CN1468282A - 热塑性共混物 - Google Patents
热塑性共混物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1468282A CN1468282A CNA018129617A CN01812961A CN1468282A CN 1468282 A CN1468282 A CN 1468282A CN A018129617 A CNA018129617 A CN A018129617A CN 01812961 A CN01812961 A CN 01812961A CN 1468282 A CN1468282 A CN 1468282A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- vinylbenzene
- chloromethylation
- butylene
- iso
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Abstract
本发明一般涉及具有改进性能的热塑性共混物。非必要地,这些共混物可以动态硫化。更具体地,本发明涉及一种组合物,包括氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物和选自如下的热塑性树脂的共混物:聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚缩醛、聚丙酮、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂、苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂、聚酰胺、芳族聚酮、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物及其混合物。也提供包括这些组合物的轮胎和轮胎组件如防透气膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有改进性能的热塑性共混物。非必要地,这些共混物可以动态硫化。
背景技术
在用于发现具有弹性和热塑性性能两者结合的聚合物共混物的尝试中,已经进行了重要的研究。这些聚合物共混物已经得到热塑性烯烃(“TPO”)的属类命名。它们显示硫化弹性体的一些性能以及热塑性树脂的再加工性。如果共混物的一种组分是完全或部分交联的可硫化弹性体,可以增强弹性体特性。
在TPO组合物的硫化中的最早工作是由Gessler和Haslett进行的,参见US 3,037,954。该专利教导了“动态硫化”的概念,其中将可硫化弹性体分散入树脂状热塑性聚合物中且硫化弹性体,同时连续混合和剪切聚合物共混物。结果是硫化橡胶在树脂状热塑性聚合物未硫化基体中的微凝胶分散体。Gessler的US 3,037,954公开了包括聚丙烯和橡胶的组合物,其中橡胶可以是丁基橡胶、氯化丁基橡胶、聚丁二烯、聚氯丁二烯和聚异丁烯。公开了约50-95份聚丙烯和约5-50份橡胶的组合物。
包括聚酰胺和各种类型弹性体的动态硫化热塑性塑料是已知的。参见例如US 4,173,556、US 4,197,379、US 4,207,404、US 4,297,453、US 4,338,413、US 4,348,502、US 4,419,499和US 6,028,147。具体地,Ogawa等人的US 6,028,147公开了包括甲基苯乙烯和对(氯甲基)苯乙烯的三嵌段聚合物。同样,Dharmarajan等人的EP 0 542 875公开了在聚合物中含有卤代对甲基苯乙烯衍生单元的聚合物。这些公开文献没有一个公开了含有间和对卤化甲基苯乙烯和具有改进耐用性及更低透气性的聚合物。
发明概述
现在已经发现包括热塑性树脂和氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)无规聚合物或“四聚物”的组合物具有改进的性能,该无规聚合物或“四聚物”包括苯乙烯衍生单元,对(氯甲基)苯乙烯衍生单元,和间(氯甲基)苯乙烯衍生单元,这使得它们特别用于在热塑性共混物中轮胎的制造。该组合物也可包括未硫化或动态硫化的弹性体。
因此,本发明一般涉及一种组合物,其包括氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)四聚物和选自如下的热塑性树脂的共混物:聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚缩醛、聚丙酮(polyacetones)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂、苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂、聚酰胺、芳族聚酮、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物及其混合物。也提供包括这些组合物的轮胎和轮胎组件如防透气膜。
发明描述
本发明的热塑性组合物包括热塑性树脂和氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物的共混物。该共混物可以是未硫化组合物或可以是静态硫化或经受动态硫化的。
术语“动态硫化”在此用于表示硫化工艺,其中在高剪切条件下硫化树脂和氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物。结果是,将可硫化弹性体同时交联和分散为树脂基体中“微凝胶”的细粒子。
在用于提供高剪切的设备如辊炼机、BanburTM混合机、连续混合机、捏合机或混合挤出机,如双螺杆挤出机中,在处于或大于聚合物硫化温度的温度下,通过混合树脂和氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物而进行动态硫化。该动态硫化组合物的一种独特特性在于,尽管聚合物组分可以完全硫化的事实,但可以通过常规的橡胶加工技术如挤出、注塑、压缩模塑等加工和再加工组合物。可以利用和再加工废料或溢料。
适用于本发明实施的热塑性树脂可以单独使用或结合使用及是包含氮、氧、卤素、硫或可与芳族卤烷基相互作用的其它基团的树脂。合适的树脂包括选自如下的树脂:聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚酯、聚砜、聚内酯、聚缩醛、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂(ABS)、聚苯醚(PPO)、聚苯硫醚(PPS)、苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂(SAN)、聚酰亚胺、苯乙烯-马来酸酐(SMA)、芳族聚酮(PEEK,PEK,和PEKK)、乙烯乙烯醇聚合物及其混合物。优选的热塑性树脂是聚酰胺。最优选的聚酰胺是尼龙6和尼龙11。
合适的热塑性聚酰胺(尼龙)包括结晶或树脂状高分子量固体聚合物,该固体聚合物包括在聚合物链中含有重复酰胺单元的聚合物和三元共聚物。聚酰胺可以通过一种或多种ε内酰胺如己内酰胺、吡咯烷酮、月桂基内酰胺和氨基十一烷内酰胺、或氨基酸的聚合,或通过二元酸和二元胺的缩合制备。纤维形成级和模塑级尼龙两者是合适的。这样的聚酰胺的例子是聚己内酰胺(尼龙-6)、聚月桂基内酰胺(尼龙-12)、聚己二酰己二胺(尼龙-6,6)、聚壬二酰己二胺(尼龙-6,9)、聚癸二酰己二胺(尼龙-6,10)、聚间苯二甲酰己二胺(尼龙-6,IP)和11-氨基-十一烷酸的缩合产物(尼龙-11)。也可以使用尼龙6(N6)、尼龙11(N11)、尼龙12(N12)、尼龙6/66聚合物(N6/66)、尼龙610(N610)和尼龙612(N612)。
令人满意的聚酰胺的另外例子(特别是软化点小于275℃的那些)描述在如下文献中:16化学技术百科全书1-105(John Wiley &Sons,1968),简明聚合物科学和工程百科全书748-764(John Wiley &Sons,1990),和10聚合物科学和技术百科全书392-414(John Wiley &Sons,1969)。市售热塑性聚酰胺可以有利地用于本发明的实施,优选是软化点或熔点为1600°-170℃的线性结晶聚酰胺。
合适的热塑性聚酯是那些物质,它们是线性、结晶和具有高分子量的。在此关于聚酯使用的术语“线性”表示聚合物,其中重复酯基团位于聚合物主链中且不为侧基。软化点大于约50℃的线性结晶聚酯是令人满意的,优选是软化点或熔点大于100℃的聚酯,更优选是软化点或熔点为160-260℃的聚酯。优选是饱和线性聚酯(没有烯属不饱和),然而,可以使用不饱和聚酯的条件是如果橡胶是交联的,在与聚酯共混之前交联橡胶,或条件是采用交联剂动态交联橡胶,该交联剂并不显著诱导聚酯中的交联形成。
许多市售热塑性线性结晶聚酯可以有利地用于本发明的实施或它们可以通过一种或多种二羧酸、酸酐或酯与一种或多种二醇的聚合而制备。令人满意的聚酯的例子包括聚(反式-1,4-亚环己基C2-6烷烃二羧酸酯如聚(反式-1,4-亚环己基琥珀酸酯)和聚(反式-1,4-亚环己基己二酸酯),聚(顺式或反式-1,4-环己烷二亚甲基)C0-2烷烃二羧酸酯如聚(顺式1,4-环己烷-二亚甲基)草酸酯和聚(顺式1,4-环己烷-二亚甲基)琥珀酸酯,聚(C2-4亚烷基对苯二甲酸酯)如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,聚(C2-4亚烷基间苯二甲酸酯)如聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚间苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,聚(对亚苯基C1-3烷烃二羧酸酯)如聚(对亚苯基戊二酸酯)和聚(对亚苯基己二酸酯),聚(对二甲苯草酸酯),聚(邻二甲苯草酸酯),聚(对亚苯基C1-5亚烷基对苯二甲酸酯)如聚(对亚苯基二亚甲基对苯二甲酸酯)和聚(对亚苯基二-1,4亚丁基对苯二甲酸酯),聚(C2-10亚烷基1,2-亚乙基二氧-4,4-二苯甲酸酯)如聚(亚乙基-1,2-亚乙基二氧-4,4-二苯甲酸酯),聚(四亚甲基-1,2-亚乙基二氧-4,4-二苯甲酸酯)和聚(六亚甲基-1,2-亚乙基二氧-4,4-二苯甲酸酯),聚(C3-10亚烷基-4,4-二苯甲酸酯)如聚(五亚甲基-4,4-二苯甲酸酯),聚(六亚甲基-4,4-二苯甲酸酯)和聚(十亚甲基-4,4-二苯甲酸酯),聚(C2-10亚烷基-2,6-萘二羧酸酯)如聚(亚乙基-2,6-萘二羧酸酯),聚(三亚甲基-2,6-萘二羧酸酯)和聚(四亚甲基-2,6-萘二羧酸酯),和聚(C2-10亚烷基磺酰基-4,4-二苯甲酸酯)如聚(八亚甲基磺酰基-4,4-二苯甲酸酯)和聚(十亚甲基磺酰基-4,4-二苯甲酸酯)。
令人满意的线性聚酯另外的例子描述在11聚合物科学和技术百科全书68-73(John Wiley & Sons,1969)和Korshak & VinogradovaPolyesters 31-64(Pergamon Press)。合适的聚碳酸酯也可购得。聚内酯如聚己内酯在本发明实施中是令人满意的。优选的本发明聚酯衍生自芳族二羧酸如萘二甲酸或邻苯二甲酸。更优选的聚酯是聚(亚烷基对苯二甲酸酯),特别是聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,或衍生自两种或多种二醇、两种或多种邻苯二甲酸、或两种或多种二醇及两种或多种邻苯二甲酸的混合聚邻苯二甲酸酯如聚(亚烷基对共间苯二甲酸酯)(poly(alkylene terecoi sophthalates))。
用作本发明组合物组分的合适氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物包括1-30mol%苯乙烯,优选1-20mol%苯乙烯,和最优选1-10mol%苯乙烯。优选这些聚合物包含0.5-10mol%氯甲基化苯乙烯,更优选0.5-5mol%氯甲基化苯乙烯,和最优选0.5-2mol%氯甲基化苯乙烯。
换言之,用作本发明组合物组分的合适氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物包括至少0.5wt%氯甲基化苯乙烯部分(对位或间位异构体),优选为聚合物的1wt%-60wt%,更优选1-40wt%,甚至更优选2-20wt%。聚合物的氯含量可以为大于0-10wt%,优选0.1-7wt%。
各种方法可用于生产氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物。具体的方法描述在US 3,948,868、4,074,035和5,629,386中。优选制备聚合物使得它是均匀的。制备这样均匀(即基本没有均聚物)聚合物的方法描述在US 3,948,868中。一般情况下此方法包括改进工艺使得对于苯乙烯和异丁烯达到基本相等的竞聚率。通过在合适聚合条件下接触异丁烯单体、苯乙烯单体、和卤甲基化剂,而制备聚合物或“四聚物”,因此产生含有四种不同单体衍生单元的无规共聚物或四聚物:异丁烯衍生单元,苯乙烯衍生单元,和间和对卤甲基化苯乙烯单元两者。
其中下标“n”,“n’”和“n””表示四聚物链中异丁烯衍生单元的数目且其可以相同或不同;“O”表示四聚物链中的苯乙烯衍生单元数目,“P”表示四聚物链中的对(氯甲基)苯乙烯衍生单元数目,和“Q”表示四聚物链中的间(氯甲基)苯乙烯衍生单元数目。本发明的氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)四聚物是上述四种单元的无规聚合物,且理解以上结构仅是四聚物的描述。在氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)四聚物的一个实施方案中,氯甲基化苯乙烯单元是非均相混合物使得对位异构体对间位异构体的比例可变化。
在本发明的组合物中,热塑性树脂可合适地以如下数量存在:10-98wt%,优选20-95wt%;氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物可以如下数量存在:2-90wt%,优选5-80wt%,基于聚合物共混物。
热塑性组合物根据ASTM D790在1%应变下测量的正割弯曲模量为100-400,000kg/cm2,优选200-100,000kg/cm2。
聚合物共混物可构成整个组合物的约25-约98wt%。除它的聚合物组分以外,本发明的组合物可包括填料,和添加剂如橡胶混炼领域已知的抗氧剂、稳定剂、橡胶加工油润滑剂(如油酰胺)、防粘连剂、蜡、发泡剂、阻燃剂、颜料、用于填料的偶联剂和其它加工助剂。可以包括金属氧化物,如MgO以作为酸性接受体。颜料和填料可构成总组合物的30wt%,基于聚合物组分加上添加剂。优选,颜料和填料包括1-30wt%,基于组合物,更优选为整个组合物的2-20wt%。
合适的填料包括滑石、碳酸钙、玻璃纤维、粘土、二氧化硅、炭黑及其混合物。可以使用任何类型的炭黑,如槽法炭黑、炉黑、热裂法炭黑、乙炔黑、灯黑等。二氧化钛,也考虑为颜料,可用于向最终产物赋予白颜色。
根据它们是否属于链烷烃、环烷烃或芳族加工油,橡胶加工油具有特定的ASTM命名。采用的加工油类型会是通常用于与橡胶组分结合的那些。熟练橡胶的化学家会确定对于特定的橡胶应当采用哪种类型的油。橡胶加工油的数量基于总橡胶含量,且可以定义为加工油对组合物中橡胶的重量比。此比例可为0.3/1-1.3/1,优选0.5/1-1.2/1,更优选0.8/1-1.1/1。也可以采用不是石油基油的油,如衍生自煤焦油和松焦油的油。除石油衍生的橡胶加工油以外,可以使用有机酯和其它合成增塑剂。在此使用的术语“加工油”表示石油衍生的加工油和合成增塑剂两者。
加工油可以包括在组合物中以保证组合物具有良好的流动性能。采用的油的数量会部分依赖于使用的聚合物共混物和填料的数量,以及在一些程度上,采用的硫化体系的类型。一般情况下,当包括加工油时,加工油可构成组合物的30wt%。可以使用更大数量的加工油,缺点是降低的物理强度。
抗氧剂可用于本发明的组合物以进一步增强本发明弹性体聚合物组分的改进老化性能和以便保护树脂。采用的特定抗氧剂会依赖于采用的橡胶和塑料且可能要求多于一种类型。它们的合适选择为橡胶化学家熟知。抗氧剂一般分成化学保护剂或物理防护剂的类别。当在要从组合物制造的部件中有很少的移动时,使用物理防护剂。这些物质一般是蜡状材料,它们赋予橡胶部件表面“起霜”且形成对氧气、臭氧等的保护性涂层或屏蔽。
化学保护剂一般分成三个化学组:仲胺、酚类物和亚磷酸盐。用于本发明实施的抗氧剂类型的说明性非限制性例子是受阻酚、氨基酚、氢醌、烷基二胺、胺缩合产物等。这些和其它类型抗氧剂的非限制性例子是苯乙烯酚、2,2’-亚甲基-双(4-甲基-6-1,丁基酚)、2,6’-二-叔丁基-邻二甲基氨基-对甲酚、氢醌单苄基醚、辛基化二苯胺、苯基-β-萘胺、N,N’-二苯基乙二胺、羟醛-α-萘胺、N,N’-二苯基对苯二胺等。物理抗氧剂包括混合石油蜡和微结晶蜡。
在本发明范围内的是在组合物中引入与动态硫化橡胶结合的未硫化橡胶。这可以通过选择如下的物质作为未硫化橡胶而完成:不能由用于硫化想动态硫化的本发明的氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物组分的硫化剂硫化的橡胶;或通过在硫化剂已经被完全消耗之后,向动态硫化热塑性组合物中添加可由用于硫化本发明氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物组分的硫化剂硫化的橡胶来完成。例如,当采用包括氧化锌的硫化体系硫化本发明的氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物组分时,可以包括任何其它橡胶,该橡胶要求硫或另一种硫化剂以硫化它或它是不可硫化的。这样的橡胶包括乙烯-丙烯聚合物(EPM)、乙烯-丙烯-二烯烃聚合物(EPDM)、丁基橡胶、卤化丁基橡胶、天然橡胶等。或者,可以首先从树脂和可硫化弹性体通过动态硫化制备DVA,且随后可以在大于热塑性树脂熔点的温度下将未硫化的橡胶共混入DVA。在其中将未硫化橡胶引入动态硫化组合物的实施方案中,未硫化橡胶的存在量可以为组合物总橡胶(即弹性体)含量的大于0-25wt%,优选5-20wt%。
当需要生产硫化组合物时,可以使用能够硫化饱和卤化聚合物的任何常规硫化体系以至少硫化氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物,区别在于当选择热塑性树脂作为组分时应当避免过氧化物硫化剂,过氧化物会引起这些热塑性树脂它们自身交联。
此外,应当从使用的硫化体系排除引起特定树脂在用于制备动态硫化合金的加工条件下交联的任何硫化剂。用于本发明氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物组分的合适硫化剂体系包括与硬脂酸锌或硬脂酸结合的氧化锌,和非必要地一种或多种如下的促进剂或硫化剂:Permalux(二儿茶酚硼酸酯的二-邻甲苯基胍盐)、HVA-2(间亚苯基双马来酰亚胺)、Zisnet(2,4,6-三巯基-5-三嗪)、ZDEDC(二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸锌)和其它二硫代氨基甲酸盐、Tetrone A(双五亚甲基六硫化秋兰姆)、Vultac-5(烷基化酚二硫化物)、SP1045(酚醛树脂)、SP1056(溴化烷基酚醛树脂)、DPPD(二苯基苯二胺)、水杨酸(邻羟基苯甲酸)、木松香(松香酸)、和与硫结合的TMTDS(二硫化四甲基秋兰姆)。在用于至少部分,优选完全硫化氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物的条件下进行硫化。
在本发明的实施中,在足以软化树脂的温度下,或更通常地当树脂在室温下结晶时,在大于它的熔点的温度下,将氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物和非必要的其它聚合物和/或添加剂混合在一起。如果要动态硫化混合物,在已经充分混合树脂和其它聚合物之后,加入硫化剂。在硫化温度下的加热和素炼对于在0.5-10分钟内完成硫化一般是足够的。可以通过升高硫化温度而降低硫化时间。硫化温度的合适范围是从基体树脂的熔点到300℃;更典型地,该温度可从基体树脂的熔点到275℃。优选在从聚合物共混物的熔化温度到基体树脂软化或熔化温度以上20℃的温度下进行硫化。
优选继续混合工艺直到完成所需的硫化水平。如果允许在停止混合之后继续硫化,组合物可能不可作为热塑性塑料再加工。然而,可以在多个阶段中进行动态硫化。例如,可以在双螺杆挤出机中开始硫化且使用水下造粒机由DVA材料形成的粒料,因此在它完成之前骤冷硫化。它可以在稍后的时间在动态硫化条件下完成。本领域技术人员会确定硫化剂的合适数量、类型及要求以进行橡胶硫化的混合时间程度。当必要时,可以使用变化量的硫化剂硫化单独的橡胶以确定要采用的最优硫化体系及用于达到完全硫化的适当硫化条件。
尽管优选在进行本发明动态硫化工艺之前所有组分存在于混合物中,但这不是必须的条件。例如,在一个实施方案中,可以在一部分或全部树脂存在下动态硫化要硫化的氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物。然后可以将此共混物排出到另外的树脂中。相似地,可以不必要在动态硫化之前加入所有的填料和油。可以在硫化期间或在硫化完成之后加入一部分或所有的添加剂、填料和油。如果在硫化之后加入某些成分如稳定剂和加工助剂,它们会更有效地起作用。
术语“橡胶”在此与“弹性体”互换使用。在此关于本发明动态硫化橡胶组分使用的术语“完全硫化”表示已经将要硫化的橡胶组分硫化到一定的状态,其中发展了橡胶的物理性能以向橡胶赋予一般与处于它们常规硫化态相关的弹性体性能。可以按照凝胶含量或相反地可抽出组分描述硫化橡胶的硫化程度。或者,可以按照交联密度表示硫化程度。
当可抽出物的测量是硫化状态的合适量度时,通过如下方式生产改进的热塑性弹性体组合物:硫化共混物的可硫化橡胶组分达到它们包含不大于4wt%的在室温下可由溶剂抽出的硫化橡胶组分,该溶剂溶解要硫化的橡胶,和优选达到组合物包含小于2wt%可抽出物的程度。一般情况下,硫化橡胶组分的可抽出物越少,性能越好且仍然更优选是基本不包括来自硫化橡胶相的可抽出橡胶的组合物(小于0.5wt%)。通过包括如下操作的程序测量报导为百分比凝胶的凝胶含量:通过在有机溶剂中在室温下浸泡试样48小时,及称重干燥残余物和根据组合物的知识进行合适的校正而确定不溶聚合物的数量。因此,通过从初始重量减去如下重量而获得校正的初始和最终重量:可溶性组分(非要硫化的橡胶)的重量,如增量油、增塑剂和溶于有机溶剂的组合物组分以及不要硫化的DVA的任何橡胶组分的重量(如果非必要地存在)。从初始和最终重量两者减去任何不溶性颜料、填料等。
为采用交联密度作为硫化状态的量度,它表征改进的热塑性弹性体组合物,将共混物硫化到这样的程度,该程度相应于采用如在共混物中的这样数量的相同硫化剂及在这样的时间和温度条件下,硫化如在压力下在模具中静态硫化的共混物中相同的橡胶,以得到大于约3×10-5摩尔每毫升橡胶和优选大于约5×10-5摩尔每毫升橡胶或甚至更优选1×10-4摩尔每毫升橡胶的有效交联密度。然后在相似条件下,根据共混物的橡胶含量采用与对于单独橡胶要求的相同数量硫化剂动态硫化共混物。可以认为这样测量的交联密度是提供改进热塑性塑料的硫化量的量度。然而,从如下事实来看:硫化剂的数量是根据共混物的橡胶含量且该数量提供单独的橡胶上述交联密度,不应当假定硫化剂不与树脂反应或在树脂和橡胶之间没有反应。可能有非常显著的有关的反应,但具有有限的程度。然而,如所述测量的交联密度提供热塑性弹性体组合物交联密度的有用近似的假定与如下情况相一致:热塑性性能和可以采用对于使用的树脂的合适溶剂,通过高温溶剂萃取从组合物除去大部分树脂的事实。
通过平衡溶剂溶胀使用Flory-Rehner方程测量橡胶的交联密度,如在30 J.Rubber Chem.& Tech.,929中所示。从Sheehan和Bisio的综述文章,39.Rubber Chem.& Tech.149-192(1966)获得用于计算的橡胶溶剂配对物的合适Huggis溶解度参数。如果硫化橡胶的抽出凝胶含量较低,必须使用Bueche的校正,其中将术语v乘以凝胶分数(%凝胶/100)。交联密度是在树脂不存在下测量的半有效网络链密度v。因此,硫化共混物的交联密度以下理解为表示以所述方式对如在共混物中相同橡胶测量的数值。仍然更优选的组合物满足硫化状态的上述测量两者,即通过交联密度和橡胶可抽出物百分比的预测。
也可以根据在EP969 039A1(在此完全引入作为参考)中公开的方法共混热塑性树脂和氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物,它导致氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物在热塑性树脂基体中的微细分散。工业实用性
已经发现共混氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)四聚物与选自如下的热塑性树脂:聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚缩醛、聚丙酮、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂、苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂、聚酰胺、芳族聚酮、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物及其混合物,产生了具有改进耐用性和气体渗透的热塑性弹性体组合物。通过在双螺杆挤出机末端处使用T型片材模头、直或十字头结构制管模头、吹胀圆柱形模头等,将获得的热塑性弹性体组合物模塑成片材、膜、或管子,使得可以使用树脂作为充气轮胎的内衬或防透气层及软管的橡胶/树脂层压材料等。
尽管已经参考特定的实施方案描述和说明了本发明,本领域技术人员会理解本发明自身会导致未在此说明的许多不同变化。基于这些原因,则仅应当参考所附的权利要求用于确定本发明的真实范围。
由于其中允许这样引入的所有权限,所有优先权文献在此完全引入作为参考。此外,由于其中允许这样引入的所有权限,所有在此引用的文献,包括测试程序,在此完全引入作为参考。
Claims (33)
1.一种组合物,包括氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)四聚物和选自如下的热塑性树脂的共混物:聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚砜、聚缩醛、聚丙酮、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂、聚苯醚、聚苯硫醚、苯乙烯-丙烯腈树脂、苯乙烯-马来酸酐树脂、芳族聚酮、乙烯乙烯醇共聚物及其混合物。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中四聚物由异丁烯衍生单元,苯乙烯衍生单元,对(氯甲基)苯乙烯衍生单元,和对(氯甲基)苯乙烯衍生单元组成。
3.权利要求2的组合物,其中氯甲基化衍生单元构成四聚物的0.5wt%以上。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中组合物是非硫化组合物。
5.权利要求1的组合物,其中组合物是硫化组合物。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中硫化组合物是动态硫化组合物。
7.权利要求3的组合物,其中氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物是至少部分硫化的。
8.权利要求3的组合物,其中氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物是至少90%硫化的。
9.权利要求1的组合物,其中树脂的存在量为10-98wt%,和氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物的存在量为2-90wt%,基于聚合物共混物。
10.权利要求1的组合物,其中树脂的存在量为20-95wt%,和氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物的存在量为5-80wt%,基于聚合物共混物。
11.权利要求1的组合物,其中氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物在组合物中以分散在树脂中的粒子存在。
12.权利要求1的组合物,其中树脂包括聚酰胺。
13.权利要求10的组合物,其中聚酰胺选自尼龙6、尼龙6,6、尼龙6/66聚合物、尼龙11及其混合物。
14.权利要求1的组合物,其中氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物包括大于0-10wt%氯。
15.权利要求1的组合物,其中氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物包括1-30mol%苯乙烯。
16.权利要求1的组合物,其中氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物包括0.5-10mol%氯甲基化苯乙烯。
17.权利要求1的组合物,另外包括选自如下的组分:填料、橡胶混炼添加剂、及其混合物。
18.权利要求1的组合物,另外包括选自如下的组分:橡胶加工油、增塑剂、及其混合物。
19.权利要求1的组合物,该组合物根据ASTM D790在1%应变下测量的正割弯曲模量为100-400,000kg/cm2。
20.一种组合物,包括氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)四聚物和选自如下的热塑性树脂的共混物:聚酰胺、乙烯乙烯醇聚合物及其混合物,其中氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)聚合物包括1-30mol%苯乙烯和0.5-10mol%氯甲基化苯乙烯。
21.一种组合物,包括氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)四聚物和选自如下的聚酰胺树脂的共混物:聚己内酰胺(尼龙-6)、聚月桂基内酰胺(尼龙-12)、聚己二酰己二胺(尼龙-6,6)、聚壬二酰己二胺(尼龙-6,9)、聚癸二酰己二胺(尼龙-6,10)、聚间苯二甲酰己二胺(尼龙-6,IP)、11-氨基-十一烷酸的缩合产物(尼龙-11)、尼龙6(N6)、尼龙11(N11)、尼龙12(N12)、尼龙6/66聚合物(N6/66)、尼龙610(N610)、尼龙612(N612)、及其混合物。
22.一种轮胎,包括权利要求1的热塑性组合物。
23.一种轮胎,包括权利要求20的热塑性组合物。
24.一种轮胎,包括权利要求21的热塑性组合物。
25.一种防透气膜,该膜包括权利要求1的热塑性组合物。
26.一种防透气膜,该膜包括权利要求20的热塑性组合物。
27.一种防透气膜,该膜包括权利要求21的热塑性组合物。
28.一种轮胎内衬,包括权利要求1的热塑性组合物。
29.一种轮胎内衬,包括权利要求20的热塑性组合物。
30.一种轮胎内衬,包括权利要求21的热塑性组合物。
31.权利要求21的组合物,其中四聚物由异丁烯衍生单元,苯乙烯衍生单元,对(氯甲基)苯乙烯衍生单元,和对(氯甲基)苯乙烯衍生单元组成。
32.权利要求31的组合物,其中氯甲基化衍生单元构成四聚物的0.5wt%以上。
33.权利要求20的组合物,其中氯甲基化(苯乙烯-异丁烯)四聚物是无规聚合物。
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US5910544A (en) * | 1995-11-02 | 1999-06-08 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic elastomer composition and process for production thereof and low permeability hose using the same |
JP3618527B2 (ja) * | 1997-09-25 | 2005-02-09 | 株式会社クラレ | ブロック共重合体とその製造方法及び樹脂組成物 |
EP0969039B1 (en) | 1998-01-13 | 2013-07-31 | The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic elastomer composition, process for producing the same, and pneumatic tire and hose made with the same |
US6376598B1 (en) * | 2000-06-15 | 2002-04-23 | Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Thermoplastic blend |
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2000
- 2000-06-15 US US09/594,650 patent/US6376598B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-05-22 JP JP2002510602A patent/JP2004503650A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-22 AU AU2001274883A patent/AU2001274883A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-22 KR KR1020027017157A patent/KR20030011356A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-05-22 HU HU0301985A patent/HUP0301985A2/hu unknown
- 2001-05-22 PL PL01365197A patent/PL365197A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-05-22 CN CNA018129625A patent/CN1636036A/zh active Pending
- 2001-05-22 CA CA002412944A patent/CA2412944A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-05-22 CZ CZ20024074A patent/CZ20024074A3/cs unknown
- 2001-05-22 EP EP01941538A patent/EP1354002A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-05-22 RU RU2003101109/04A patent/RU2003101109A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-05-22 BR BR0111673-8A patent/BR0111673A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-05-22 WO PCT/US2001/016400 patent/WO2001096476A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-08 CA CA002412672A patent/CA2412672A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-08 HU HU0301987A patent/HUP0301987A2/hu unknown
- 2001-06-08 EP EP01946190A patent/EP1360232A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-08 JP JP2002510594A patent/JP2004508428A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-06-08 MX MXPA02012380A patent/MXPA02012380A/es unknown
- 2001-06-08 WO PCT/US2001/018594 patent/WO2001096466A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-08 BR BR0111699-1A patent/BR0111699A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-08 CZ CZ20024075A patent/CZ20024075A3/cs unknown
- 2001-06-08 PL PL01365446A patent/PL365446A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-08 AU AU2001268270A patent/AU2001268270A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-08 RU RU2002135625/04A patent/RU2002135625A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-08 CN CNA018129617A patent/CN1468282A/zh active Pending
- 2001-06-08 KR KR1020027017061A patent/KR20030012884A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-06-08 US US10/297,738 patent/US6843292B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-06-29 US US10/879,820 patent/US6907911B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
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CN101107139B (zh) * | 2005-01-21 | 2010-12-22 | 株式会社普利司通 | 泄气保用轮胎 |
CN100540339C (zh) * | 2005-01-31 | 2009-09-16 | 株式会社普利司通 | 乘用车用充气子午线轮胎 |
CN101351920B (zh) * | 2005-12-30 | 2011-01-26 | 第一毛织株式会社 | 用于燃料电池双极板的组合物 |
CN101311213B (zh) * | 2007-05-21 | 2011-11-09 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 具有良好的气体屏蔽性的热塑性树脂组合物的拉伸产品 |
CN101717561B (zh) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-11-02 | 宁波山泉建材有限公司 | 聚酯防水透气膜及三层复合材料及其制备方法与用途 |
CN105034695A (zh) * | 2010-08-25 | 2015-11-11 | 株式会社普利司通 | 轮胎及其制造方法 |
CN106632747A (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-05-10 | 四川大学 | 一种溴甲基化苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体及其制备方法和用途 |
CN106632747B (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2020-03-06 | 四川大学 | 一种溴甲基化苯乙烯类热塑性弹性体及其制备方法和用途 |
CN112126219A (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-25 | 贵州森远增材制造科技有限公司 | 一种医用无毒无粉尘3d打印隔离眼罩的尼龙原料及其制造方法 |
CN115197559A (zh) * | 2022-08-03 | 2022-10-18 | 上海聚威新材料股份有限公司 | 一种聚苯醚/尼龙56/聚酮合金材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1354002A2 (en) | 2003-10-22 |
CZ20024074A3 (cs) | 2004-01-14 |
BR0111699A (pt) | 2004-01-06 |
JP2004508428A (ja) | 2004-03-18 |
PL365197A1 (en) | 2004-12-27 |
KR20030012884A (ko) | 2003-02-12 |
CZ20024075A3 (cs) | 2003-10-15 |
WO2001096466A3 (en) | 2003-09-04 |
CA2412944A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
RU2003101109A (ru) | 2005-02-10 |
CN1636036A (zh) | 2005-07-06 |
WO2001096466A2 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
KR20030011356A (ko) | 2003-02-07 |
US20050004311A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
WO2001096476A3 (en) | 2003-08-14 |
US6843292B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 |
RU2002135625A (ru) | 2004-07-10 |
MXPA02012380A (es) | 2004-01-26 |
PL365446A1 (en) | 2005-01-10 |
BR0111673A (pt) | 2003-10-07 |
HUP0301985A2 (hu) | 2003-09-29 |
HUP0301987A2 (hu) | 2003-09-29 |
EP1360232A2 (en) | 2003-11-12 |
CA2412672A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
AU2001274883A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 |
US20040024119A1 (en) | 2004-02-05 |
WO2001096476A2 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
US6907911B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 |
US6376598B1 (en) | 2002-04-23 |
JP2004503650A (ja) | 2004-02-05 |
AU2001268270A1 (en) | 2001-12-24 |
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