CN1440850A - 用于加工具有直的表面凹槽的工件的方法 - Google Patents

用于加工具有直的表面凹槽的工件的方法 Download PDF

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CN1440850A
CN1440850A CN03106398A CN03106398A CN1440850A CN 1440850 A CN1440850 A CN 1440850A CN 03106398 A CN03106398 A CN 03106398A CN 03106398 A CN03106398 A CN 03106398A CN 1440850 A CN1440850 A CN 1440850A
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workpiece
cutter
axis
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于尔根·瓦尔茨
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Czerbst Machinery & Tool Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C3/00Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/28Grooving workpieces
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/408Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by data handling or data format, e.g. reading, buffering or conversion of data
    • G05B19/4086Coordinate conversions; Other special calculations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49113Align elements like hole and drill, centering tool, probe, workpiece
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49121C-axis for turning, fifth axis for milling
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49313Machining about eccentric center different from rotational center of workpiece
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50053Machine non circular, non-round cross section, hexagonal, rectangular
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50054Drill on skew surface
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50213Grooving of different forms or parallel to each other, grooving cycle
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50353Tool, probe inclination, orientation to surface, posture, attitude
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/03Processes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/08Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to regulate operation by use of templet, tape, card, or other replaceable information supply
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T408/00Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/91Machine frame
    • Y10T408/93Machine frame including pivotally mounted tool-carrier
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/30084Milling with regulation of operation by templet, card, or other replaceable information supply
    • Y10T409/30112Process
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/303752Process
    • Y10T409/303808Process including infeeding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T409/00Gear cutting, milling, or planing
    • Y10T409/30Milling
    • Y10T409/304088Milling with means to remove chip

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

用于加工具有直的表面凹槽的工件的方法,所述表面凹槽为左偏及右偏倾斜结构,其特征主要在于,为了加工,首先调准刀具的偏角,然后使工件和刀具的两直角坐标系相互相对转动,直到刀具轴线在X-Y平面上的投影平行于一假想的机床坐标系的主轴,并且在倾斜角为0°时只通过刀具和工件沿Z轴方向的相对移动进行加工,而在倾斜角±>0°时只通过沿机床坐标系的全部三个轴线的相对移动进行加工,并且使刀具相对于工件对于正倾斜角在一侧而对于负倾斜角在镜象对置的另一侧进入作用。

Description

用于加工具有直的表面凹槽的工件的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于加工具有直的表面凹槽的工件的方法,例如加工具有非圆形横截面的槽的工件之方法,其中为了得到所要求的横截面,将刀具轴线在机床的直角坐标系中相对于Z轴调整到一偏角,并且为了加工在工件轴线与表面凹槽的纵轴线之间具有一倾斜角的表面凹槽,沿Z轴方向和根据倾斜角也沿机床直角坐标系的X方向进行工件与刀具之间的相对移动,其中还通过沿C轴方向工件与刀具之间的相对转动实现从一个表面凹槽换到下一个具有相同倾斜角的表面凹槽。
背景技术
在由本申请人已实施的这类方法中,已表明不利的是,在加工相对于工件轴线具有不同的倾斜角的表面凹槽时必须改变刀具的方向,这得为刀具附加设置转向轴,而需要相应的结构上的费用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,降低结构上的费用并对此仍能只通过刀具与工件之间在机床的直角坐标系的范围内的直线相对移动简单地控制加工过程。
该目的在开头所述类型的方法中按照本发明这样来达到,即,为了加工,首先调准刀具的偏角,然后使工件和刀具的直角坐标系相互相对转动,直到刀具轴线在X-Y平面上的投影平行于一假想的机床坐标系的主轴,并且在倾斜角为0°时每一表面凹槽只通过刀具和工件沿Z轴方向的相对移动进行加工,而在镜象的(spiegelbildlich)倾斜角±>0°时只通过沿机床坐标系的全部三个轴线的相对移动进行加工,并且使刀具相对于工件对于正倾斜角在一侧而对于负倾斜角在镜象对置的另一侧进入作用。
根据本发明可以制造具有各种任意倾斜角的直线表面凹槽,即具有倾斜角为0°,亦即表面凹槽的纵向方向与工件轴线方向平行延伸的表面凹槽,和具有倾斜角±>0°,即交替反向延伸的表面凹槽,而在表面凹槽具有倾斜角±>0°时无需为刀具设置一附加的转向轴并且对此加工只通过在轴X、Y和Z之间的插值法(Interpolation)进行加工表面凹槽时的控制。在特殊情况下,即表面凹槽的纵轴线平行于工件轴线的情况下,通过工件与刀具之间只沿机床坐标系的Z方向的相对移动就行了。这就实现了利用一结构上简单的机床进行简单的加工,这也如同按照EP 0926373通过旋转加工的情况,后者加工同样具有表面凹槽的,特别是具有同步活节(Gleichlaufgelenk)的部分的工件。
本发明的一特别有利的结构涉及切屑自由下落地下垂式地加工工件。下垂式加工的特殊情况是工件夹紧于一垂直设置的工作主轴上。切屑自由下落的优点是,机床的导轨和其他装置不受损伤,并且在工件上不因残留的灼热切屑产生发热的问题。垂直的工作主轴带有在这样的机床型式中的通常的优点,其例如在于,按照固定方法(Pick-Up-Verfahren)简单地操作工件是可能的。
根据按照本发明的结构设计不仅能制造左偏倾斜的表面凹槽而且能制造右偏倾斜的表面凹槽,而工件和刀具均不需要绕机床的直角坐标系的转向轴偏转。也就是说,只沿坐标系的三个轴对应的直线方向实现工件与刀具之间的移动。不过转动轴C是不可缺少的,以便继续进给工件以加工依次平行的面。
附图说明
以下借助于一个实施例更详细地说明本发明。其中:
图1为包括工作主轴的主轴箱和刀具沿X方向的简图;
图2为按照图1的简图的侧视图;
图3为一盘形凸轮的俯视图;以及
图4为按照图3的盘形凸轮的侧视图。
具体实施方式
在垂直设置的主轴箱1上设置可沿机床的垂直坐标系的Z方向移动的工作主轴2。主轴箱1借助于未示出的滑座可沿X和Y的方向移动。工件4固定于工作主轴2的夹盘3中,对其要制造直线的但沿工件轴线对置交叉的表面凹槽。使用铣刀5来制造这样的表面凹槽,所述铣刀固定于铣刀轴6中,铣刀轴固定于未示出的机床的未示出的刀具转塔刀架中并且是可驱动的。
铣刀轴6的用7标记的轴线,如图2所示,相对于由轴X和Y确定的平面具有一角度,该角度用ε标记并表示一立体角,其这样得出,即,铣刀轴相对于工件4成一偏角α以便得到非圆形的外形横截面,并有另一角度,该角度是为得到一定的倾斜角所必需的。图3和4示出构成工件的盘形凸轮4。在该工件外圆周构成有表面凹槽8,这些表面凹槽应该借助于按照图1和2的机床制造。如图4所示,这些凹槽具有左偏倾斜的和右偏倾斜的,其中各相邻的表面凹槽不同地倾斜一角度β。因此角度ε由按照偏角α和按照角度β的用于工件的铣刀角的定位得出,并在X-Z平面上的投影平面内测定并示于图2中。该角度这样得出,即,使工件的和机床的直角坐标系相对转动,直到刀具轴线在X-Y平面上的投影平行于一假想的坐标系主轴。其中该转动绕C轴进行。为了在机床操作时具有良好的可接近性,合乎目的的是,将铣刀轴设置成与操作者背向,如由图1所提供的那样。根据这样的措施,机床坐标系的X轴与工件坐标系的X轴之间形成一角度。两坐标系的Z轴相互平行延伸。在两X轴之间的这个角度在机床的控制系统中,即在软件中加以考虑。因此有可能只通过机床坐标系的X、Y和Z轴之间的插值法得到不仅具有左偏倾斜而且具有右偏倾斜的表面凹槽,而不需要铣刀轴的摆动。此外,在从一左偏倾斜转换为一右偏倾斜时必须将刀具的定位面转到工件上。对于全部工件都制造具有相同倾斜角的情况,得到了一种特别简单的机床结构,因为对于这种情况不必改变铣刀轴的位置。

Claims (3)

1.用于加工具有表面凹槽的工件的方法,例如加工具有非圆形横截面的槽的工件之方法,其中为了得到所要求的横截面,将刀具轴线在机床的直角坐标系中相对于Z轴调整到一偏角,并且为了加工在工件轴线与表面凹槽的纵轴线之间具有一倾斜角的表面凹槽,沿Z轴方向和根据倾斜角也沿机床的直角坐标系的X方向进行工件与刀具之间的相对移动,其中还通过沿C轴方向工件与刀具之间的相对转动实现从一个表面凹槽换到下一个具有相同倾斜角的表面凹槽,其特征在于,为了加工,首先调准刀具的偏角,然后使工件和刀具的两直角坐标系相互相对转动,直到刀具轴线在X-Y平面上的投影平行于一假想的机床坐标系的主轴,并且在倾斜角为0°时表面凹槽只通过刀具和工件沿Z轴方向的相对移动进行加工,而在倾斜角±>0°时只通过沿机床坐标系的全部三个轴线的相对移动进行加工,并且使刀具相对于工件对于正倾斜角在一侧而对于负倾斜角在镜象对置的另一侧进入作用。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,切屑自由下落地下垂式地加工工件。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,偏离水平线和垂直线倾斜于工件轴线地调准刀具轴线。
CN03106398A 2002-02-27 2003-02-26 用于加工具有直的表面凹槽的工件的方法 Pending CN1440850A (zh)

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CN103028784A (zh) * 2012-11-30 2013-04-10 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 一种锥孔内键槽的加工方法
CN103028784B (zh) * 2012-11-30 2015-04-15 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 一种锥孔内键槽的加工方法
CN103752925A (zh) * 2013-12-20 2014-04-30 柳州正菱集团有限公司 一种汽车刹车调整臂铸件的精铣键槽工艺

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US6908265B2 (en) 2005-06-21
EP1341065B1 (de) 2006-03-29
JP4558278B2 (ja) 2010-10-06
JP2004001180A (ja) 2004-01-08
DE10208411A1 (de) 2003-09-11
DE10208411B4 (de) 2004-11-04
EP1341065A2 (de) 2003-09-03
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KR20030071517A (ko) 2003-09-03
DE50302777D1 (de) 2006-05-18

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