基本上由下述物质组成的组中的材料:碎橡胶、汽车毛(automotive fluff)、轮胎带毛(tire belt fluff)、地毯背衬、橡胶背衬和回收的线路板或它们的任意组合。
最后,增强填料优选包括至少一种选自下述物质的材料:碳黑、飞尘、云母、玻璃纤维、文石(arregonite)、粉碎的混凝土、砂石和粉碎的玻璃或它们的任意组合。
在组合时,每一种材料都占混合物的约4%-55%。另外,在组合时,热塑性聚合物和橡胶状组分至少占混合物的20%。
混合室(图中未示出)位于图6所示的壳体202内,用于接收通过开孔212的材料。混合室包括需要的辊、搅拌叶片、加热器等的各种组合,以保证材料的熔化和这些材料的混合。设计为排出混合室和壳体202的成品一般具有所需的温度范围,一般是380°F-440°F,优选405°F。应当意识到:利用压力和摩擦,可以将混合物温度保持在该所需范围内,但是,如果需要,还可以通过使用附加加热器保持温度。
当根据需要完全混合和加热这些材料时,活门(图中未示出)打开,大小和结构类似于一包干草的松散材料214掉到传送带216上,传送带如带和箭头所示向上是个斜坡。达到传送带216的顶端时,一批混合材料214通过开孔218堆存在壳体220中。
壳体220包括传统班伯里(Banbury)混合机。橡胶料在班伯里(Banbury)混合机中的混合和塑料在班伯里(Banbury)混合机中的混合是本领域普通技术人员熟知的。班伯里(Banbury)混合机以其发明人Banbury的名字命名。一般的班伯里(Banbury)混合机是大型内混机,类似于揉面机,两个转子在水冷室内以相反的方向和不同的速度旋转。各种化学物质和材料通过机器顶部的传送带加入班伯里(Banbury)混合机,从而混合一批物料。
在班伯里(Banbury)混合机中混合一批物料时,材料在转子之间、在班伯里(Banbury)混合机和转子壁之间被液压柱塞操作的箱盖挤压。虽然液压柱塞的压力产生的热和摩擦能够将混合材料的温度保持在所需的380°F-440°F范围内,但是可以根据需要在系统内添加一个或多个加热器。
一旦一批物料在位于壳体220内的班伯里(Banbury)混合机中混合后,混合机底部的门打开,使材料进入管道80和转向器76,图4也示出了这一点。
该文献中描述的班伯里(Banbury)混合机是以其发明人的名字命名的间隙式混合机,自1920年以来广泛用在大量生产的橡胶工业中。该混合机还可以接收塑料粉。其主要特征是一个密封的筒状室,其中,两个相反曲线轮廓的种子在水平轴上快速转动,首先捏合橡胶,然后有效掺混干燥成分。设置有蒸汽和水套。一批物料最高可达1000lb。入口处的柱塞在批料的顶端,为适当混合提供足够高的压力。在混合室下面设置水力操作的排料门。
尽管图6的系统可以使材料包214从混合系统200掉到其传送带216上,以将包214输送到壳体220内的班伯里(Banbury)混合机,但是也可以在壳体202的活门下方设置班伯里(Banbury)混合机,使包214掉入开孔218,这样就不需要传送带216。因此,对于本领域普通技术人员来说,阅读本申请的说明书及其附图后可以很明白该替代实施方案的系统200。
图7是示出铸模过程、外部冷却和提取混合物形成挤压产品的流程图。S10是热塑性聚合物、橡胶和增强剂组合和混合的混合步骤。通过压力和摩擦力进行的混合步骤能够将组合物加热到380°F-440°F,优选405°F。传送器将混合物从S10输送到S12。在S12中,混合物加入挤压机,将混合物进一步混合,并将混合物挤入模具。混合物从S12通过加热管道被挤入S14。S14是旁路阀,在所有非预测条件下混合物可通过该阀移出该工艺过程。混合物通过加热管道从S14流入S16。S16是转向器,其中有满模(full mold)传感器S17,用于检测填充站1或填充站2的模具是否已填满。当填充站1或2的模具填满时,转向器S16使阀关闭来自填充站1或2的满模的物流,使混合物流入相邻填充站的空模具。当模具填满时,将该模具从填充站1或2中取出,放入冷却浴S18,冷却浴优选保持约50°F至约60°F。在S22,模具从浴的一端送到另一端,转移时间至少是30分钟,使混合物的外部冷却,从而有利于混合物从模具中取出。在S24,将满模从冷却浴中取出。在S26,外部冷却的满模取出后送往站4的储存库。在S28,满模从站4的储存库取出送往站3的提取站。在S30提取站,模具上的门闩销从底部拔出,使气动门开关将模具上的门打开。当门打开时,压力施加在从模具后部延伸出来的条杆上,将活塞向模具内推进,这样将把形成挤压产品的外部冷却混合物部分推到模具外面。在S32,机械手将挤压产品抓住,从而完成了从模具移出的工序。在S34,气动门开关将模具门关闭,然后将门再次闩上。在S36,模具一直要保持到满模从填充站1或2移出以允许来自提取站的空模具进入空位置为止。在S40,挤压产品被送往冷却台。
图7a是示出发生在站1(66)和站2(68)的填充过程的流程图。在S50,将模具10置放在站1内,然后模具锁强迫模具贴紧注射器,在模具和注射器之间形成密封,同时外部开关将模具注射器(mold injector)口打开S52,然后转向器阀打开S54,使混合物流入模具S56,活塞完全向前贴紧模具门,使得只有一个小空间内充满混合物S58,在混合物开始强迫活塞离开模具门S60前,活塞推动和齿状板固定连接且随后和齿轮啮合的条杆S62,齿轮转动连杆和圆盘S64,圆盘被制动垫所限制,卡尺通过制动垫施加压力S66,根据操作者的需要,改变制动垫和圆盘的阻力可以使要铸模的挤压物品的密度发生变化或保持均匀S68。当混合物连续泵入模具,条杆连续被挤出模具时S70,直至条杆与传感器啮合S72,传感器向转向器发出信号S74,驱动阀门,使站1从打开状态转向关闭状态,使站2从关闭状态转向打开状态S76,所有上述用于站1的步骤在站2处重复进行S78,继续使站1的注射口开关关闭站1中模具上的入口S80,模具锁打开站1中的模具S82,模具传送装置从站1中取出模具,送往图7的冷却浴S84,启动溢流调整器,除去从站1取出模具时溢流的混合物S86,站1准备接收模具传送装置从提取站3移向站1的模具S88,所有步骤在站2进行重复。
图8是挤压物品进行气冷过程的流程图。在图8中,S100等同于图7中的S32。在S100,提取器抓住挤压物品。在S102,提取器在挤压物品上施加压力,从模具中取出挤压物品,提取器施加的压力越大,提取器的夹钳将挤压物品抓得越牢。在S104,提取器保持在后卫位置(full backposition)上,安装在提取台下面的气压缸使提取台沿长边向上挤压。提取台在其剩余的长边上转动,使挤压物品从提取台上下落到下面的冷却台上。在S106,提取器返回到前卫位置(full forward position),提取下一个挤压物品。在S108,传送带使挤压物品横穿冷却台移动,同时空气从台下面横穿挤压物品进行循环。在S110,挤压物品到达旋转站。每一个旋转站有预定的间隔。在S112,产品在短峭壁上传送,使得挤压物品从一侧落到下一侧时转动。挤压物品的转动能够使物品冷却时不会由于挤压物品的重量而翘曲。在S114,如果需要进一步旋转,传送带将物品从一个旋转站移动到下一个旋转站。在S116,传送带使物品从冷却台落到刻花台上。在S118,刻花传送带移动挤压物品,使之与辊接触。辊被流经的热流体加热。在S120,加热辊压挤挤压物品上的刻花表面,为挤压物品刻花。在S122,挤压物品从系统中取出。
在图9、10和11示出提取器组件。图9是示出安装在提取器台162周围的提取器160的提取器组件的侧视图,提取器台162在机头导轨174上。
气动气压缸164,使绕铰链166的提取器台的床168(图中未示出)倾斜,使挤压物品10滑向铰链166。挤压物品10再滑向床的侧壁,最终与侧门172接触,使侧门172绕铰链170旋转,使挤压物品9落到图5的冷却台上。图10是提取器组件的端视图。用导轨174和装配架192将提取器160安装在提取器台162上。装配架192允许提取器160沿提取器台162的长轴移动。固定在提取器160上的螺纹管件194可移动地固定在螺杆196上。当螺杆196旋转时,提取器160沿提取器台162的长轴移动。提取器夹钳188与臂184连接,反过来通过其中插入销钉182的狭缝180在与提取器组件160连接的销钉182上旋转。用气压缸186启动提取器夹钳188,使其与挤压物品9啮合或将其释放,使提取器夹钳188、提取器臂184和销钉182绕狭缝180旋转。图10是提取器组件的顶视图,示出提取器夹钳188、气压缸连接销190、气压缸186、提取器臂184、销钉182和狭缝180的关系。
现在参看图12,图12示出本发明另一个非常重要的特征。铁道枕木提供铁路轨道路面的一个关键部件,承载钢轨上火车轮带来的负荷,并把这些负荷横向分配给碎石和下面的地基。其中,作用于枕木的力量是在曲线周围或轨道的直线部分上左右摆动的火车产生的侧向或向心力。枕木必须能够利用相对于挤压在下面且在枕木周围的碎石的摩擦力耐受这些力量。
传统的木质枕木是柔软的,其表面足够粗糙,允许坚硬和边沿锋利的碎石有一些渗入。木材和石头之间造成的粘结能够抵抗使用(或者在铁道工业中用于测试摩擦力的“单轨推动试验”)时的位移,从而能够改善轨道结构的侧向强度。
钢轨是空心的,设计为沉落在碎石中,以达到同样的效果。混凝土枕木依赖其重量(与木质和复合枕木的重量比大于700磅比200-270磅)和外形来提高摩擦力。
在塑料和复合枕木的情况下,对侧向推动稳定性或摩擦力提高的要求更难以达到。在成型挤出(profile extruded)或连续铸模复合枕木的情况下,横截面是恒定的,该形成方法产生光滑表面。不可能产生垂直于(即,垂直于挤出或模具撤出方向)枕木长轴的凹槽或压痕。光滑的复合枕木不能提供足够的摩擦力,不能得到坚固和稳定的轨道结构,特别是在重负荷下面的曲线中。
当枕木在其组成中含有可感知量的热塑性或弹性材料时,但是,加热和加压可以将成品枕木改性,从而提供一个解决办法。可以在加热加压条件下压印图案将枕木底部和/或侧面刻花,将其熔化、变形成所需表面,然后将枕木的热塑性表面再次硬化。
压印的结构或图案优选应当具有某些性能,以与道渣系统形成有效的摩擦力。
a.至少1/8”深的缺口。
b.缺口应当提供垂直于枕木纵(长)轴的表面。
c.缺口应当至少1/4”宽且小于6”宽。
d.图案应当提供能够捕获单片碎石的角或孔。
e.缺口应当在横跨至少10%枕木表面上提供对压力的阻力。
可以用三种方法进行刻花;
1.在表面仍然柔软和可锻时冷轧或冷压枕木。
2.在足以使表面永久变形的温度下用加热辊将图案压入枕木。
3.在足以使表面永久变形的温度下用加热板将图案压入枕木。
一般来说,图12中包括挤压机120、上轧辊122、一对辊表面、辊支撑部件128、台132、传送器130、下轧辊134、加热流体入口136和台支撑部件126。
在图12中,台132支撑挤压物品10。台132上表面上的传送器130促进挤压物品10向上下轧辊122和134移动。热油通过热流体入口136、经由上轧辊122和下轧辊134循环,升高上轧辊122和下轧辊134的温度。上轧辊122和下轧辊134的相对取向是当挤压物品10经过两个轧辊之间时,这两个辊表面124能够将永久图案压入挤压物品10的表面。
因此,图12的装置能够达到使缺口垂直于一般是铁道枕木的物品的纵轴的目的。
如果需要,可以用一个轧辊替换一对轧辊122和134。还可以用一个或多个加热板(图中未示出)替换这一个轧辊或多个轧辊,以生成刻花的缺口。
Claims (30)
1.一种用作铁道枕木或其它结构部件的单独的模制部件,其具有恒定密度,并包括下述组分的混合物:
4%至55%的热塑性聚合物,
4%至55%的橡胶状聚合组分;
4%至55%的增强填料;和
其中,所述部件通过将所述混合物赶入单独的包括活塞和制动机构的模具而形成,并且其中通过以连续增速施加制动压连续降低活塞的速度从而在填充所述模具时控制所述恒定密度,所述制动机构是包括紧靠圆盘的制动垫的制动机构。
2.根据权利要求1的部件,其中所述密度通过所述制动机构和所述活塞进行控制,其中所述制动机构通过由所述制动垫施加压力控制所述活塞的速度。
3.权利要求1的部件,其中所述密度通过所述活塞进行计算机控制,其中所述计算机为控制所述活塞运动的程控计算机。
4.权利要求1的部件,其具有预定长度并且其中所述的密度沿着所述部件的所述长度是恒定的。
5.权利要求1的部件,具有至少一个刻花表面。
6.权利要求5的部件,其中所述部件是具有带缺口的刻花表面的枕木,所述缺口提供与枕木的纵轴垂直的表面。
7.权利要求5的部件,其中所述至少一个刻花表面包括至少1/8英寸深的缺口。
8.权利要求5的部件,其中所述部件是具有带至少1/4”宽但窄于6”的缺口的刻花表面的枕木。
9.权利要求5的部件,其中所述部件是具有带缺口刻花表面且其中图案提供角落或缺口以捕获和留持碎石的枕木。
10.权利要求5的部件,其中所述部件通过如下方式进行刻花:加热加压使所述部件的侧表面熔融和变形从而应用压花图案。
11.一种用于形成具有恒定密度的用作铁道枕木、锯材或其它结构部件的模制部件的方法,其包括下述步骤:
将包括下述组分的材料混合:
4%至55%的热塑性聚合物,
4%至55%的橡胶状聚合组分;和
4%至55%的增强填料;
将所述混合物注入至少有一侧壁的模具,所述模具包含活塞和制动机构,所述制动机构是包括紧靠圆盘的制动垫的制动机构,所述混合物沿着所述侧壁至少部分填充所述模具,使得所述混合物有至少一个侧表面、和内部部分;
通过以连续增速施加制动压连续降低活塞的速度从而在填充所述模具时控制所述混合物的密度;
将所述混合物冷却,使所述至少一个侧表面至少部分硬化,从而至少部分形成部件;
在基本上硬化所述混合物的所述内部部分之前从所述模具中取出所述部件;
将所述部件放在冷却设备内或周围;和
绕所述冷却设备旋转所述部件,由此至少基本上硬化所述内部。
12.根据权利要求11的方法,其中,所述热塑性聚合物包括至少一种选自下述物质的材料:回收的聚烯烃、回收的水桶用树脂、回收的鼓用树脂、密实膜、回收的杂货用袋、电线用涂料和回收的瓶用树脂或它们的任意组合。
13.根据权利要求11的方法,其中,所述橡胶状组分包括至少一种选自下述物质的材料:碎橡胶、汽车毛、轮胎带毛、地毯背衬、橡胶背衬和回收的线路板或它们的任意组合。
14.根据权利要求11的方法,其中,所述增强填料包括至少一种选自下述物质的材料:碳黑、飞尘、云母、玻璃纤维、文石、粉碎的混凝土、砂石和粉碎的玻璃或它们的任意组合。
15.根据权利要求11的方法,其中,所述混合物被所述混合的摩擦热和/或压缩热加热。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其中所述混合物被加热到400华氏温度到420华氏温度。
17.根据权利要求11的方法,其中所述混合物通过外部热源被至少部分加热。
18.根据权利要求17的方法,其中,所述部分被加热到380华氏温度到440华氏温度。
19.根据权利要求11的方法,其中,还包括使用班伯里混合机混合所述部分的步骤。
20.根据权利要求11的方法,还包括使用转向器阀将所述混合物加入所述模具中的步骤。
21.根据权利要求20的方法,还包括使用位于班伯里混合机和所述阀门之间的挤出机运送所述混合物到所述阀门的步骤。
22.根据权利要求11的方法,其中至少一个所述制动机构用于通过由所述制动垫施加压力控制所述活塞的速度来控制所述密度。
23.根据权利要求22的方法,其中所述旋转防止所述部件在冷却过程中翘曲。
24.权利要求11的方法,还包括使用两个模具和一次填充至少一个模具的步骤。
25.权利要求24的方法,还包括使用第一个转向器站和第二个转向器站以一次填充至少一个模具的步骤。
26.权利要求25的方法,还包括如下步骤:将所述部件在所述内部部分被硬化前从所述模具中移出。
27.权利要求11的方法,还包括在填充模具后将模具关闭的步骤。
28.权利要求27的方法,还包括在冷却过程中将被关闭的模具放在水浴中的步骤。
29.权利要求11的方法,还包括如下步骤:
将所述部件的至少一个表面刻花。
30.权利要求29的方法,其中所述部件通过如下方式进行刻花:在加热加压下应用刻花图案以熔融和变形所述部件的所述侧表面。
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- 2002-03-05 CA CA 2440117 patent/CA2440117C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-03-05 AU AU2002247256A patent/AU2002247256B2/en not_active Expired
- 2002-03-05 BR BRPI0207976-3B1A patent/BR0207976B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2002-03-05 AT AT02715035T patent/ATE534707T1/de active
- 2002-03-05 CN CN028092422A patent/CN1505653B/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-03-05 EP EP20020715035 patent/EP1377632B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2004
- 2004-03-25 US US10/808,955 patent/US7195473B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-07-27 US US10/900,165 patent/US7714056B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR0207976A (pt) | 2004-08-24 |
CA2440117C (en) | 2011-12-06 |
EP1377632A4 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
CA2440117A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
US6828372B2 (en) | 2004-12-07 |
WO2002070596A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 |
US7714056B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
EP1377632A1 (en) | 2004-01-07 |
MXPA03008060A (es) | 2004-10-15 |
US7195473B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 |
ATE534707T1 (de) | 2011-12-15 |
CN1505653A (zh) | 2004-06-16 |
US20050065267A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 |
EP1377632B1 (en) | 2011-11-23 |
US20040175452A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
AU2002247256B2 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
US20020123553A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
BR0207976B1 (pt) | 2014-10-21 |
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