CN1468364A - 煤炼焦的方法和设备 - Google Patents

煤炼焦的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN1468364A
CN1468364A CNA018168566A CN01816856A CN1468364A CN 1468364 A CN1468364 A CN 1468364A CN A018168566 A CNA018168566 A CN A018168566A CN 01816856 A CN01816856 A CN 01816856A CN 1468364 A CN1468364 A CN 1468364A
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迈克尔·P·巴克多尔
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Sangkeke energy Limited by Share Ltd.
Sangkeke technology and Development Co.,Ltd.
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10B45/02Devices for producing compact unified coal charges outside the oven
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B31/00Charging devices
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    • C10B31/08Charging devices for charging horizontally coke ovens with horizontal chambers
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B31/00Charging devices
    • C10B31/06Charging devices for charging horizontally
    • C10B31/08Charging devices for charging horizontally coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C10B31/10Charging devices for charging horizontally coke ovens with horizontal chambers with one compact charge

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Abstract

本发明提供一种焦炭炉装煤机,包括一可活动的框架和一在可活动框架上的焦炭炉给进装置。焦炭炉给进装置包括一活动的狭长装煤板,它具有一第一端部和一第二端部、靠近装煤板的可收进的各侧面壁板、靠近装煤板第一和第二端部的第一和第二端部壁板和一靠近装煤板第一端部用于跨过装煤板第一端部与一炉子入口之间的区域的往复段。此往复段具有对置的两往复侧面壁板和一往复端部壁板。一装煤板推动装置设置得用于推动装煤板推出入炉子。装煤机设备提供可以一次压实煤的装填量快速装填焦炭炉的手段,以致低质煤可以用以制造冶金焦炭。

Description

煤炼焦的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用煤制作焦炭的方法和设备,而具体地涉及一种用于压实煤和给送煤到一非回收式炼焦炉的方法和设备。
背景技术
焦炭是一种固态碳燃料和碳源,用以在钢的生产中熔化和还原铁矿石。在一种制铁过程中,铁矿石、焦碳、热空气和石灰石或其他一些助熔剂被给进一鼓风炉。热空气导致焦炭燃烧,提供热量和碳源用于把氧化铁还原为铁。石灰石或其他各助熔剂可以添加以便与之反应并从熔铁中除去称作炉渣的各种酸性杂质。石灰石一杂质飘浮到熔铁的顶部而被撇去。
在一种称作“汤姆逊炼焦法”的过程中,用于精炼金属矿石的焦炭是通过批量给进粉煤到在严密控制的各种常压条件下密封和加热到很高温度达24到48小时的一台炉子而生产出来的。各种炼焦炉已经用了许多年来把煤转换为冶金焦炭。在炼焦过程期间,细碎的煤在各受控温度条件被加热以使煤脱除挥发性并形成具有预定孔隙度和强度的熔融团块。由于焦炭生产是一种批量生产,同时要运作多台焦炭炉,所以此后称作一“焦炭炉组”。
在炼焦循环的末尾,制成的焦炭从炉中清除并用水淬冷。冷却后的焦炭可予以筛选并装载到用于装运的铁路车辆或卡车上或供今后使用,或者被直接运送给一熔铁炉。
加热期间煤粒经受的熔化和融合过程是炼焦过程的最重要部分。煤粒熔化到和吸收到融熔团块里面的程度决定了所生产的焦炭的特性。为了用某种特定的煤或煤混合物生产出最坚固的焦炭,煤中的反应物对惰性物存在一个最佳比值。焦炭的孔隙度和强度对于矿石精炼过程是很重要的并由煤源和/或炼焦方法确定。
煤粒或煤粒混合按照预定进程被装填到灼热炉子中去,而煤在炉子里被加热一预定时段以便从最终的焦炭中除去挥发物。炼焦过程高度取决于炉子设计、煤的类型和所用的转换温度。炼焦过程期间炉子可以调节,以致煤的每次装填量是在大致上同样多的时间内炼出焦炭的。一当煤炼成焦炭,焦炭即从炉中被清除并用水淬冷以将其冷却到其引燃温度以下。淬冷作业也必须仔细控制,以致焦炭不吸进太多的湖气。一当被淬冷,焦炭就经过筛选并被装载到用于装运的铁路车辆或卡车里面。
由于煤被给进到灼热炉子里面,多数给煤过程是自动的。在槽缝式炉子中,煤一般是经由炉子顶部上的槽缝或孔口装填的。这种炉子趋向于高而窄。较近时期,非回收或热回收式炉子一直用以生产焦炭。这种炉子说明在比如Tompson的美国专利第3784034号和第4067462号之中。传送带用以把煤粒传送到炉子里面并把煤摊手在炉子中。
作为适合于制作冶金焦炭的煤源已经减少,所以企图把弱煤或非炼焦煤与炼焦煤混合起来以便为炉子提供适当以煤装填量。一种企图是利用压实煤。煤可以在它处在炉中之前或以后予以压实。虽然传送带适合于用随后在炉中予以压实的颗粒状煤来装填炉子,但一般不适合于用预压实的煤装填炉子。因此需要一种用于用预压实的煤装填炼焦炉的方法和设备。还需要一种用于在较短时段内压实煤的设备,以便降低用于制作冶金焦炭的劳力和生产成本。
发明内容
按照上述需要,本发明提供一种经过改进的焦炭炉装煤装置和方法,用于把压实煤装填于一炼焦炉,炼焦炉具有一废气管道加热式炉子底板;基本上平行的各铅直侧面壁板;一推出器门,靠近一炉子入口;一出焦门,靠近一炉子出口;以及一拱形的基本上封闭的炉顶。按照此本法,一焦炭炉推出和装煤机在炉子推出器门附近活动。焦炭炉推出和装煤机包括一活动的狭长装煤板,具有一第一端部和一第二端部;可收进的各侧面壁板,接近装煤板;一第一端部壁板,接近装煤板的第二端部;一装煤板推动装置,用于推动装煤板进出炉子;以及一活动的单元单独引煤段,接近装煤板的第一端部用于跨过装煤板第一端部与炉子入口之间的区域。引煤段包括一底部壁板、装接于底部壁板的对置的两固定侧面壁板和非对于底部壁板和两固定侧面壁板可移动的对置的第二和第三端部壁板。
颗粒状煤被给进于各侧面壁板与引煤段第二端部壁板之间的装煤板和给进于第二与第三端部壁板之间的引煤段以形成第一和第三煤层。第一煤层中的煤在可收进的各侧面壁板与第一和第二端部壁板之间予以压实。推出器门从炼焦炉入口挪开而出焦门从炉子出口挪开。焦炭被推出炼焦炉而进入一热焦车辆。
一部分引煤段被送入炉子入口,以便跨进炉子入口与装煤板之间的一段距离。第二和第三端部壁板从引煤段的底部壁板收进,以便把未压实煤积放在至少一部分炉子之内。可收进的各侧面壁板从装煤板上的压实煤收进。装有压实煤的装煤板被推入炉子超过引煤段,同时推动在压实煤前面的未压实煤,以致未压实煤形成一层在加热的炉子底板与装煤板之间的基本上未压实的煤。第二和第三端部壁板重新设置在装煤板附近而装煤板从炉子收进,同时利用第三端部壁板把压实煤挡持在炉子之内。最后,引煤段从炉子入口撤出而推出器门重新装接于炉子。
在另一方案中,本发明提供了一种焦炭炉装煤机,包括一可动的框架和在可动框架上的一焦炭炉给进装置。焦炭炉给进装置包括一活动的狭长装煤板,具有一第一端部和一第二端部;可收进的各侧面壁板靠近装煤板;第一和第二壁板,靠近装煤板的第一和第二壁板;以及一往复段,靠近装煤板的第一端部用于跨过装煤板第一端部与一炉子入口之间的区域。往复段具有对置的两往复侧面壁板和一往复端部壁板。一装煤板推动装置设置得用于推动装煤板进出炉子。
在又一方案中,本发明提供一种用于把煤装填到一炼焦炉的方法。此方法包括以下各步骤:形成一层压实煤在一第一装煤板上和一层未压实煤在一第二装煤板上。第一装煤板位于炉子外面靠近一炉子入口,而第二装煤板位于第一装煤板与炉子入口之间并在铅直方向上居于第一装煤板下方,以致第一装煤板可以被推动而越过第二装煤板。一部分第二装煤板被推入炉子入口以便把未压实煤积放在炉子入口附近和部分地在炉子之内。第一装煤板经由入口被送入炉子并盖住第二装煤板以置放压实煤在炉子之内,从而第一装煤板和压实煤的部分随着第一装煤板进入炉子而接触未压实煤的各部分,在第一装煤板前面和下面把未压实煤推入炉子。第一装煤板然后经由炉子入口从炉子撤出而第二装煤板也从炉子入口撤出以便在炉子之内形成一最终的煤层,即一覆盖着未压实煤的压实煤层。
上述的方法和设备提供了关于炼焦作业的一些独特的优点,包括在炉子装填设备的灼热炉子底板与装煤板之间设置隔绝物以便减少由于热量造成的装煤板的翘曲。装煤板由松散煤层和压实煤遮挡来自炉子底板和各壁板的辐射热量而不接触灼热的炉子底板。另一优点是,煤基本上均匀地散布在炉子内而不需要在炉子内摊平煤料。炉子底板的任何不平整也将由松散煤层予以补偿。松散煤层同样可降低装煤板与炉子底板之间的滑动摩擦,从而减少在装煤板和炉子底板上的磨损。
附图说明
本发明的其他优点,通过参照结合一些不成比例的图纸予以考虑的各优选实施例的详细说明,将变得明显可见,图纸中相同的参照字符遍及以下基于图纸都表示相同或类似的构件:
图1是符合本发明的一种装填机的总体平面视图;
图2是符合本发明的一种装填机的一部分的顶视平面图;
图3是符合本发明的一种装填机的一部分的立面视图;
图4是符合本发明的一种装填机的一部分的立面端视图;
图5-11是采用符合本发明的一种装填机的、一焦炭炉装填过程的各示意图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,在此提供一种用于焦炭炉的装填机10。此装填机包括压实煤舱12和未压实煤舱14。煤是借助于横向输送器16提供给压实煤舱和未压实煤舱的,传送带16用于把煤从煤源传送到装填滑槽18和进入装煤舱20。装煤舱20最好是包括摊平装置,诸如链板摊平系统22,用于把煤24,最好是未压实的煤散布到装煤舱20里去。装煤舱20由各支承梁件26支承在压实煤舱12和未压实煤舱14上方。
煤流经两或多个排放滑槽30而积放在装填板28上和未压实煤舱14中。各排放滑槽30最好是金字塔形的排放滑槽,装有各带凸缘出口32。各排放阀34,可以选自转动阀、滑门阀、夹断阀等,最好是装接于每一排放滑槽30的带凸缘出口32。特别可取的是设置一或多个排放滑槽30靠近未压实煤舱14,用于把煤积放在与积放在装填板28上的煤分开的舱14中。
带孔的振动板(foraminous vibratory plate)36可活动地设置在装煤舱20与装填板28之间。带孔板具有的厚度最好是范围从大约2到大约4英寸,并最好是包含许多孔眼,具有的直径范围从大约1英寸到大约4英寸。带孔板36最好是悬置的,以便朝向和离开装填板28而移动却相对于它保持基本上平行的取向。相应地,带孔板36最好是用各链条38或其他挠性支承装置装接于各支承梁件26并可以用一或多个滑轮40或其他适当的调节装置使之升起和落下。振动器42,可以选自液压式或机—电式可转动偏心重或其他适当的振动装置,最好是装接于带孔板36。
装填机10的压实煤舱12是由基本上固定的端部壁板44、中间的活动壁板46、各活动侧面壁板48和活动装填板28形成的。活动装填板28最好是具有的厚度范围从大约2到大约3英寸并最好是由铸钢制成。中间活动壁板46和活动前面壁板50连同各静止侧面壁板52和活动引煤板54形成未压实煤舱14。中间活动壁板46和活动前面壁板50装接于矩形抬升框架56,后者较为详细地示于图2和3之中。驱动器58装接于引煤板54并被驱动以便在装填入炉期间当未压实煤舱14被部分地装入炉子时抬起抬升框架56。
活动装填板28通过借助于装填板驱动系统60使装填板28移动越过引煤板54而以滑动方式安置在炉子之中。装填板驱动系统60最好是一种连续的链式驱动总成,包括以下将较为详细说明的、装接于装填板28一端的链条和链条驱动装置。
上述整个的煤填装总成装接于活动装填车62,后者包括形成装填机10的支承构架64和各车轮66。装填车62跨在两条轨道68上。后者平行于一排焦炭炉并垂直于装煤入炉的方向。装填车62可以是一单独活动的总成,联接于一焦炭推出总成,一如Thompson的美国专利第3784034号、Tompson的美国专利第3912091号和Tompson的美国专利第4067462号之中所述,它们似乎以全面陈述方式在此引入作为参考。
现在参照图2和3详细说明活动引煤总成70。引煤总成70包括活动引煤板54,用于支承未压实煤14和用于在活动装煤车62(图1)与焦炭炉入口72之间移动或桥接一间隙。引煤板54配有板驱动器92,用于在装煤车62与炉子入口72之间移动引煤总成70一段距离D。最好是,引煤板54的端部80伸进焦炭炉76一段距离,范围从大约0.5到大约1英尺或更大,以尽量减少由于在炉子入口72处的溢出而可能损失的未压实煤14的数量。于是,引煤板54最好是移动一段距离,范围从大约15到大约45英寸。一如图2之中所示,引煤板54的上部表面78在炉子底板表面82以上不超过大约6到大约12英寸。
引煤板54最好是一铸钢板,具有的厚度范围从大约2到大约3英寸。引煤总成70还包括各加强件84,它们包括一些梁件或板件,固定地装接于中间壁板40和前面壁板50以减少前面壁板50的挠曲。在一优选实施例中,加强件84是形成未压实煤舱14的内侧壁的板件。外侧各壁板52和引煤板54彼此装接并作为一体部分地进入炉子76。中间壁板46和活动前面壁板50固定地装接于抬升框架56。引煤板54、各侧壁板52、各加强件84、中间壁板46和前面壁板50形成未压实煤舱14并作为一体移动,由于装煤期间打开的焦炭炉而产生的热量,板54和前面壁板50可以任由选择地诸如由一水冷循环系统予以水冷。最好是前面壁板50作耐火衬砌或以另外的方式作隔热处理以减少由于过热而造成的翘曲。
一如图2和3之中所示,抬升框架56单独支承在引煤板54的可滑动支承框架86上。可滑动支承框架86可滑动地设置在装接于活动引煤板54的滑动表面58上。框架驱动器90装接于可滑动支承框架86以便把支承框架86连同未压实煤舱14一起移向炼焦炉76。引煤驱动器92装接于引煤滑板54以推移未压实煤舱14部分地进入炉子76。一如图2之中所示,驱动器58装接于可滑动支承框架86。在引煤板54部分地处在炉子之中以后,驱动器58被启动以围绕枢轴总成94抬升和转动抬升框架56,以致壁板46a和50a不妨碍压实的煤进入炉子76。枢轴总成94装接于铅直枢轴支承梁件96,后者也装接于引煤板54。
在引煤总成70部分地进入炉子76并抬起抬升框架56和中间壁板46以及前面壁板50之后,各活动侧面壁板48从压实煤舱12中的压实煤24退回,以便减少推动压实煤24进入炉子76时的滑动摩擦。参照图4,各活动侧面壁板48可以横交于压实煤24进入炉子的运动横跨装煤板28移动,或者可以偏斜地离开压实煤24以便在各活动侧面壁板48与压实舱24之间形成足够的间隙。在一优先实施例中,各液压驱动器98装接于各侧面壁板48的上部100和装接于装煤车62的结构梁件102,用于各侧面壁板48可倾斜地移离压实煤24。压实煤与各侧面壁板48之间的间隙应当足以显著地减少各侧面壁板48与压实煤24之间的摩擦。为此,各侧面壁板48上部100附近的间隙可以是范围从0.25英寸到大约3英寸或更大。
另外最好是,引煤总成70的各固定侧面壁板52的一部分至少部分地搭接各侧面壁板48,搭接的距离至少是引煤总成移入焦炭炉76的距离,一如图3之中所示。搭接各侧面壁板48的一部分104可减少在装煤操作期间溢出引煤总成70的煤的数量。
再次参照图4,装煤板28最好是支承在各滑板上。各滑板最好是设置成几段,最好是三段106a、106b和106c,用于支承装煤板28。各滑板106a-c,最好是具有范围从大约2到大约4英寸的厚度并具有比较光滑的面层。减摩涂层也可以施加于各滑板106a-c与装煤板28之间的各滑板106a-c表面以降低滑动摩擦。适当的减摩材料包括石墨、石油脂等。各支承梁件116装接于装煤车62用于支承各滑板106a-c。
装煤板驱动系统60(图1)包括链条驱动装置108、驱动销110和装接于装煤板28底面114的驱动件112。驱动销110设置驱动件112的一孔口之中并装接于驱动链条108用于移动装煤板28进出炉子。链条回返导槽118设置在装煤车62上以便在装煤板28平移运动期间导引链条驱动装置108。
一如图4之中详细所示,各活动侧面壁板48以枢转方式连接于装煤车62支承框架64上的枢转销120。一当起动液压驱动器98,各活动壁板48离开装煤板28上的压实煤,一如箭头122所示,倾斜到由各壁板48a所表明的位置。在压实煤已被推入炉子之后,各驱动器98被启动以使各活动壁板48返回到基本上铅直的方向上,以致各壁板基本上垂直于由装煤板28形成的平面。
图5-11提供了用于采用本发明设备的焦炭炉的一优先装煤顺序的示意图。将会理解,步骤顺序是可以改变的。按照此装煤顺序,装煤机10(图1)被推向有待装煤的炉子附近。装煤机10的压实和未压实煤舱12和14填装有来自装煤舱20的煤,一如上述。煤从横向输送器16和装煤滑槽18供向装煤舱20,一如上述。在装填压实煤舱12和未压实煤舱14之前,装煤舱中的煤用链板摊平系统22予以摊平。对于一部具有大约12英尺的宽度和大约45英尺的长度并装填到从大约40到大约50英寸煤深的焦炭炉来说,装煤舱20尺寸定得最好是盛放煤量范围从大约50到大约80吨煤。
来自装煤舱20的未压实煤24通过打开未压实煤舱14紧上方的排放滑槽30上的排放阀34而被供入未压实煤舱14。未压实煤舱14尺寸定得可盛放的未压实煤煤量足以在装煤板28与炉子底板之间的炉子底板上形成一层未压实煤,一如以下较为详细地所述。未压实煤舱最好是盛放从大约百分之五到大约百分之二十的煤的总重,对于上述尺寸的炼焦炉来说,最好是从大约5到大约10吨的未压实煤。宽度小于大约12英尺和长度小于大约45英尺的炉子可以需要较少的未压实煤以形成未压实煤层。同样,较大的炉子需要较多的煤以形成未压实煤层。
一当煤充分地摊平在煤舱20之中,各滑槽30上的各阀门34被打开以便把煤配送给压实和未压实煤舱12和14。一如上述,供给压实煤舱12的煤最好是通过经由带孔的振动板36从各滑槽30筛送煤来供给的。在煤配送作业期间,带孔板36由各链条38悬置在压实煤舱装煤板28的上方,低幅、高频振动能量借助于振动器42供向板36。由振动器42提供的振动能量最好是比如具有小于大约0.5英寸的振幅和大约1800/分的频率。在煤配送步骤期间板36的运动有效地使煤能够在纵向和横向上都在装煤板28上形成基本上均匀的煤层。
参照图5,煤被供向固定壁板44与中间活动壁板46之间的装煤板28以形成压实煤一次装填量124。未压实的煤24堆放在中间活动壁板46与活动前面壁板50之间的未压实煤舱14之中。
一当压实和未压实煤舱12和14装满煤时,带孔板36落放到舱12之中的未压实煤上面。振动力如上所述施加于此板而板36在煤上的全部重量使舱12中煤的体积密度从大约40到大约50每立方英尺磅增加到从大约60到大约80每立方英尺磅。舱12中煤的压实可以在单独一次压实步骤之中或在煤被装进舱12时在多次压实步骤之中完成。一当舱12之中的煤被压实,带孔板36借助于各链条38被提升到压实煤上方不妨碍压实煤进入炉子的位置上。最好是,煤在少于大约5分钟内被压实,最好是在煤积放在压实舱12之内以后,在从大约1到大约3分钟之内被压实。
在装炉之前,装有压实和未压实煤124和24的装煤机10位于炼焦炉76入口72附近,此炉最好是一种非回收式炼焦炉(non-recovery coking oven)。炼焦炉的入口和出口72和126二者最好是包含可挪开的炉门128和130。由于炼焦炉一当最初被起动就处在基本上连续的作业之中,所以原先炼成的焦炭在用压实煤124装填炉子之前必须从炉76中清除。焦炭是在把入口炉门128挪至示于图6之中的位置之后,如上所述利用通过炉子入口72插进的焦炭推出器经由出口126从炉子76里清除出去的。
无论炼成的焦炭如何与何时从炉子76里被除去,一当装煤车62配备以煤而煤被压实,则未压实煤舱14被部分地推入炉子入口72。此时,未压实煤舱14的活动引煤板54(图1)横跨装煤车62与炉子76之间的间隙132(图5和6)。中间壁板46和活动前面壁板50连同引煤板54移向炉子入口72,而压实煤124保持静止不动。
在此过程的下一步中,中间壁板46和前面壁板50被向上移离引煤板54。此时,未压实煤24向外涌入炉子入口72和顶靠压实煤124,一如图7之中所示。
一如图8之中所示,装煤板28随后通过启动装接于各驱动链条108的驱动马达而被推入炉子76。随着装煤板28的前进,未压实煤24被推向压实煤124的前面,以致一部分未压实煤24随着装煤板进入炉子76在装煤板28与炉子底板136之间形成一层134。未压实煤层134最好是足以使装煤板28隔绝于炉子底板136的辐射热并提供一个比较平滑的平整表面以便装煤板28进出炉子76。一如图9之中所示,装煤板28被推入炉子76,直至压实煤124完全处在炉子之中而未压实煤在装煤板28与炉子底板136之间形成一层134为止。压实煤124和装煤板28的重量足以压紧层134之中的未压实煤以增大其密度而超过未压实煤24的密度。
一当炉子76已经装上压实煤,中间壁板46和前面壁板50即被落下到接近装煤板28的位置,以致前面壁板50接近压实煤124的一端138(图10)。前面壁板50设置或设计得被推动接近压实煤124的端部138以在从炉子76中撤出装煤板28挡持炉子76中的压实煤。一如图11所示,装煤板28可以完全从炉子76中撤出到其一如图5所示的最初位置,同时压实煤124和未压实煤层134留在炉子76之内。一如在图11之中所见,中间壁板46和前面壁板50只向引煤板54部分地落下,以致装煤板28可以容易地移动在引煤板54与各壁板46和50之间。
在作业的最后步骤中,未压实煤舱14被从炉子入口72处移开到其最初位置而入口炉门128被落下和被重新装接于炉子入口72。此时,装煤车62可以重新设置在有待装煤的下一部焦炭炉附近而重复装载装煤车、压实煤料和装煤入炉的这一过程。
在以上说明中,整个设备,各传送带、各电气部件等除外,可以由铸钢或锻钢制成。因此,设备可实现坚固的结构并提供一种适合于焦炭炉环境的比较耐久的设备。
上述设备和方法使得可以使用不太昂贵的煤来从事冶金焦炭的生产,从而降低焦炭的总体成本。取决于具体的煤源和所达到的压实程度,按照本发明所述的一次压实煤装填量可以包含高达80%重量的未炼焦煤。用本发明设备生产的焦炭也可以由于压实过程而以35到42吨增加到高达大约50到大约60吨。比较一贯的各装煤物理参数,诸如装煤高度、宽度和深度也都是符合本发明的设备和方法的好处。
说明了本发明的多个方案和实施例及其若干优点之后,具有一般熟练水平的人员将会认识到,本发明可以有处在所附各项权利要求的精神和范畴之内的多种改进、替代和修正。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于用煤装填一炼焦炉的方法,炼焦炉具有一废气管道加热的底板;基本上平行的各铅直壁板;一靠近炉子入口的推出器门;一靠近炉子出口的出焦门;以及一拱形的基本上封闭的炉顶,此方法包括:
将一焦炭炉推出器和装煤机安置在推出器门附近,焦炭炉推出器和装煤机包括一可动的狭长装煤板,具有一第一端和一第二端;靠近装煤板的可收进的各侧面壁板;一靠近装煤板第二端的第一端部壁板;一装煤板推动装置,用于推动装煤板进出炉子;以及一可单独移动的引煤段,靠近装煤板的第一端部炉子入口,用于跨过装煤板第一端与炉子入口之间的区域,引煤段具有一底部壁板;装接于底部壁板的对置的固定侧面壁板;以及对置的第二和第三端部壁板,可相对于底部壁板和固定的两侧面壁板移动;
将颗粒状煤炭馈送到两侧面壁板与引煤段第二端部壁板之间的装煤板以及第二与第三端部壁板之间的引煤段上以形成第一和第二煤层;
压实可收进侧面壁板与第一和第二端部壁板之间的第一煤层中的煤;
从煤焦炉入口挪开推出器门;
从炉子出口挪开出焦门;
把炼焦炉的焦炭推入热焦车;
把出焦门重新装接于炉子出口;
把引煤段的一部分送入炉子入口以便跨过炉子入口与装煤板之间的距离;
从引煤段的底部壁板收回第二和第二端部壁板,以便把未压实煤积放在炉子的至少一部分上;
从装煤板上的压实煤收进可收进的侧面壁板;
越过引煤段把装有压实煤的装煤板推入炉子,同时推动压实煤前面的未压实煤,使得未压实煤在受热的炉子底板与装煤板之间形成一层基本上未压实的煤;
把第二和第三端部壁板重新放置在装煤板附近;
从炉子收回装煤板,同时利用第三端部壁板把压实煤挡持在炉子之内;
从炉子入口撤出引煤段;以及
把推出器门重新装接在炉子上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中煤是利用一振动式压实装置压实的。
3.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中煤被压实到密度范围从每立方英尺大约60到大约75磅。
4.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中可收进的侧面壁板通过使各侧面壁板倾斜地离开压实煤而收进。
5.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其中引煤段中的未压实煤通过相对于底部壁板抬升第二和第三壁板而积放在炼焦炉之内。
6.一种炼焦炉装煤机,包括一活动框架,包括有一焦炭炉给煤装置,此焦炭炉给煤装置包括一可动的狭长装煤板,具有一第一端部和一第二端部;靠近装煤板的收进的各侧面壁板;一靠近装煤板第二端部的第一端部壁板;一用于推动装煤板进出炉子的装煤板推动装置;以及一可单独移动的引煤段,靠近装煤板的第一端部;用于跨过装煤板第一端部与炉子入口之间的区域,引煤段具有一底部壁板、装接于此底部壁板的对置固定侧面壁板;以及对置的第二和第三端部壁板,可相对于底部壁板和固定的侧面壁板移动。
7.按照权利要求6所述的焦炭炉装煤机,还包括一振动板,用于压实装煤板上的至少一部分煤。
8.按照权利要求6所述的焦炭炉装煤机,其中振动板是一带孔板,用于把有待压实的煤散布到装煤板上面。
9.按照权利要求6所述的焦炭炉装煤机,其中可收进的两侧面壁板是可以倾斜的侧面壁板。
10.按照权利要求6所述的焦炭炉装煤机,其中装煤板是一种液体冷却的装煤板。
11.按照权利要求6所述的焦炭炉装煤机,还包括一装煤舱和用于把煤积放在装煤舱之内的配煤装置。
12.按照权利要求11所述的焦炭炉装煤机,其中装煤舱还包括至少两部金字塔形排放滑槽,用于把煤从装煤舱积放到一振动带孔板上面,用于把有待压实的煤散布在装煤板上。
13.按照权利要求12所述的焦炭炉装煤机,其中振动板可动地装设在装煤舱与装煤板之间。
14.按照权利要求11所述的焦炭炉装煤机,还包括至少一部金字塔形排放滑槽,用于把未压实煤积放在其引煤段之内。
15.一种用于把煤装入一炼焦炉的方法,此方法包括以下各步骤:
在一第一装煤板上形成一层压实煤并在一第二装煤板上形成一层未压实煤,第一装煤板位于炉子外面靠近一炉子入口,而第二装煤板位于第一装煤板与炉子入口之间并在铅直方向上居于第一装煤板下方,使得第一装煤板可以被推动而越过第二装煤板;
把第二装煤板的一部分推入炉子入口以便把未压实煤积放在炉子入口附近和部分地在炉子之内;
使第一装煤板经由入口并越过第二装煤板进入炉子以便把压实煤置放在炉子之内,从而第一装煤板和压实煤的一部分随着第一装煤板进入炉子而接触未压实煤的一部分,以在第一装煤板前面和下面把未压实煤推入炉子。
经由炉子入口从炉子撤出第一装煤板并从炉子入口撤出第二装煤板以便在炉子之内形成一最终的煤层,即一覆盖着未压实煤的压实煤层;重新设置各端部壁板以便将压实煤挡持在炉子之内;从炉子撤出活动装煤板和引煤段并关闭装煤炉门。
16.按照权利要求15所述的方法,其中煤是利用一振动压实装置压实的。
17.按照权利要求15所述的方法,其中煤被压实到体积密度范围从每立方英尺大约60到大约70磅。
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CN100346124C (zh) 2007-10-31
PL197075B1 (pl) 2008-02-29
WO2002029345A1 (en) 2002-04-11
EP1325278A4 (en) 2011-04-27
BR0114524A (pt) 2003-08-26
BR0114524B1 (pt) 2012-07-24
PL361231A1 (en) 2004-10-04
EP1325278A1 (en) 2003-07-09
AU2001277193A1 (en) 2002-04-15
US6290494B1 (en) 2001-09-18

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