CN1143288C - 可改写的光学信息介质 - Google Patents

可改写的光学信息介质 Download PDF

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CN1143288C
CN1143288C CNB988040948A CN98804094A CN1143288C CN 1143288 C CN1143288 C CN 1143288C CN B988040948 A CNB988040948 A CN B988040948A CN 98804094 A CN98804094 A CN 98804094A CN 1143288 C CN1143288 C CN 1143288C
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周国富
J���Ÿ���˹
B·A·J·雅各布斯
N
J·C·N·里珀斯
H·J·波尔格
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种可改写的光学信息介质,该介质具有基于Ge-Sb-Te-O合金的相变记录层(3),其组成为(GeaSbbTec)1-dOd,其中a+b+c=1,0.0001≤d≤0.035。添加氧明显地加速Ge-Sb-Te材料的结晶速率。这种介质适用于高速率记录(即至少8倍于CD速度),例如用于DVD-RAM和光带。介质层(3)中的含氧量可用于调整结晶速率以达到预定值。

Description

可改写的光学信息介质
本发明涉及利用激光束可擦除高速记录的光学信息介质,所述介质包括载有堆积层的衬底,该堆积层顺序包括第一介质层;含由Ge、Sb、Te和O组成的化合物的相变材料记录层;第二介质层和金属反射镜层。
本发明还涉及在高存储密度和高数据率应用中这种光学记录介质的使用。
基于相变原理的光学信息或数据存储是引人注目的,因其兼有直接重写(DOW)和容易与只读系统兼容的高存储密度的可能性。相变光学记录包括在薄结晶膜中使用聚焦激光束形成亚微米尺寸的非晶记录标志。在记录信息期间,介质相对于聚焦激光束移动,该聚焦激光束按照要被记录的信息进行调制。由此,在相变记录层中发生猝灭(quenching),致使在未曝光区域内保持结晶的记录层的曝光区域中形成非晶信息位。通过用相同的激光加热使其再结晶可实现写入的非晶标志的擦除。非晶标志代表数据位,用低功率的聚焦激光束可通过衬底再生该数据位。相对于结晶记录层的非晶标志的反射差产生被调制的激光束,随后按照被编码的、被记录的数字信息,由检测器将该激光束转换为调制的光电流。
高速相变光学记录的主要问题之一是要求的擦除(再结晶)速度。在例如盘形DVD-RAM和光带等的高密度记录和高数据率应用中,特别要求高结晶速度,其中完全结晶时间(完全擦除时间:CET)必须短于50ns。如果结晶速度没有高到足以与相对于激光束的介质的线速度匹配,那么在DOW期间,在先记录的旧数据(非晶标志)不能被完全去除(被再结晶)。这将引起高噪声电平。
在开篇中所述的这种光学信息介质披露于美国专利US5100700中。已知的该相变型介质包括载有堆积层的衬底,该堆积层顺序包括第一介质层或保护层;氧含量在5~20原子%之间的相变Ge-Sb-Te化合物的记录层;第二介质层和金属反射层。这样的堆积层可被称为(S)IPIM结构,其中S表示衬底,M表示反射或反射镜层,I表示介质层和P表示相变记录层。所述专利没有公开有关CET或擦除速度的任何准则。
正如下面所示的那样,在记录层中这种较高的氧浓度不仅对CET值有不利影响,而且对例如失稳和可循环性等其它重要的参数也有不利影响。可循环性表示重复的写入(非晶化)和擦除(再结晶)操作的最大数,其中例如失稳或记录介质反射的变化保持在特定值以下。
本发明的目的在于提供特别适于例如DVD-RAM和光带等的有50ns或更短的CET值的高速光学记录的可改写的光学信息介质。在本文中高速记录被理解为相对于激光束的介质的线速度至少为7.2m/s,该速度为按照Compact Disc标准的速度的六倍。最好,CET值应低于45ns,这对9.6m/s的线速度是必需的,该速度相应于CD速度的8倍,或者甚至在35ns以下,这对14.4m/s的线速度是必需的,该速度相应于CD速度的12倍。介质的失稳应该在低的恒定值。并且,介质应该有良好的可循环性。
按照本发明用开篇中所述的光学信息介质可实现这些目的,所述光学信息介质的特征在于,在记录层中的化合物有的组成为(GeaSbbTec)1-dOd
其中:a+b+c=1
      0.0001≤d≤0.035;
-厚度为70~(70+λ/2n)nm的第一介质层,
其中λ为激光束的波长,n为该层的折射率;
-厚度为10~35nm的记录层;
-厚度为10~50nm的第二介质层;
-厚度为60~160nm的金属反射镜层。
已发现基于Ge-Sb-Te的化合物,当将氧以0.01~3.5原子%,最好是0.1~2.0原子%的少量添加到化合物中时,CET值可急剧减小。由于获得记录层的工艺气氛,例如在其中不可避免地存在氧本底压力的惰性气体气氛中通过溅射来获得记录层时,因而几乎不能获得较低的氧值。氧浓度在3.5原子%以上时,记录层的CET值上升到50ns以上,并对失稳和DOW可循环性有不利影响。此外,在DOW期间非晶和晶体反射的最大变化变得不能被接受。并且,当含氧量太高时,因容易形成氧化物,因而记录的数据(非晶标志)将变得不稳定。
对于添加氧的Ge-Sb-Te化合物而言,可使用各种各样的组成。例如在美国专利5289453中所披露的那些。所述专利披露了位于三角形三元Ge-Sb-Te组成相图中的区域内的化合物GexSbyTez,其中原子百分比x、y和z满足45#z#55.5,0.5#y/((x+y)≤0.72和x+y+z=100。
在由本申请人申请的未提前公开的国际专利申请IB97/00677(PHN15881)中描述的化合物是特别有用的。这些化合物的组成按原子百分比由下列化学式限定:
Ge50xSb40-40xTe60-10x,其中0.166≤x≤0.444。这些组成位于三角形Ge-Sb-Te组成相图中连接化合物GeTe和Sb2Te3的线上,并包括化学计量化合物Ge2Sb2Te5(x=0.445),GeSb2Te4(x=0.286)和GeSb4Te7(x=0.166)。这些化合物显示低于100ns的低CET值。
在由本申请人申请的未提前公开的申请号为97203459.9(PHN 16586)的欧洲专利申请中描述了优选的化合物。这些化合物的组成按原子百分比由三元组成相图Ge-Sb-Te中的区域所限定,所述区域为具有下列顶点的五边形区域:
    Ge14.2Sb25.8Te60.0      (P)
    Ge12.7Sb27.3Te60.0       (Q)
    Ge13.4Sb29.2Te57.4       (R)
    Ge15.1Sb27.8Te57.1       (S)
    Ge13.2Sb26.4Te60.4       (T);
用这些化合物可实现CET值低于50ns。
特别有用的是有下列组成的化合物:
             (GeSb2Te4)1-xTex
其中摩尔份数x满足:0.01≤x≤0.37。这些组成位于三元组成相图中连接GeSb2Te4和Te的连线上,但处于五边形区域PQRST内。用这些化合物可实现CET值低于45ns。
当将按照本发明范围内的氧添加至上述Ge-Sb-Te化合物中时,可获得甚至更低的CET值。
第一介质层即在衬底与相变记录层之间的层保护记录层免受湿气和保护衬底免受热损伤,并且使光学对比度最佳。从失稳的观点来看,第一介质层的厚度至少为70nm较好。从光学对比度的观点来看,该层的厚度应限于(70+λ/2n)nm,其中λ为激光束的波长,n为第一介质层的折射率。
上述Ge-Sb-Te-O化合物的CET值取决于记录层的层厚度。当层厚度增加到10nm时,CET迅速减小。当记录层厚度大于25nm时,CET基本上与厚度无关。在35nm以上时,对介质的可循环性有不利影响。通过在大量的DOW循环例如105之后的光学对比度的相对变化测量介质的可循环性。在每一循环中,通过用激光束加热实现的再结晶擦除写入的非晶位,同时写入新的非晶标志。在理想情况下,循环后的光学对比度保持不变。其可循环性直到35nm的记录层层厚度实际上为恒定。作为兼顾有关CET和可循环性要求的结果,记录层的厚度应该在10~35nm之间的范围内,在20~35nm之间较好,在25~35nm之间更好。具有厚度在25与35nm之间的记录层的介质在第一个105DOW循环期间有恒定的低失稳。
发现第二介质层即在记录层与金属反射镜层之间的层的最佳厚度范围在10~50nm之间,在20~40nm之间更好。当该层太薄时,对在记录层与金属反射镜层之间的热绝缘有不利影响。结果,记录层的冷却速率增加,这导致结晶过程变慢和可循环性变差。通过增加第二介质层的厚度可降低冷却速率。
CET值对于在20~200nm范围内的金属反射镜层的厚度不敏感。但是当金属反射层薄于60nm时,会因冷却速率太慢,因而对可循环性产生不利影响。当金属反射镜层厚度为160nm或更厚时,可循环性进一步劣化,因热传增加因而记录和擦除功率必须增高。金属反射镜层的厚度在80~120nm之间较好。
第一和第二介质层可以由ZnS和SiO2的混合物例如(ZnS)80(SiO2)20构成。可采用的还有例如SiO2、TiO2、ZnS、AlN、Si3N4和Ta2O5。最好,使用象SiC、WC、TaC、ZrC或TiC之类的碳化物。相对于ZnS-SiO2混合物来说,这些材料给出了较高的结晶速度和较好的可循环性。
对于金属反射镜层来说,可使用诸如Al、Ti、Au、Ag、Cu、Rh、Pt、Pd、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Mo、W、Hf和Ta之类的金属,并包括其合金。合适的合金实例是AlTi、AlCr和AlTa。
可以通过汽相淀积或溅射提供反射层和介质层。
信息介质的衬底至少对激光波长是透明的,并且由例如聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、非晶聚烯或玻璃等构成。在典型的实例中,衬底是盘形的并且其直径为120mm、厚度为0.1、0.6或1.2mm。
或者,衬底也可为合成树脂柔性带,例如由聚酯膜制备。在这种方式中将获得用于光带记录器中的光带,例如该记录器基于快速旋转多边形。在这种装置中,反射的激光束横向扫描过带表面。
在记录层侧的盘形衬底表面最好配备可被光学扫描的伺服道。该伺服道常常由螺旋形凹槽构成,在喷射铸造或压制期间利用模具形成于衬底中。可以另一种方法以复制工艺在例如丙烯酸酯UV光固化层的合成树脂层中形成该凹槽,在衬底上单独地提供该层。在高密度记录中这种凹槽的节距例如为0.6~0.8μm,宽度为0.5μm。
还可以利用例如UV光固化聚甲基丙烯酸酯的保护层,可使堆积层的最外层不受环境的影响。
使用例如具有675nm或更短波长的短波长(红-蓝)激光可实现高密度记录和擦除。
通过真空淀积、电子束真空淀积、化学汽相淀积、离子镀敷或溅射可将相变记录层涂敷于衬底上。当采用溅射时,可使用有预定含氧量的溅射靶,或使用Ge-Sb-Te靶,从而控制在溅射气体中的氧量。实际上,在溅射气体中的氧浓度将在几乎为0与1%(体积)之间。作为淀积的层是非晶的并呈现低反射。为了构成具有高反射的合适记录层,该层必须首先被完全晶化,通常称其为初始化。为此目的,可在炉中加热记录层达到Ge-Sb-Te-O化合物的结晶温度之上的温度,例如180℃。合成树脂衬底,例如聚碳酸酯,可按另一种方法用足够功率的激光束进行加热。这可例如在记录器中实现,在该情况下激光束扫描移动的记录层。然后局部加热非晶层达到使该层晶化所需的温度,而不会使衬底受到不利的热负荷。
如果需要,可在衬底与第一介质层之间插入附加的薄金属和介质层,由此形成所谓的(S)IMIPIM结构。尽管该结构变得更复杂,但附加的金属层增加了记录层的泠却速率以及光学对比度。
当上述材料用于堆积层II+PI+IM或II+PIM中时,可进一步地增加结晶速度,其中I+是碳化物、氮化物或氧化物。实验显示II+PI+IM堆积层的CET比IPIM堆积层的CET的70%还要小。
借助示例性实施例并参照附图将更详细地描述本发明,其中:
图1表示按照本发明的光学信息介质的示意性剖面图,
图2表示完全擦除时间(CET,单位:ns)对记录介质层中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系,
图3表示成核时间t(单位:ns)和CET(单位:ns)对记录介质层中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系,
图4表示在1000DOW循环之后,失稳J(单位:%Tc)对记录介质层中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系,
图5表示DOW循环数n与记录层中[O]原子%的函数关系,
图6表示结晶温度Tx(℃)与[O](单位:原子%)的函数关系,
图7表示晶体反射R的相对变化R4000/R0与记录介质层中[O](原子%)的函数关系,和
图8表示成核时间t(单位:ns)和CET(单位:ns)与记录层中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系。
示例性实施例1
图1示意性表示按照本发明的光学信息盘剖面的一部分。参考标号1表示其直径为120mm和厚度为1.2mm的聚碳酸酯盘形衬底。衬底1配有下列结构的IPIM堆积层:
-厚度d2=135nm的(ZnS)80(SiO2)20的第一介质层2,
-厚度d3=27nm的Ge-Sb-Te-O合金的记录层3,
-厚度d4=26nm的(ZnS)80(SiO2)20的第二介质层4,
-厚度d5=80nm的Al金属反射镜层5。
用溅射法提供所有的层。通过将一定的氧添加到氩溅射气体中来控制记录层3中的含氧量。淀积含氧量在0.01~7.0原子%之间的记录层。通过XRF分析和俄歇发射光谱学可确定记录层3中的含氧量。当溅射气体中未添加氧时,在记录层3中的氧量低于0.01原子%。记录层3的组成按原子百分比为:Ge13.75Sb27.40Te58.85。该组成相应于上述未提前公开的申请号为97203459.9(PHN16586)的欧洲专利申请中的实例2。  当氧被添加到记录层中时,组成(四舍五入)变为(Ge0.14Sb0.27Te0.59)1-dOd
在记录器中用聚焦的激光束加热原淀积非晶合金,获得记录层3的初始结晶态。
用于信息的记录、再生和擦除的激光束通过衬底1进入记录层3。用箭头6示意性地表示该光束。用功率Pw=1.25Pm(Pm=熔化阈值功率)和持续时间100ns的单激光脉冲写入非晶标志。擦除功率为Pw/2。
图2中的曲线A表示完全擦除时间(CET,单位:ns)对记录层3中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系。CET值被确定为静态测量的用于使写入结晶环境中的非晶标志完全结晶的擦除脉冲的最小持续时间。没有添加氧的记录层的CET值为43ns。对记录层附加直至2原子%的氧(d=0.02)可使CET减小到33ns,该值对14.4m/s的线速度来说足够低,或者为按照CD标准的速度的12倍。
图3中的曲线C表示成核时间t(单位:ns)对记录层中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系。成核时间是可观察到初次微晶之前经过的时间,该时间短于完全结晶(曲线A)所需的时间。图3中,曲线A表示CET(单位:ns),其与图2中的曲线相同。可以看出,成核时间几乎与[O]无关。
图4表示对于两种不同的记录速度,在1000DOW循环之后失稳J(单位:%Tc)对记录层中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系,其中用曲线D表示以7.2m/s速度(6倍于CD速度)和用曲线E表示以9.6m/s速度(8倍于CD速度)。在DOW期间,写入新的非晶位,同时在相同激光点通过期间使新的非晶位之间的区域晶化。作为在记录标志边缘与相应于被恢复的数据时钟时间的部位之间的差的标准偏差的失稳是用于判断光盘可循环性的标准参数。失稳必须在按CD速度(1.2m/s;时钟时间230ns)的时钟时间Tc的13%以下,即30ns。测量标志的前沿和后沿。对该实验,提供在衬底一面上有以凹槽形式的螺旋形伺服道的光盘,并在记录器中初始化。用复制工艺在丙烯酸酯UV光固化层中设置凹槽。由图4可知,通过大于0.5%绝对Tc,即表示可记录较短的沟道位,从而能够减小DOW的失稳。对于希望实现较高的切线记录密度来说,这是非常重要的。
图5表示DOW的循环数n与记录层中[O](原子%)的函数关系。数n被定义为当按7.2m/s的线速度失稳达到13%Tc时DOW的循环数。该曲线表明通过将2原子%的氧加到记录层中可使DOW循环数提高到3倍。
在图6中,曲线A表示结晶温度Tx(℃)与[O](单位:原子%)的函数关系。它表示Tx明显增加,这意味着可实现较小的信迹节距而不会增加交叉擦除(cross-erasure)。
图7表示晶体反射R的相对变化R4000/R0与[O](原子%)的函数关系,其中R4000是在4000次循环之后的晶体反射,R0是在0次循环的晶体反射。在每一循环中,用激光束加热进行再结晶来擦除已写入的非晶位,同时写入新的非晶标志。在理想情况下,反射R在循环之后保持不变。由于实际的原因,相对变化最好应该低于15%。根据该曲线由此得出,[O]应该低于3原子%。
示例性实施例2
重复示例性实施例1,使用有组成为(Ge0.15Sb0.29Te0.56)1-dOd的记录层3。由于未加氧,该组成相应于上述未提前公开的申请号为97203459.9(PHN 16586)的欧洲专利申请中的实例17。
图2中的曲线B表示完全擦除时间(CET,单位:ns)对记录层3中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系。在没有添加氧的情况下记录层的CET值为75ns。对记录层添加直至2原子%的氧(d=0.02)可使CET减小到43ns,该值对9.6m/s的线速度来说足够低,或者为按照CD标准的速度的8倍。
在图6中,曲线B表示结晶温度Tx(℃)与[O](单位:原子%)的函数关系。它表明当[O]增加时Tx明显增加,这意味着可实现较小的信迹节距而不会增加交叉擦除。
图8表示成核时间t(单位:ns)对记录层中氧浓度[O](单位:原子%)的依赖关系。曲线B表示CET(单位:ns),其与图2中的曲线相同。
按照本发明,提供了可改写的相变光学信息介质,例如DVD-RAM或光带,它们有50ns或更小的CET值,适于直接重写和高速记录,并表现出良好的可循环性和以7.2m/s或更大的线速度下的低失稳。添加氧明显地加速Ge-Sb-Te材料的结晶速率,因而这些材料可用于高数据率记录。因此,Ge-Sb-Te的含氧量可用于调整结晶速率以达到预定值。

Claims (7)

1.一种利用激光束可擦除高速记录的光学信息介质,所述介质包括载有堆积层的衬底,该堆积层顺序包括第一介质层;含由Ge、Sb、Te和O组成的化合物的相变材料记录层;第二介质层和金属反射镜层,其特征在于,
-该化合物的组成为(GeaSbbTec)1-dOd
其中:a+b+c=1
      0.0001≤d≤0.035
-厚度为70~(70+λ/2n)nm的第一介质层,
其中λ为激光束的波长,n为该层的折射率;
-厚度为10~35nm的记录层;
-厚度为10~50nm的第二介质层;
-厚度为60~160nm的金属反射镜层。
2.如权利要求1所述的光学信息介质,其特征在于,在该化合物中:0.001≤d≤0.020。
3.如权利要求1所述的光学信息介质,其特征在于,记录层的厚度为20~35nm,最好是25~35nm。
4.如权利要求1所述的光学信息介质,其特征在于,第二介质层的厚度为20~40nm。
5.如权利要求1所述的光学信息介质,其特征在于,金属反射镜层的厚度为80和120nm。
6.如权利要求1所述的光学信息介质,其特征在于,金属反射镜层包括选自Al、Ti、Au、Ag、Cu、Rh、Pt、Pd、Ni、Co、Mn、Cr、Mo、W、Hf和Ta以及其合金中的至少一种金属。
7.如权利要求1所述的光学信息介质,其特征在于,衬底为盘或带。
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