CN1458393A - 陶瓷涡轮罩 - Google Patents

陶瓷涡轮罩 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1458393A
CN1458393A CN03131294A CN03131294A CN1458393A CN 1458393 A CN1458393 A CN 1458393A CN 03131294 A CN03131294 A CN 03131294A CN 03131294 A CN03131294 A CN 03131294A CN 1458393 A CN1458393 A CN 1458393A
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gas turbine
ceramic
cover
pin
inner cover
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CN100335752C (zh
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E·L·麦克格拉斯
G·S·科尔曼
A·J·德安
M·S·施罗德尔
C·B·吉奥马卡斯
T·R·法雷尔
K·L·帕克斯
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
    • F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/246—Fastening of diaphragms or stator-rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有金属外罩(12)和陶瓷内罩(10)的燃气涡轮。陶瓷内罩(10)由承载在外罩(12)上的钩件(14，16)固定在外罩(12)上。外罩(12)上的钩件(14，16)涂覆TBC。销和弹簧结构(18)设置成保持陶瓷内罩(10)压靠外罩(12)的前钩件。防转销(26)设置成夹持陶瓷内罩(10)的后弯曲部压靠外罩(12)的后钩件(16)。燃气涡轮还包括布置在外罩(12)内的热屏蔽件(22)和陶瓷内罩之间以便为内罩(10)提供缓冲的缓冲弹簧和销结构(28)。

Description

陶瓷涡轮罩
技术领域
本发明涉及燃气涡轮罩，本发明尤其涉及由陶瓷材料制成的陶瓷涡轮罩。
背景技术
工业燃气涡轮通常具有设计成不具有连接在涡轮翼面件上的流动导向罩的第一级涡轮部段，静止的涡轮罩实施以下功能，即在适当的环形区域内保持热燃烧气体，因此保持流动路径压力，同时涡轮翼面件可适当汲取能量。该罩通过紧密地控制罩的内表面和涡轮翼面件的尖顶之间的间隙来实施该功能。
传统金属涡轮罩具有温度限制，该限制需要燃气涡轮操作气流将罩冷却并保持在临界温度极限之下。此冷却空气源来自压缩机的排放口，它没有来自燃烧室的能量添加其中。但是，偏转空气来冷却涡轮内罩降低了燃气涡轮的效率。
另外，需要相对大量的金属内罩，使得可以在内罩之间获得相对大量的膨胀间隙以便消除金属内罩的热膨胀效应。
发明内容
用更高温度的陶瓷内罩代替金属内罩基本上降低或甚至消除了冷却空气流的需要。消除用冷却空气降低罩温度的需要使得更多的空气进入燃烧室并具有添加其中的燃料能量，使得涡轮部段可汲取该能量。由于此额外量的燃烧空气，燃气涡轮可汲取更多的能量来驱动发电机，因此产生更多电能并且燃气涡轮效率更高(简单和组合的循环)。因此，用更高温度的合成陶瓷罩代替现有的金属内罩用来消除或减少冷却空气的需要。
使用具有更高温度能力的陶瓷罩可同样使得所使用的内罩量比现有金属结构少。本发明可实现部件更少、泄漏路径更少并且燃烧温度能力更高。
附图说明
图1是本发明示例性实施例的截面图；以及
图2是沿图2-2线的局部截面图；
图3是图2的周向展开的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1表示沿燃气涡轮的空气流动方向上的合成陶瓷内罩结构的截面图。使用本领域技术人员公知的处理方法采用连续纤维合成陶瓷(CFCC)材料制成内罩10。外罩12可由金属制成。内罩10的前和后端弯曲成离开图1中沿内罩10从左到右的流动路径，同时沿流动路径的表面形状与现有通用电气公司的“F”级燃气涡轮第一级罩的型廓相同。
如图2和3所示，通常多个内罩与一外罩12相关联。内罩10相互叠置以便密封不使热燃烧气体侵入。在图3中，例如对于每个金属外罩12示出三个陶瓷内罩10。但实际上本发明对于每个金属外罩12可使用少于三个陶瓷内罩10。外罩12在其之间具有比内罩10大的间隙，以便允许金属外罩12的膨胀更大。
内罩10分别由连接到外罩12上的前后钩件14和16固定。暴露于流动路径的前后钩件14和16的表面设置热阻挡涂层(TBC)来提供隔热。TBC的薄涂层施加在外罩12上以便用作金属部件和CFCC部件之间的接触区域界面。这是所需要的，从而防止由于接触金属离子造成的CFCC的破坏和腐蚀。
销和弹簧结构18保持内罩10压靠外罩12的前钩件14。销和弹簧结构18包括金属销20，该销通过外罩12和热屏蔽件22向下到内罩10的向前弯曲部的上表面。金属销20的头部同样进行TBC涂层以便在金属和陶瓷表面之间提供隔离。销和弹簧结构18包括密封环件24，该环件的功能与自动活塞环类似以便防止热燃烧气体接触弹簧结构。需要热屏蔽件22保护低温合金外罩12不受热燃烧气体的影响。
金属防转销26将内罩10的后弯曲部夹持压靠外罩12的后钩件16上。防转销26通过外罩12和热屏蔽件22，并安装在内罩10后端的顶部内的TBC涂层凹入部中。将销26插入该凹入部防止内罩10的横向(周向)运动。
缓冲弹簧和销结构28定位在热屏蔽件22的中央和内罩10之间以便提供内罩10的缓冲。如图2所示，缓冲弹簧和销结构28包括销32、弹簧34和片状密封件36。如图2和3清楚所示，多个缓冲弹簧和销组件28周向布置在内罩10和热屏蔽件22之间。
为清楚起见，片状密封件36只在图2所示。片状密封件36与缓冲弹簧和销结构28相结合以便减少通过涡轮尖顶的热燃烧气体量。此密封件与使用在GE空气发动机和9/7H燃气涡轮的类型相同。
由外罩12实施的附加功能是与来自第一级喷嘴(未示出)的轴向负载反作用并提供用于第一级喷嘴的弦铰链密封件30的密封表面。弦铰链密封件30将压缩机的排放流密封不使其泄漏到气体流中。除了形成内罩10的前钩件1之外，弦铰链密封件30实施以下功能，即将第一级喷嘴的负载作用到外罩12上，继而作用在外壳体上。弦铰链密封件30同样提供用于外罩12的密封表面并通过沉头螺栓头部紧固并固定就位(未示出)。
在本发明结合当前认为是最实用和优选实施例进行描述的同时，将理解到本发明不局限于所披露的实施例，相反，本发明意欲将多种变型和等同结构包含在所附权利要求的精神和范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种具有多个内罩(10)和外罩(12)的燃气涡轮，其中所述多个内罩(10)由陶瓷材料制成。
2.如权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮，其特征在于，所述陶瓷材料是连续纤维合成陶瓷。
3.如权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮，其特征在于，所述多个外罩(12)由金属制成，并且在陶瓷/金属界面处使用热阻挡涂层。
4.如权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮，其特征在于，每个所述多个外罩(12)具有将所述多个内罩(10)的某一个固定到所述多个外罩(12)之一上的前和后钩件。
5.如权利要求4所述的燃气涡轮，其特征在于，所述前钩件(14)和后钩件(16)的表面涂覆有热阻挡涂层。
6.如权利要求4所述的燃气涡轮，其特征在于，其还包括多个销和弹簧结构(18)，该结构用于保持每个所述多个陶瓷内罩(10)压靠所述多个外罩(12)的相应之一的所述前钩件(14)上。
7.如权利要求4所述的的燃气涡轮，其特征在于，其还包括多个防转销(26)，该销用于固定每个所述多个陶瓷内罩(10)压靠所述多个外罩(12)的相应之一的所述后钩件(16)上。
8.如权利要求1所述的燃气涡轮，其特征在于，其还包括布置在每个所述多个外罩(12)内的热屏蔽件(22)和多个缓冲弹簧和销结构(28)，每个所述多个缓冲弹簧和销结构(28)设置在所述多个内罩(10)之一的内表面和所述热屏蔽件(22)之间。
9.一种燃气涡轮，其包括：
一包括前钩件(14)和后钩件(16)的金属外罩(12)；
一陶瓷内罩(10)；
一保持所述陶瓷内罩(10)压靠所述所述金属外罩(12)的所述前钩件(14)的销和弹簧结构(18)；
一固定所述陶瓷内罩(10)压靠所述所述金属外罩(12)的所述后钩件(16)的防转销(26)；以及
一固定在布置在所述金属外罩(12)内的热屏蔽件(22)和所述陶瓷内罩(10)的内表面之间的缓冲弹簧和销组件(28)。
10.如权利要求9所述的燃气涡轮，其特征在于，在陶瓷/金属界面处设置热阻挡涂层。
CNB031312942A 2002-05-15 2003-05-13 陶瓷涡轮罩 Expired - Fee Related CN100335752C (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/144,851 US6726448B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2002-05-15 Ceramic turbine shroud
US10/144851 2002-05-15

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CN1458393A true CN1458393A (zh) 2003-11-26
CN100335752C CN100335752C (zh) 2007-09-05

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EP (1) EP1362983B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4308574B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100776072B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN100335752C (zh)
AT (1) ATE437294T1 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ302320B6 (zh)
DE (1) DE60328432D1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2327726T3 (zh)
RU (1) RU2312224C2 (zh)

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JP4308574B2 (ja) 2009-08-05
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US6726448B2 (en) 2004-04-27
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US20030215328A1 (en) 2003-11-20
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CZ2003887A3 (cs) 2003-12-17
CN100335752C (zh) 2007-09-05

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