CN1461475A - 可重写光学数据存储介质以及这种介质的使用 - Google Patents

可重写光学数据存储介质以及这种介质的使用 Download PDF

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CN1461475A
CN1461475A CN02801135A CN02801135A CN1461475A CN 1461475 A CN1461475 A CN 1461475A CN 02801135 A CN02801135 A CN 02801135A CN 02801135 A CN02801135 A CN 02801135A CN 1461475 A CN1461475 A CN 1461475A
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M·H·R·兰克霍斯特
J·C·N·里佩斯
H·J·博尔格
J·H·J·鲁斯
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Abstract

描述一种具有以Ga-In-Sb合金为基础的相变记录层的光学数据存储介质,其成分位于三角形三元组成图中四边形区域TUVW之内。这些合金显示在30℃时其非晶稳定性达10年或更长。这种介质适用于例如至少30Mbit/sec的高速记录,例如DVD+RW、DVD-RW、DVD-RAM、高速CD-RW、DVR-红和DVR-蓝。

Description

可重写光学数据存储介质 以及这种介质的使用
本发明涉及利用激光束作高速记录的一种可重写光学数据存储介质,所述介质包括承载堆叠层的衬底,所述堆叠层包括第一介质层、第二介质层和具有包含Ga、In和Sb的合金的相变材料的记录层,所述记录层插入第一和第二介质层之间。
本发明还涉及这种光学数据存储介质在高数据速率和高数据稳定性应用场合中的使用。
欧洲专利EP 0387898 B1公开了本文开篇中提到的这类光学数据存储介质的实施例。
基于相变原理的光学数据存储介质很具吸引力,因为它既能直接重写(DOW)又能具有高存储密度,与只读光学数据存储系统易于兼容。相变光学记录涉及用聚焦的相对高功率的激光束在结晶记录层中形成亚微米大小的非晶记录标记。在信息记录时,介质相对于聚焦激光束移动,并且根据待记录的信息调制所述聚焦激光束。当高功率激光束熔化了结晶记录层时,就形成了标记。当激光束断开和/或随后相对于记录层移动时,已熔化标记在记录层中发生淬火,在记录层的曝光区域中留下非晶信息标记,而记录层的未曝光区域仍保持结晶态。用同样的激光以低功率电平加热(不熔化所述记录层)发生再结晶,就可擦除已写的非晶标记。非晶标记代表数据位,可以用较低功率的激光束(例如)通过衬底读出。非晶标记相对于结晶记录层的反射差异产生调制的激光束,所述调制的激光束随后由检测器转换成与记录的信息一致的调制的光电流。
相变光学记录中最重要的要求之一是高数据速率,这就是说数据要能以至少30Mbit/s的用户数据速率写入或重写。这样的高数据速率要求记录层在DOW时具有高的结晶速度,即短的结晶时间。为确保以前记录的非晶标记在DOW时能再结晶,记录层必须具有适当的结晶速率,以便与介质相对于激光束的速度相匹配。如果结晶速度不够高,代表老数据的以前记录的非晶标记在DOW时就不能完全被擦除,即再结晶。这就会引起高噪声电平。高结晶速度在高密度记录和高数据速率光学记录介质中特别重要,例如圆盘形CD-RW高速、DVD-RW、DVD+RW、DVD-RAM、DVR-红和蓝,这些都是新一代高密度数字通用盘+RW  Digital  Versatile  Disc(RW表示这种盘的可重写性)以及数字视频记录光学存储盘 Digital  Video  Recording opticalstorage discs(其中红和蓝指所用激光的波长)的缩写。对于这些盘,完全擦除时间(CET)需低于30ns。CET定义为擦除脉冲在结晶环境中使写入的非晶标记完全结晶的最短持续时间,所述持续时间是静态测量的。对于具有每个120mm盘4.7GB记录密度的DVD+RW,需要26Mbit/s的用户数据位速率,而对于DVD-蓝,所述速率为35Mbit/s。对于高速版的DVD+RW和DVD-蓝,需要50Mbit/s或更高的数据速率。相变光学记录中另一非常重要的要求是高数据稳定性,就是说记录的数据在很长时间内不会发生变化。高数据稳定性要求记录层在低于100℃的温度下具有低的结晶速率,即长的结晶时间。例如可以规定在例如30℃温度时的数据稳定性。在光学数据存储介质作档案库存储时,写入的非晶标记以某一速率再结晶,所述速率由记录层的性质决定。标记再结晶后就不能与其周围的结晶相区别,换句话说就是标记已被擦除。为了实际应用,再结晶时间在室温下,例如30℃,需要至少10年。
在欧洲专利EP0387898中,所述相变型的介质包括圆盘形丙烯酸树脂的衬底,其上有100nm厚的SiO2第一介质层、100nm厚的相变合金记录材料层以及100nm厚的第二介质层。这样的堆叠层可以称为是IPI结构,此处I代表介质层,P代表记录层。所述专利公开了一种成分为(InSb)80(GaSb)20的记录层,其结晶时间小于100ns,且结晶温度大于120℃。申请人的模型表明这相当于30℃时结晶时间约为0.6年(见表2的实例J)。按现行标准,所述结晶时间要作为稳定介质的记录层用是远远不够的。要完全擦除非晶标记,已知有两个过程:通过成核的结晶和通过晶粒生长的结晶。晶粒的成核是晶核在非晶材料中同时而随机形成的过程。因此成核的概率取决于记录层的容量,例如厚度。晶粒生长结晶发生在已存在有晶粒,例如非晶标记的结晶环境或因成核已形成晶粒的情况下。晶粒生长涉及到在已有晶粒附近因非晶材料结晶而产生的晶粒的生长。实际上这两种机制会同时发生,但一般来说,在效率或速度上总会有一种机制超过另一种机制。定义结晶时间最常用的一个术语就是完全擦除时间。完全擦除时间(CET)定义为擦除脉冲在结晶环境中使写入的非晶标记完全结晶的最短持续时间,所述持续时间是静态测量的。在所述专利中提到的时间就是CET。所述专利提出(InSb)80(GaSb)20的组成具有的CET小于100ns。而本申请人的实验表明所述化合物的CET值为25ns。所述成分在图1的Ga-In-Sb三元组成图中以J代表。
本发明的一个目的就是提供一种如开头段落中所述的光学数据存储介质,它适合于诸如DVR-蓝等高数据速率光学记录,在30℃的温度下环境数据稳定性可达10年或更长。
达到此目的的途径是:在以原子百分比表示的Ga-In-Sb三元组成图中用一个区域来表示合金中Ga、In和Sb的比例,所述区域是具有以下T,U,V和W顶点的四边形:
Ga36In10Sb54          (T)
Ga10In36Sb54          (U)
Ga26In36Sb38          (V)
Ga52In10Sb38          (W)
令人惊奇的是,如果合金成分在三角形Ga-In-Sb三元组成图中四边形区域TUVW(见图1)之内,其档案库稳定性比合金成分在区域TUVW之外要好得多。数次实验表明位于连接顶点V和W的直线右边和连接顶点U和V的直线上边的这些合金组成的稳定性值比这些线其他侧的稳定性值要差很多。还发现位于连接顶点T和U的直虚线左边的合金组成非常稳定,但其CET为50ns或更大,从光学数据存储介质可达到的DOW数据速率的观点来看这是不理想的。连接顶点T和W的直线下方的这些合金组成表明对激光功率比较不敏感。这就意味着,要在光学数据存储介质中成功写入或重写数据,就需要比较大的激光功率,特别是在相对于激光束需要较大的介质速度的高数据速率时。在写入或重写速度较高时,需要更多的激光功率。大多数情况下,使用半导体激光器来产生激光束。特别是在较短的激光波长时,例如低于700nm,这些激光器的最大功率有限,为高记录功率设置了障碍。
在以原子百分比表示的Ga-In-Sb三元组成图中用以下区域来代表合金中Ga、In和Sb的比例的一些合金特别有用,所述区域是具有以下T,X,Y和Z顶点的四边形:
Ga36In10Sb54           (T)
Ga14In32Sb54           (X)
Ga25In32Sb43           (Y)
Ga47In10Sb43           (Z)
这些合金还有另一优点,即当最大CET仍低于25ns时其稳定性甚至更好。所述区域中的组成在30℃时至少50年内是稳定的。
在进一步改进的本发明的介质中,第一介质层包括化合物SiHy,邻近记录层,式中y满足0≤y≤0.5。用这种材料作第一介质层的优点是记录层的光学对比度增强。光学对比度M0定义为|Rc-Ra|/Rh,式中Rc和Ra分别为记录层材料在结晶态和非结晶态的反射,Rh为Rc和Ra的最大者。光学对比度对于可靠的读出是个很重要的参数,因为它可增强读出信号的信号强度,从而也增强了信噪比。这种改进可用以下事实说明:化合物SiHy的折射率的实数部分在非晶态和结晶态基本上与记录层的折射率的实数部分值相匹配。这提高了非晶态和结晶态的折射率的虚数部分的相对差值。
用化合物SiHy还有一个优点就是最佳的光学对比度要求记录层的厚度至少为30nm。能使用较厚的记录层具有增强成核速率的效果,因为层的容量增大了。成核的概率增大。较高的成核速率提高了材料的结晶速度,例如在DOW时就可达到更高的数据速率。通常,用没有SiHy层的较厚的记录层会降低最佳的光学对比度。
当记录层与厚度为2-8nm之间的至少一个附加的碳化物层接触时结晶速度还可进一步提高。上述材料用在II+PI+I或II+PI的堆叠层中,式中I+为碳化物。或者,可以使用氮化物或氧化物。在II+PI+I的堆叠层中,记录层P夹在第一和第二碳化物层I+中间。第一和第二碳化物层的碳化物最好是以下各材料之一:SiC,ZrC,TaC和WC,它们既有优异的可循环性又有短的CET。SiC因其光学、机械和热性能是一种优选材料,而且,它的价格也相对较低。实验表明II+PI+I堆叠层的CET值是IPI堆叠层的60%以下。附加的碳化物层的厚度最好在2-8nm之间。厚度小时,碳化物较高的导热率对堆叠层的影响比较小,从而便于堆叠层的热设计。如果用SiHy层作第一介质层,在第一介质层和记录层之间的碳化物层由于厚度很小所以不会或几乎不会影响光学对比度。
在另一实施例中,在远离第一介质层的一侧邻近第二介质层有一金属反射层。这样就形成了所谓的IPIM结构,或与I+层结合形成II+PI+M结构。所述附加的金属层可用来提高堆叠层的总反射和/或光学对比度。而且它还用作散热器,在形成非晶标记时提高记录层的冷却速率。金属反射层包含从包括Al,Ti,Au,Ag,Cu,Pt,Pd,Ni,Cr,Mo,W和Ta的组中选择的至少一种金属,包括这些金属的合金。
第二介质层,即在金属反射层和相变记录层之间的那一层,保护记录层不受例如金属反射层和/或其他层的影响,并优化光学对比度和热性能。对于最佳的光学对比度和热性能,第二介质层的厚度最好在10-30nm的范围之内。从光学对比度的角度看,所述层的厚度也可选择为λ/(2n)nm厚,式中λ是激光束的波长,以nm表示,n是第二介质层的折射率。但选择较高的厚度会降低金属反射层或其他层对记录层的冷却效果。
第一介质层,即激光束首先进入的那一层的最佳厚度由激光束的波长λ决定。当λ=670nm时,最佳值在120nm左右。用SiHy时,在λ=670nm时所述层的最佳厚度为65nm。或者,所述层的厚度可以选择为λ/(2n)=670/2*3.85=87nm,例如65+87=152nm厚。
第一和第二介质层可以用ZnS和SiO2的混合物制成,例如(ZnS)80(SiO2)20。或者是例如:SiO2,TiO2,ZnS,AIN,Si3N4和Ta2O5。最好使用碳化物,例如SiC,WC,TaC,ZrC,和TiC。这些化合物都具有优于ZnS-SiO2混合物的结晶速度和可循环性。
反射层和介质层都可以用汽相淀积或溅射法制成。
数据存储介质的衬底例如由聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、非晶聚烯烃或玻璃制成。在典型的实例中,衬底为圆盘形,直径为120mm,厚度为0.1,0.6或1.2mm。当使用0.6或1.2mm的衬底时,(其他)各层可作在衬底上,从第一介质层开始。如果激光束经由衬底进入堆叠层,那么,所述衬底对激光波长至少应是透明的。衬底上的各层也可以用相反的顺序制作,即从第二介质层开始或金属反射层开始,在这种情况下激光束不穿过衬底进入堆叠层。也可任选地在堆叠层上形成最外面的透明层作为覆盖层,保护下面的各层不受环境的影响。这一层可由上述衬底材料之一或由透明的树脂(例如紫外光固化的聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯)组成,厚度例如为100μm。这种较薄的覆盖层可允许聚焦的激光束有较高的数值孔径(NA),例如NA=0.85。100μm的薄覆盖层可以使用在例如DVR盘上。如果激光束通过所述透明层的进入面进入堆叠层,衬底可以是不透明的。
在记录层一侧的光学数据存储介质的衬底表面最好配备有可用激光束作光学扫描的伺服轨迹。这种伺服轨迹常常由螺旋形槽构成并且在注入成型或压制时用模子在衬底中形成。所述槽也可在单独形成于衬底上的合成树脂层(例如丙烯酸盐的紫外光固化层)中用复制工艺过程形成。在高密度记录时,槽的间距为例如0.5-0.8μm,槽宽约为间距的一半。
利用短波长的激光,例如波长为670nm或更短,就可实现高密度记录和擦除。
相变记录层可以通过汽相淀积或溅射适当的靶材涂敷在衬底上。这样淀积的层是非晶的。为了构成适当的记录层,首先必须使这一层完全结晶,通常称为初始化。为此,记录层可在炉中加热到超过Ga-In-Sb合金的结晶温度,例如180℃。或者可用足够功率的激光束加热合成树脂(例如聚碳酸酯)衬底。这可在诸如记录设备中实现,此时激光束扫描移动着的记录层。于是非晶层局部加热到使所述层结晶所需的温度,同时防止衬底受到不利的热负荷。
以下用示范实例结合附图更详细地说明本发明,附图中:
图1示出以原子百分比表示的三角形Ga-In-Sb三元组成图,其中示出了两个方形区域TUVW和TXYZ,以及点A到J;
图2示出根据本发明的光学数据存储介质的示意的截面图;
图3示出根据本发明的光学数据存储介质的另示意的截面图;以及
图4示出图1所示的点A,B,C,G,H,I和J的非晶相标记的数据稳定度或结晶时间(tc)作为温度(T,以℃表示)函数的图形关系。
实例C,D,G和H(根据本发明)
图2中,用激光束10进行高速记录的可重写光学数据存储介质具有衬底1和其上的堆叠层2。堆叠层2具有:由(ZnS)80(SiO2)20制成的第一介质层3,厚度为120nm;由(Zns)80(SiO2)20制成的第二介成的第一介质层3,厚度为120nm;由(ZnS)80(SiO2)20制成的第二介质层5,厚度为20nm;以及具有包含Ga、In和Sb合金的相变材料的记录层4。记录层4的厚度为25nm,夹在第一介质层3和第二介质层5之间。合金中Ga、In和Sb的比例在图1的三元组成图中用点C,D,G和H代表。准确的成分示于表1。
在远离第一介质层3的一侧,邻近第二介质层5有一个Al的金属反射层,厚度是100nm。
邻近第一介质层3有一个用例如激光透明的紫外(UV)可固化树脂制成的保护层7,厚度为100μm。可以通过旋涂和随后的UV固化来形成保护层7。
通过溅射法形成层3,4,5和6。将这样淀积的非晶记录层在记录设备中用连续的激光束加热到超过其结晶温度就可得到记录层4的初始结晶态。
表1列出了改变Ga-In-Sb合金的成分时本发明各实例的结果。
表1实例     Ga(at.%)     In(at.%)     Sb(at.%)   CET(ns)   30℃时外推数据稳定度(tc)(年)
  C   25   25   50   25   >1000
  D   37.5   12.5   50   11   >>1000
  G   27.5   27.5   45   8   65
  H   48   12   40   7   26
所有实例C,D,G和H在λ=670nm时其Ra和Rc分别为16%和6%。实例C,D,G和H都位于图1的Ga-In-Sb三元组成图中四方形的区域之内。所述区域具有以下顶点T,U,V和W:
Ga36In10Sb54           (T)
Ga10In36Sb54           (U)
Ga52In10Sb38               (W)。
在实例D中,将邻近记录层4的第一介质层3的材料用化合物SiH0.1来代替,其厚度降到65nm,记录层厚度增加到31nm,非晶反射Ra增加到21%。这具有另外一个的优点就是光学对比度较高。而且由于记录层4的厚度较大,CET由11ns缩短到7ns。在此情况下非晶反射大于结晶反射。这通常称为由低到高的调制。
也有可能获得由高到低的调制,此时写入的非晶标记具有比其结晶环境低些的反射。堆叠层2具有:30nm(或117nm)厚的SiH0.1第一介质层3;31nm厚的成分D的记录层4;20nm厚的由(ZnS)80(SiO2)20制成的第二介质层5;和由Ag构成的100nm厚的金属反射层6,其Ra为6%和Rc为16%,与前一段中说明的堆叠层相比,恰好相反。
在图3中,用激光束10作高速记录的可重写光学数据存储介质具有衬底1和其上的堆叠层2。堆叠层2具有:(ZnS)80(SiO2)20制成的第一介质层3,厚度为117nm;(ZnS)80(SiO2)20制成的第二介质层5,厚度为17nm;以及具有含Ga、In和Sb合金的相变材料的记录层4。记录层4的厚度为25nm,夹在第一介质层3和第二介质层5之间。记录层4与附加的各为3nm厚的两个SiC层3’和5’相接触。合金中Ga、In和Sb的比例在图1的三元组成图中用点C,D,G和H代表。准确的成分示于表1。对于记录层4的成分与例C相同的这样的堆叠层,测得的CET为12ns,比图2的可重写光学数据存储介质(其中没有附加的SiC层3’和5’)的25ns的CET要短很多。介质层3和5的厚度减少3nm,以保持SiC层3’和5’以及介质层3和5的总厚度不变。
图4示出在较高温度(℃)下测得的合金A,B,C,G,H,I和J的数据稳定性或结晶时间(tc)的曲线图。D,E和F的稳定性在30℃时大于1000年,图4中未示出。用外推法可以估算较低温度下的稳定性。外推曲线是基于这样一种假设:即结晶时间与绝对温度(K)的倒数有一种对数关系。测量写入标记的结晶情况。通常稳定性基于倒数有一种对数关系。测量写入标记的结晶情况。通常稳定性基于上述淀积的非晶态层,但常导致太高的稳定值。这是因为写入的非晶标记含有比上述淀积的非晶态层多得多的成核点,这就提高了结晶速度。用以下过程作写入标记的结晶情况测量。在玻璃衬底上溅射所述堆叠层,并用激光初始化圆盘的平的部分。在已初始化的部分以螺旋方式连续写入DVD密度载流子。把从圆盘上切割下的小片放入炉中,随后在某一特定温度下使非晶标记结晶,同时用大的激光点(λ=670nm)监测反射。
比较例A,B,E,F,I和J(不根据本发明)
表2列出了不根据本发明的实例结果。
表2实例     Ga(at.%)     In(at.%)     Sb(at.%)   CET(ns)   30℃时外推数据稳定度(tc)(年)
  A   0   50   50   65   0.02
  B   12.5   37.5   50   17   3
  E   50   0   50   7   >>1000
  F   22.5   22.5   55   73   >1000
  I   56   10   34   7   0.07
  J   10   40   50   25   0.6
实例A,B,I和J示出稳定性在30℃时都少于10年。实例E和F的稳定性在30℃时都大于10年,但却分别有低激光写入灵敏度和高CET的缺点。表2的组成位于四方形TUVW的区域之外。
应当指出,上述实施例只是说明而不是限制本发明,本专业的技术人员可以设计出许多变更的实施例而不背离所附权利要求的范围。在权利要求书中,括弧中的任何参考符号都不应被认为是限制件或步骤。在元件前“一个”这个字不排除存在有多个这种元件。在相互不同的权利要求中提出的某些措施并不表明这些措施就不能有利地组合使用。
按照本发明,提供了在30℃时数据稳定性可达10年或更长的一种可重写相变光学数据存储介质,适用于直接重写以及高速记录,例如CD-RW高速,DVD+RW,DVD-RW,DVD-RAM,DVR-红和蓝。

Claims (9)

1.一种用激光束(10)作高速记录的可重写光学数据存储介质(20),所述介质(20)具有衬底(1)和其上的堆叠层(2),所述堆叠层(2)包括第一介质层(3)、第二介质层(5)和具有包含Ga、In和Sb合金的相变材料的记录层(4),所述记录层(4)夹在所述第一介质层(3)和所述第二介质层(5)之间,其特征在于:
所述合金中Ga、In和Sb的比例在以原子百分比表示的Ga-In-Sb三元组成图(30)中用一个区域来代表,所述区域是具有以下T,U,V和W顶点的四边形:
Ga36In10Sb54                (T)
Ga10In36Sb54                (U)
Ga26In36Sb38                (V)
Ga52In10Sb38                (W)
2.如权利要求1所述的光学数据存储介质(20),其特征在于:所述合金中Ga、In和Sb的比例在以原子百分比表示的Ga-In-Sb三元组成图(30)中用一个区域来代表,所述区域是具有以下T,X,Y和Z顶点的四边形:
Ga36In10Sb54             (T)
Ga14In32Sb54             (X)
Ga25In32Sb43             (Y)
Ga47In10Sb43             (Z)
3.如权利要求1或2所述的光学数据存储介质(20),其特征在于:所述第一介质层(3)包括化合物SiHy、邻近所述记录层(4),式中y满足0≤y≤0.5。
4.如权利要求3所述的光学数据存储介质(20),其特征在于:所述记录层(4)的厚度至少为30nm。
5.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的光学数据存储介质(20),其特征在于:所述记录层(4)与至少一个厚度在2和8nm之间的附加碳化物层(3’,5’)相接触。
6.如权利要求5所述的光学数据存储介质(20),其特征在于:所述碳化物层(3’,5’)包括SiC。
7.如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的光学数据存储介质(20),其特征在于:在远离所述第一介质层(3)一侧邻近所述第二介质层(5)处有金属反射层(6)。
8.如权利要求7所述的光学数据存储介质(20),其特征在于:所述金属反射层(6)包含从包括Al,Ti,Au,Ag,Cu,Pt,Pd,Ni,Cr,Mo,W和Ta的组中选择的至少一种金属,包括这些金属的合金。
9.把如权利要求1-8中任一项所述的光学数据存储介质(20)用于高数据速率和高数据稳定性记录。
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