Background technology
At present, cane harvester mainly contains whole rod-type harvesting and cutting type harvesting from harvesting approach.Ground such as America and Europe and Australia is based on the cutting type harvesting, in Southeast Asia and China then based on whole rod-type harvesting.The characteristics of whole rod-type grain header are, type is less, and used power is also less, generally below 100 horsepowers; Simple in structure, low price, easy to operate, can be fit to large and small plot; Sugarcane storage period after the results, is longer, generally about 7-10 days.And the characteristics of cutting type grain header are, type is huge, and required drive is bigger, generally more than 150 horsepowers; Complex structure, automaticity are higher, cost an arm and a leg, generally more than 1,500,000 RMB; Harvested sugarcane storage period weak point must be sent into sugar refinery and press sugar in 24 hours, otherwise sugarcane is easily turned sour, goes bad; Be generally self-propelled type, be suitable for the operation of bulk field.China develops the cane harvester tool since nineteen seventies.Liuzhou steel ring factory developed a kind of whole rod-type cane harvester, belonged to front-mounted type, because the problems such as yield, perennial root breakage rate height of leaking are difficult to solve, did not see and applied.97120914.6 number Chinese patent application discloses a kind of semi-feed sugar-cane combine harvester, its cardinal principle is to utilize sugar cane supporter that the sugarcane that lodges is set upright, cutter cuts off sugarcane, enters leaf-peeling mechanism subsequently and shells leaf, and last sugarcane is placed in the Material collecting box for harvesting that places the tractor rear portion stacks.This machine has following shortcoming: when 1, being installed on the tractor because of this machine, change to tractor is bigger, center of gravity will improve about 400-500mm, make the tractor center of gravity too high, less stable, and tractor can not be connected with machines such as other farm machinery such as plough, sower, rotovators, and versatility is bad; Need certain deceleration during 2, owing to the stripping leaf,, blockage problem takes place easily so sugarcane is elongated by the time of leave stripping roller; 3, for the sugarcane of serious lodging, it is higher to leak yield; 4, the perennial root breakage rate is higher.
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of combined whole-rod sugarcane cropper is provided, with the smoothness that improves its conveying and the versatility of supporting tractor.
The present invention realizes like this, combined whole-rod sugarcane cropper, it has the spiral sugar cane supporter, left side cutter, right cutter, described spiral sugar cane supporter, left side cutter, right cutter is installed on the taiwan cut off and landing device, it is positioned at anterior horizontal going up in addition and helps conveying plant, horizontal support conveying plant down, be positioned at vertical clamping convey device of a side, vertically help conveying plant, on horizontal, help on the conveying plant, having band to dial the chain that refers to is installed on the sprocket wheel at two ends, having band to dial the chain that refers on horizontal support conveying plant down is installed on the sprocket wheel at two ends, on vertical clamping convey device, two groups of clamping chains are installed in respectively on two sprocket wheels, vertically helping on the conveying plant, band is dialled the support chain that refers to and is installed on the sprocket wheel at two ends, more than device is installed on the frame and with power drive system and links together, be installed on the material-gathering device at frame rear portion, left hopper is arranged, right hopper, on the axle of a left side hopper sprocket wheel is installed, chain is installed on the sprocket wheel on this sprocket wheel and the reverse box power shaft, right hopper is installed on the output shaft of reverse box, also has the cross block plate on the output shaft of reverse box, and cross block plate one side has alignment pin.
Adopt the sugarcane combine of said structure, the sugarcane after cutting off carries out horizontal and vertical conveying under erectility, carries smoothness, is difficult for stopping up, and whole grain header hangs and is connected on the tractor, can realize a tractor serves several purposes of tractor.When not gathering in sugarcane, can be used for other operations such as deep ploughing, plantation, transportation, versatility is good.Material-gathering device can be collected and automatic discharging when collecting constant weight sugarcane, and is very easy to use.Simple in structure, production cost is low, and price only is the 10-15% of external like product.The harvesting efficiency height per hour can gather in about 2.5 mu, about 10-12 ton, and the harvesting line-spacing can be suitable for the level land and be not more than 15 ° hillside operation more than 900mm.
Embodiment
The embodiment that provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing illustrates concrete structure of the present invention and operation principle.
As shown in drawings, the present invention's combined whole-rod sugarcane cropper, it has spiral sugar cane supporter (24), left side cutter (48), right cutter (47), described spiral sugar cane supporter (24), left side cutter (48), right cutter (47) is installed on the taiwan cut off and landing device, it is positioned at anterior horizontal going up in addition and helps conveying plant, horizontal support conveying plant down, be positioned at vertical clamping convey device of a side, vertically help conveying plant, on horizontal, help on the conveying plant, there is band to dial the sprocket wheel (52) that the chain (54) that refers to is installed in two ends, on the sprocket wheel (20), on horizontal support conveying plant down, there is band to dial the sprocket wheel (41) that the chain (42) that refers to is installed in two ends, on the sprocket wheel (43), on vertical clamping convey device, two groups of clamping chains (17) are installed in sprocket wheel (10) respectively, on the sprocket wheel (40), vertically helping on the conveying plant, band is dialled the support chain (18) that refers to and is installed on the sprocket wheel (19) and upper sprocket wheel (12) at two ends, more than device is installed on the frame and with power drive system and links together, be installed on the material-gathering device (13) at frame rear portion, left hopper (13a) is arranged, right hopper (13b), on the axle of a left side hopper sprocket wheel (13f) is installed, chain (13g) is installed on the sprocket wheel (13d) on sprocket wheel (13f) and reverse box (13m) power shaft, right hopper is installed on the output shaft of reverse box, also have cross block plate (13h) on the output shaft of reverse box, cross block plate one side has alignment pin (13j).The spiral sugar cane supporter is set upright the sugarcane of lodging, after by left cutter (48), right cutter (47) sugarcane being cut off, be installed on the spiral sugar cane supporter and the left and right group of sugarcane roller (23) that under the spiral sugar cane supporter drives, rotates, with the acting in conjunction of spiral sugar cane supporter, sugarcane is uprightly fed in the ceding of Taiwan (30), help on horizontal band on the conveying plant to dial under the acting in conjunction of the chain (54) of finger, chain (42) that the band on the horizontal support conveying plant is down dialled finger, sugarcane is laterally uprightly carried to the right.When sugarcane arrives the corner of vertical, horizontal, vertically the two groups of clamping chains (17) on the clamping convey device are clamped sugarcane and are carried out vertically uprightly carrying, simultaneously, band on vertical support conveying plant is dialled the support chain (18) of finger sugarcane is set upright, clamping chain, support chain are carried sugarcane jointly backward, when delivering to the end of clamping chain, the clamping chain unclamps sugarcane, the following clan of sugarcane is to material-gathering device, move backward in the top of helping chain (18) and another to help chain (14) to continue to buttress sugarcane, sugarcane is fallen in the material-gathering device obliquely.After the sugarcane of collecting in the material-gathering device reached constant weight, 90 ° of left and right hopper reverse rotations simultaneously were stacked into sugarcane on the ground.
On described vertical clamping convey device, be fixed with woven belt (55) on the clamping chain (17), on the stock (58) between sprocket wheel (10) and the sprocket wheel (40), floating spring (56) is installed, sprocket wheel tension mechanism (57) is installed on another stock, on the sprocket wheel tension mechanism, screw rod (57c) top is equipped with nut (57a), screw rod is hinged by bearing pin (57d) and rotor (57e), have strong market potential in the rotor (57f), tensioner sprocket wheel (57g) also is installed on the rotor.Woven belt can be clamped the sugarcane flexibility and be unlikely to damage sugarcane.By adjusting floating spring (56), adjustable clamp is held the size of chain ends opening, to regulate the tensioner degree of clamping chain; By rotating nut (57a), the size of spring (57b) expanding force on the adjusting screw(rod) (57c), rotor (57e) is turned an angle around have strong market potential (57f), make the certain angle of tensioner sprocket wheel (57g) swing that is fixed on the rotor, also adjustable clamp is held the tensioner degree of chain, to meet the requirements of expanding force, make sugarcane smoothly by and unlikelyly crush or clip broken sugarcane.
On described taiwan cut off and landing device, the hydraulic cylinder (21) that is installed on the portal frame (16) is arranged, hydraulic cylinder and sleeve (32) are hinged, and the leading screw (22) in the sleeve is hinged in the ceding of Taiwan (30), and pivoted arm (28) one ends are hinged in the ceding of Taiwan, the other end is hinged on the portal frame.Hydraulic cylinder drives sleeve (32), leading screw (22), the ceding of Taiwan (30), pivoted arm (28) motion, realizes the lifting of the ceding of Taiwan.Regulate leading screw length, can change the angle of inclination of cutter, adapt to the different high operations in ridge.Sleeve, leading screw, the ceding of Taiwan, pivoted arm are formed a quadric chain, constitute hydraulic power transmission system.
On described material-gathering device (13), also has the discharging weight adjustment mechanism, on the discharging weight adjustment mechanism, the alignment pin (13j) that is positioned at cross block plate one side has spring (13k) outward, spring has adjustment screw (13n) outward, prevents the ratchet mechanism (13e) of left and right hopper reversing on the axle of left hopper in addition.Rotate and adjust screw, regulate the expanding force of adjusting spring (13k), thereby regulate the stop strength of alignment pin (13j), can adjust the sugarcane weight that makes left and right hopper open, carry out discharging cross block plate (13h).The structure of ratchet mechanism, operation principle are identical with existing general ratchet device.Sideboard (13c) can also be arranged below left and right hopper, drop down onto on the ground from the gap between the left and right hopper to prevent sugarcane.
Frame is made up of portal frame (16), the fore-stock (31) that is fixed on the portal frame front portion, the after-poppet (1) that is fixed on the portal frame rear portion, and whole cutting machine is fixed on the tractor (51) by frame.Fore-stock, portal frame, after-poppet are separately fixed at the front portion of tractor, a side and the rear portion at middle part, and can dismantle easily, make tractor finish different operations.On the portal frame below the clamping chain, be fixed with deflector chute (33), can prevent that sugarcane from vertically dropping on the ground in the course of conveying.Between the front end of deflector chute and the ceding of Taiwan, rebound (44) is arranged, lateral transfer to the sugarcane in the clamping chain process can be held.Can link to each other by a torsion spring between deflector chute and the rebound, like this, when the harvesting height of the ceding of Taiwan changed, the angled conveyor of rebound can corresponding thereupon adjustment.
On power drive system of the present invention, be connected with universal drive shaft (3) on the rear output shaft (2) of tractor (51), the power shaft of gearbox (4) and universal drive shaft (3) link together, sprocket wheel (5) is installed on the output shaft, sprocket wheel (5) links together by the sprocket wheel (7) on chain (6) and commutation gearbox (8) power shaft, the commutation output shaft of gear-box has two, the lower end that connects two universal drive shafts (9) respectively, the upper end of two universal drive shafts (9) is connected with two sprocket wheels (10) respectively, be separately installed with two clamping chains (17) on two sprocket wheels (40) on two sprocket wheels (10) and the fore-stock, two universal drive shafts (9) drive two clamping chain movements respectively, finish the work of vertical clamping convey device.One of them (left side) universal drive shaft (9) also is connected with the lower end of universal drive shaft (11), the upper end of universal drive shaft (11) is equipped with upper sprocket wheel (12), upper sprocket wheel (12) helps chain (18), universal drive shaft (11) to drive the work of helping chain movement to finish vertical support conveying plant with being installed in to be equipped with on the sprocket wheel (19) of portal frame front portion.Upper sprocket wheel (12) has another to help chain (14) with being installed on the sprocket wheel (15) on the portal frame, help that chain (18) is terminal helps chain acting in conjunction with another, finishes the clamping chain sugarcane is unclamped the continuation support work of back to sugarcane.Vertically on the sprocket wheel of installing on sprocket wheel (52) on the support conveying plant and the fore-stock (20) chain (54) is arranged, sprocket wheel (52) drives chain (54) motion, finishes horizontal work of going up the support conveying plant.Sprocket wheel (20) is connected with the upper end of universal drive shaft (53), universal drive shaft (53) following terminates at left cut and cuts on the power shaft of gearbox (50), the output shaft that gearbox is cut in left cut has two, output shaft is left cutter axis (49) longitudinally, a left side is cut left cutter (48) is installed on the axle, left side cutter axis drives left cutter and rotates, and finishes the cutting of left cutter to sugarcane.Left cut is cut on the horizontal output shaft of gearbox belt pulley (29) is installed, on the belt pulley (26) on the anterior gearbox of installing (25) of the belt pulley (29) and the ceding of Taiwan belt (27) is arranged, the spiral sugar cane supporter (24) in left side is installed on the output shaft of gearbox (25), the spiral sugar cane supporter (24) that the output shaft of gearbox (25) drives the left side rotates, finish to the sugarcane of lodging set upright and with the feeding work of the sugarcane cut off to the ceding of Taiwan.On the clamping sprocket wheel (40) in left side sprocket wheel (41) is installed also, sprocket wheel (41) is equipped with chain (42) with being installed on another sprocket wheel (43) on the fore-stock, and sprocket wheel (41) drives chain (42) motion, finishes the horizontal work of support conveying plant down.The clamping sprocket wheel (40) on right side is connected by the lower end of sprocket wheel installing rack (39) with universal drive shaft (37), the upper end of universal drive shaft (37) is equipped with sprocket wheel (36), on the sprocket wheel (34) on sprocket wheel (36) and the portal frame chain (35) is arranged, sprocket wheel (34) is connected with the upper end of universal drive shaft (38), the lower end of universal drive shaft (38) is connected with the power shaft that gearbox (45) is cut in right cut, the vertical output shaft that gearbox is cut in right cut is right cutter axis (46), on the right cutter axis right cutter (47) is installed, right cutter axis drives right cutter and rotates, and finishes the cutting of right cutter to sugarcane.Right cut is cut on the horizontal output shaft on the gearbox belt pulley is installed, on the belt pulley on the anterior gearbox power shaft of installing of this belt pulley and the ceding of Taiwan belt is arranged, the spiral sugar cane supporter on right side is installed on the output shaft of gear-box, the spiral sugar cane supporter that the output shaft of gearbox drives the right side rotates, finish to the sugarcane of lodging set upright and with the work of the sugarcane cut off to ceding of Taiwan feeding.It is the rotation of the clamping sprocket wheel (40) on right side, just reach right cut through universal drive shaft (37), sprocket wheel (36), chain (35), sprocket wheel (34), universal drive shaft (38) and cut gearbox (45), the spiral sugar cane supporter work that gearbox (45) drives right cutter more respectively and drives the right side through belt pulley is cut in right cut.
Like this, clamping chain (17), help chain (18), chain (54), sprocket wheel (54) wait finish vertical clamping carry, vertically help carry, horizontal in the work such as support conveying, also play powerdriven effect.