CN1434014A - 二氢月桂烯合成香茅醇的改良法 - Google Patents
二氢月桂烯合成香茅醇的改良法 Download PDFInfo
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- QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N citronellol Chemical compound OCCC(C)CCC=C(C)C QMVPMAAFGQKVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 10
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Abstract
本发明属于二氢月桂烯合成香茅醇的新方法,该方法是在无水四氢呋喃或者芳香烃作溶剂,惰性气体保护下,硼氢化金属与二元有机酸按摩尔比1∶1~1.5在40~60℃反应生成二酰氧基硼氢化物,再与二氢月桂烯在40~65℃下加成反应6~8h得到烷基硼,其中硼氢化金属与二氢月桂烯的摩尔比为1∶1~1.5,烷基硼在碱性过氧化氢水溶液中氧化,再经稀酸水解得香茅醇。该法选择性、转化率高,用固体硼氢化试剂代替有毒的硼烷气体,操作安全、方便,同时减少对环境的污染,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于二氢月桂烯合成香茅醇的新方法。
技术背景
香茅醇(citronellol),化学名称:3,7-二甲基-6-辛烯-1-醇,是一种重要的香料,具有甜的花香气味,常用于玫瑰香、柑桔香的香精和许多含有香茅醇酯类的香精中。同时香茅醇可以用作制备羟基二氢香茅醇、羟基二氢香茅醛以及果冻、布丁的重要原料。作为重要的香料、香原料的香茅醇目前有以下方法可以得到:
1通过天然产物催化氢化:
(1)以钴、铜或铬作催化剂,用低级脂肪醇作溶剂氢化柠檬醛也可以得到香茅醇。相关报道有Chan,K,-K.,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,41:3497(1976);Gradeff,P.S.and Formica,G.,Tetrahedron Lett.,4681-4684(1976)。
(2)以金属镍、钴或钯为催化剂,选择氢化香叶醇制得香茅醇。相关报道有Schimmel,Ber.,4,62(1898);Gildemeister,E.and Hoffman,Fr321-322(1960);Bedoukian,P.Z.,“Perfumery andFlavouring synthetics 280-282(1967);Thomas,A.F.,“The Total Synthesis of Natural Products”Vol.2:190-195(1966)。
(3)采用Meerwein-ponndorf或Meerwein-schmidt反应氢化香茅醛制得香茅醇。相关报道有Corey E.J.,et al.,J.Org.Chem.,41:380(1976);Rhodia Inc.U.S Patent 4,029,709(1977)。
在上述三种方法中,都是对天然产物的再加工。由于地域差异原料来源有限;二是催化的条件要求比较严格而且催化剂都是贵金属;三是分子中有其他易被还原的基团,故氢化的选择性较差、产率较低。
2以薄荷酮为原料经过九步可以得到香茅醇:
Shono,T.,Matsumura,Y.,Hibino,K.and Miyakawi,S.,Tetrahedron Lett 1295-1298(1974)介绍了相关的方法,该方法步骤较多,收率只有60%。
3以二氢月桂烯为原料氧化水解法:
(1)二氢月桂烯与氢化铝或二异丁氢化铝反应生成烷基铝,之后氧气氧化、再水解可以得到香茅醇。相关报道有Rienaecker,R.and Ohloff,G.,Angew Chem.,73:240(1961)。由于氢铝试剂非常活泼,极易与空气中的水、氧气反应,操作条件不容易控制。
(2)二氢月桂烯与硼烷反应生成有机硼,再在碱性条件下用过氧化氢氧化,之后水解到香茅醇。相关报道有Rienaecker R.,Chimia.,27:97-99(1973)。该法存在以下问题:一是B2H6为剧毒气体,操作不安全且易对环境污染;二是B2H6与水立即水解且在空气中容易自燃,反应的条件不易控制;三是有羰基类副产生成。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种在新的体系下用二氢月桂烯简单、安全合成香茅醇的改良法。
本发明提供的方法是在无水四氢呋喃或者芳香烃作溶剂,惰性气体保护下,硼氢化金属与二元有机酸按摩尔比1∶1~1.5在40-60℃反应生成二酰氧基硼氢化物,再与二氢月桂烯在40-65℃下加成反应6~8h得到烷基硼,其中硼氢化金属与二氢月桂烯的摩尔比为1∶1~1.5,烷基硼在碱性过氧化氢水溶液中氧化,再经稀酸水解得香茅醇。
其中硼氢化金属选自硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾、硼氢化锂、硼氢化铷等,优选硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾。
二元有机酸选自丙二酸、乙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、邻苯二甲酸等,优选丙二酸、乙二酸。
溶剂中芳香烃包括苯、甲苯、二甲苯等,溶剂优选四氢呋喃。
本发明所提供的用二氢月桂烯制备香茅醇的方法选择性达到98%以上,转化率达到90%以上,具有以下优点:一是以易得的二氢月桂烯为原料;二是用固体硼氢化试剂代替有毒的硼烷气体,操作安全、方便,同时减少对环境的污染;三是所用试剂均为常用的。因此本发明开创了用二氢月桂烯合成香茅醇的新途径。
最佳实施方式
实施例1
在氮气保护下,向100ml三口反应瓶中加入1.14g(30mmol)碾碎的硼氢化钠和25ml无水四氢呋喃,在室温搅拌下缓慢滴加含有丙二酸3.16g(32mmol)的25ml四氢呋喃溶液,滴完后继续搅拌一段时间,缓慢升温至50℃,搅拌充分至不再放出气体为止(约4小时),将反应混合物冷却后加入5.6ml(3lmmol)的二氢月桂烯,室温下搅拌一会儿,在1小时内缓慢将反应温度升高到55℃,剧烈搅拌7小时。冷却后滴加2g氢氧化钠的20ml水溶液,再滴加3.5ml质量浓度为30%的过氧化氢水溶液,室温下搅拌30分钟,升温至45℃搅拌5小时,冷却后用稀盐酸调至pH=2,再经过静置分层、萃取、水洗至中性,再用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、蒸馏得到4.5g香茅醇,产率达到97%以上。
实施例2
在氩气保护下,向100ml三口反应瓶中加入1.14g(30mmol)碾碎的硼氢化钾和25ml无水苯,在室温搅拌下缓慢滴加含有乙二酸3.1g(34mmol)的25ml四氢呋喃溶液,滴完后继续搅拌一段时间,缓慢升温至55℃,搅拌充分至不再放出气体为止(约3小时),将反应混合物冷却后加入5.7ml(32mmol)的二氢月桂烯,室温下搅拌一会儿,在1小时内缓慢将反应温度升高到60℃,剧烈搅拌6小时。冷却后滴加2g氢氧化钠的20ml水溶液,再滴加3.6ml质量浓度为30%的过氧化氢水溶液,室温下搅拌30分钟,升温至50℃搅拌5小时,冷却后用稀盐酸调至pH=3,再经过静置分层、萃取、水洗至中性,再用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、蒸馏得到4.0g香茅醇,产率达到90%。
实施例3
在氮气保护下,向100ml三口反应瓶中加入0.66g(30mmol)碾碎的硼氢化钠和25ml无水四氢呋喃,在室温搅拌下缓慢滴加含有邻苯甲二酸4.98g(30mmol)的25ml四氢呋喃溶液,滴完后继续搅拌一段时间,缓慢升温至60℃,搅拌充分至不再放出气体为止(约4小时),将反应混合物冷却后加入5.5ml(30mmol)的二氢月桂烯,室温下搅拌一会儿,在1小时内缓慢将反应温度升高到55℃,剧烈搅拌8小时。冷却后滴加2g氢氧化钠的20ml水溶液,再滴加4.0ml质量分数为30%的过氧化氢水溶液,室温下搅拌30分钟,升温至55℃搅拌5小时,冷却后用稀盐酸调至pH=1,再经过静置分层、萃取、水洗至中性,再用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、蒸馏得到4.3g香茅醇,产率为95%。
Claims (7)
1、一种用二氢月桂烯合成香茅醇的方法,是在无水四氢呋喃或者芳香烃作溶剂,惰性气体保护下,硼氢化金属与二元有机酸按摩尔比1∶1~1.5在40~60℃反应生成二酰氧基硼氢化物,再与二氢月桂烯在40~65℃下加成反应6~8h得到烷基硼,其中硼氢化金属与二氢月桂烯的摩尔比为1∶1~1.5,烷基硼在碱性过氧化氢水溶液中氧化,再经稀酸水解得香茅醇。
2、权利要求1的方法,其中硼氢化金属选自硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾、硼氢化锂、硼氢化铷。
3、权利要求2的方法,其中硼氢化金属选自硼氢化钠、硼氢化钾。
4、权利要求1或2的方法,其中二元有机酸选自丙二酸、乙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、邻苯二甲酸。
5、权利要求4的方法,其中二元有机酸选自丙二酸、乙二酸。
6、权利要求1或2的方法,其中溶剂中芳香烃选自苯、甲苯、二甲苯。
7、权利要求1或2的方法,其中溶剂为无水四氢呋喃。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100436390C (zh) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-11-26 | 厦门中坤化学有限公司 | 香茅醇的制备方法 |
CN101921177A (zh) * | 2010-09-20 | 2010-12-22 | 广州百花香料股份有限公司 | 一种香茅醇的制备方法 |
CN111454114A (zh) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-28 | 长沙贝塔医药科技有限公司 | 一种用13c2-香叶醇合成高纯度13c2-月桂烯的方法 |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100436390C (zh) * | 2007-02-01 | 2008-11-26 | 厦门中坤化学有限公司 | 香茅醇的制备方法 |
CN101921177A (zh) * | 2010-09-20 | 2010-12-22 | 广州百花香料股份有限公司 | 一种香茅醇的制备方法 |
CN101921177B (zh) * | 2010-09-20 | 2013-07-03 | 广州百花香料股份有限公司 | 一种香茅醇的制备方法 |
CN111454114A (zh) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-28 | 长沙贝塔医药科技有限公司 | 一种用13c2-香叶醇合成高纯度13c2-月桂烯的方法 |
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