CN1423532A - Enzymatic processing of rice bran to produce edible products - Google Patents
Enzymatic processing of rice bran to produce edible products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1423532A CN1423532A CN01807993A CN01807993A CN1423532A CN 1423532 A CN1423532 A CN 1423532A CN 01807993 A CN01807993 A CN 01807993A CN 01807993 A CN01807993 A CN 01807993A CN 1423532 A CN1423532 A CN 1423532A
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- Prior art keywords
- rice bran
- product
- homogenate
- water
- protein
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
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- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 38
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/12—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from cereals, wheat, bran, or molasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/115—Cereal fibre products, e.g. bran, husk
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/025—Pretreatment by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
This invention relates to novel processes for treating rice bran utilizing enzymatic digestion to separate the constituents of rice bran. These processes advantageously bypass several expensive, time-consuming and potentially hazardous conventional rice bran processing steps. The processes of this invention may be used to produce a variety of useful and valuable rice bran-derived products, including rice bran oil, rice bran fiber, rice bran protein and rice bran juice.
Description
The technical field of the invention
The present invention relates to novel processes for treating rice bran.Processing method among the present invention utilizes the water enzymolysis to separate the various compositions in the rice bran.
Related application
The application relates to temporary patent application 60/182,446 and requires its priority.
Background technology related to the present invention
Rice bran is an outer layer of brown rice.The color of brown rice and nutty flavor are all from rice bran.Rice bran also is rich in proteins,vitamins,minerals, grease, reaches cellulose.Rice bran can also be used as cereal, compound, reach the composition of vitamin concentrate.And, proved that rice bran oil can reduce cholesterol level in the blood effectively, and can be used as high-grade cooking oil that this is because it is comparatively stable when high-temperature cooking.
Conventional processing of rice bran generally adopts multistep to carry out suddenly, can produce unwanted accessory substance, and decompose some compositions in the rice bran easily.These processing methods need specific equipment, make that this processing procedure cost is very high.And the time-consuming consumption power of the many steps in these conventional methods also can produce a large amount of sewage and be worth low defatted rice bran.
So, need a kind of so new processing of rice bran: can obtain the composition (comprise protein, soluble fibre, water-soluble trace nutrient, reach table oil) of many food-grade and added value, and can avoid the drawback of conventional method.
The invention summary
Novel processing method of the present invention can satisfy the demand that improves rice bran treatment technology level.Enzyme digestion reaction separates composition in the rice bran in the solution by utilizing, and novel method has overcome the cost height, consuming time and may destroy drawbacks such as environment of rice bran traditional treatment method among the present invention.Method among the present invention can prepare multiple useful and valuable rice bran product, comprises rice bran oil, rice bran-fiber, rice bran protein, reaches rice bran juice.
Method among the present invention comprises, earlier enzyme is carried out in rice bran homogenate and handles, and then enzymolysis product is separated, and obtains at least one oil phase, a water, a solid phase.One of purpose of the present invention is that the product of this three-phase is just edible without any need for further processing.Method among the present invention also comprises the purifying of oil phase.Further, the method among the present invention comprises that also with aqueous phase separation be graywater product and rice bran juice concentrate, and solid phase is separated into rice bran-fiber product and rice bran protein product.Another further purpose of the present invention is that the recirculated water product that is obtained, rice bran juice concentrate, rice bran-fiber product and rice bran protein product do not need further to handle just edible.Other purpose of the present invention is more clear in detailed Description Of The Invention.
Accompanying drawing is briefly described
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of introducing the inventive method.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Term is by with the application of giving a definition (unless having other clear and definite explanations) among the present invention:
" edible " refers to can not cause for the mankind are edible the consequence that obviously impairs one's health.
" rice bran " refers to outer layer of brown rice.Processing method of the present invention is preferably given birth to rice bran.But, also can use the rice bran or the defatted rice bran of dry rice bran, stabilization processes.
" defatted rice bran " refer to through as squeezing (such as, use expeller) etc. the rice bran of mode after handling, removed a large amount of greases in the rice bran.
" effectively particle size " refers to that the average particle size particle size that rice bran has is carried out enzymatic chemical reaction required in this invention." chresard, processing time, pH value and temperature " refers to make the material of enzymatic chemical reaction required in this invention or the value of condition.Further, in the method for the invention, the single value of particle size, the water yield, duration, pH value and temperature should be complementary with other parameters, as the amount and the character of used enzyme.Though the application provides guidance for how estimating these numerical value, and set concrete numerical value for some preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art can the conversion conditions and are selected other suitable parameters.When not providing concrete parameter value, can suppose that a value represents actual parameter.
" rice bran homogenate " refers to the mixture of rice bran and water.
" enzyme " refers to that a class can be used as the protein molecule of biocatalyst.
" enzyme reaction product homogenate " refers to that rice bran is carried out enzyme handles a series of rice bran mixture of products that the back obtains.
" oil phase " refers to separate the class product that enzyme reaction product homogenate obtains.Contain solute, particle and water though this is met, its content is few than solid phase and water." oil phase " mainly contains edible oil.
" water " refers to separate the class product that enzyme reaction product homogenate obtains.Contain solute (as, protein molecule), particle and oil though this is met, its content than solid phase and oil phase for few." water " contains edible rice bran juice and graywater at least.
" solid phase " refers to separate the class material that enzyme reaction product homogenate obtains.Though this can contain some liquid after separation, the content of liquid (water and oil) lacks than water and oil phase." solid phase " contains edible rice bran fiber and rice bran protein matter at least.
" purifying " refers to remove the process of partial impurities from material.Behind the purifying, still have some impurity remnants.
" graywater product " refers to water phase separated and the product that obtains.Though this product can contain some solutes, particle or oil, its content is few than rice bran juice." graywater product " is mainly the water (weighing with industrial efficiency and environmental management standard) of certain quality, can be used for mixing with rice bran forming rice bran homogenate.When using by this way, can reduce or remove discharge of wastewater and pollution abatement.
" rice bran juice concentrate " refers to water phase separated and the product that obtains.This product is for containing the mixture of water and rice bran protein at least.According to the method difference of selected water phase separated, " rice bran juice concentrate " can contain the composition that can produce sweet taste and/or fragrance.When rice bran juice was used as ready-made beverage, these attributes were just extremely important.
" rice bran-fiber product " refers to separate solid phase and the product that obtains.Though this product can contain oil, water, and rice bran protein product, it mainly is contained in rice bran-fiber insoluble in the alkali leaching process (as, cellulose).
" rice bran protein product " refers to separate solid phase and the product that obtains.Though this product can contain oil, water, reach the rice bran-fiber product, it mainly contains protein molecule.
" vacuum drying " refers to that being higher than temperature and pressure in temperature is lower than and removes a kind of processing method that the rice bran water in products is divided under the atmospheric pressure (101.3KPa).
" short-path distillation " refers to the short-path distillation device liquid mixture be gasified, and the difference cooling is carried out condensation to collect the method for composition then.
" approximately " refers to+/-5% scope interior (not comprising the pH value).As, " about 10 microns " i.e. are " 9.5 microns to 10.5 micrometer ranges ".When relating to the pH value, refer to+/-0.2 scope in.As, " pH value about 10 " refers to " the pH value is between 9.8 to 10.2 ".
" free fatty " refers to have the fatty acid molecule of free carboxy, thereby can not be glyceride.
" membrane separating method " refers to a kind of method, and the use of film is one of them part, and film is a permeability to hydrone at least, but for volume greater than other molecules of hydrone (as, protein, carbohydrate) be impermeability.
" ultrafiltration " refers to can see through by a kind of water, inorganic salts, organic molecule (as, glucose), and the film of big molecule (as, albumin) impermeable carries out the method that film separates under pressure-driven.
" counter-infiltration " refer to by a kind of water, organic molecule (as, alcohol) can see through and big molecule (as, albumin), inorganic salts, and other nonionic organic compounds (as, fructose) film of impermeable, under pressure-driven, allow a kind of membrane separating method of liquid from the high concentration side direction low concentration side flow of film.
" give birth to rice bran " refer to fresh rice bran (as, not through super-dry, static stabilization or degreasing).
" average particle size particle size " refers to the arithmetic mean value of the particulate samples diameter of getting.
" pectase " refer to can the catalysis hydrolyzed pectin enzyme.
" cellulase " refer to can catalyzing cellulose hydrolysis enzyme.
" hemicellulase " refer to can the catalysis hydrolysis of hemicellulose enzyme.
" carbohydrase " refers to the enzyme that the catalysis syrup is separated.
" by the proportion phase-splitting " refers to realize the method that is separated according to the proportion of each phase of product.
" centrifugation " refers to realize the method that each separates according to proportion by centrifugal force.
" method for protein isolation " refers to any method that protein molecule can be separated in water, other biological molecule (as, lipoidis) or other protein molecules.For example, the method among the present invention can realize its separation according to protein molecule size, binding specificity, electric charge, dissolubility.
" protein dissolving method " refers to the solution that contains insoluble protein is handled, the method for dissolving substantially up to this protein molecule.
" alkali extraction " refers to use the solution with alkaline pH value that protein molecule is extracted from solid.
" weak solution " refers to the solution of concentration less than 5 mol.
" isoelectric precipitation method " refers to reduce protein solution pH value to be settled out the method for protein molecule.
" rice bran of stabilisation " refers to that rice bran has passed through heat, enzyme or chemical reagent processing and made the lipase inactivation that wherein contained originally, and the lipase of the state of activation can produce free fatty and rancid grease.
Each preferred parameter of distinct methods (including, but are not limited to average rice bran particle size, temperature, pH value, the type of enzyme, enzyme processing time) can be applicable to concrete processing method separately, also can be used for the combination of wide variety of method steps.
The raw material rice bran that method among the present invention is used has effective particle size.Can from that give birth to, dry or defatted rice bran, obtain this raw material rice bran.If the use defatted rice bran, the rice bran oil that the method among the present invention obtains seldom.
Can use conventional method processing brown rice and obtain to give birth to rice bran.Except giving birth to rice bran, the rice bran of stabilisation also can be used as the raw material rice bran.Can obtain the ready-made living rice bran and the rice bran of stabilisation from retail shop and other suppliers.
In order to improve the efficient of enzymolysis, can reduce average rice bran particle size with grinding or milling.Reduce particle size in this way, will help enzymolysis.Can grind with food-grade usually (as, the Szego mill) grind.Average particle size particle size is preferably about 0.1 to about 50 microns among the present invention, and more preferably about 1 to about 15 microns, preferred 5 to 10 microns.Preferred average particle size particle size depends on the particle disposal condition, and can easily be determined by those of ordinary skills.
In rice bran, add the output that water can significantly improve enzyme digestion reaction.The operation that adds water can be before grinding processing, among or afterwards.Will produce fuel factor because grind processing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention adds entry before grinding processing, can at utmost reduce fuel factor to the damage of heat-sensitive substance in the rice bran (as, rice bran protein).In the rice bran particle of effective dimensions, add water and just form rice bran homogenate.Preferably, rice bran homogenate contains about 1 part of rice bran and about 1 to about 20 parts of water (w/v); Better, rice bran homogenate contains about 1 part of rice bran and about 5 to about 10 parts of water; Preferably, rice bran homogenate contains about 1 part of rice bran and about 10 parts of water.Need, can before adding, adjust water temperature.Preferably, water temperature is about 23 ℃ to about 60 ℃; Better, water temperature is about 23 ℃ to about 40 ℃; Preferably, water temperature is about 35 ℃.
Can adjust the temperature and the pH value of rice bran homogenate, make it to help the carrying out of enzyme digestion reaction.Different and other parameters according to the type of selecting enzyme for use should the recommendation according to the enzyme supplier be adjusted pH value and temperature before adding enzyme.In a preferred embodiment, before adding enzyme to rice bran homogenate heat.The temperature of rice bran homogenate is preferably about 23 ℃ to about 75 ℃, and more preferably about 40 ℃ to about 65 ℃, preferably approximately 50 ℃.In another preferred embodiment, the pH value of adjusting rice bran homogenate before adding enzyme in advance is about 3 to about 6.5, more preferably about 4 to about 5.5, preferably approximately 4.5.In order to obtain the preferred pH value that reduces, can add suitable acid.For reaching this purpose, the acid of preferred food product level is as food grade phosphoric acid.
Enzymolysis is the subsequent step of preparation rice bran homogenate.Several enzymes that can buy can satisfy the needs of enzymolysis processing among the present invention effectively.Usually, these enzymes are recommended by the manufacturer, are used for the eucaryotic cell structure of degrading plant material, such as the cell membrane tissue that contains rice bran oil (as, cellulose and hemicellulose).Various enzymes can use separately also can be used in combination the particular result that needs to obtain with other effective enzymes.The combination of preferred pectin enzyme, carbohydrase, cellulase and hemicellulase.The concrete enzyme that uses comprises Pectinex 3xL (pectase), SP-249 (carbohydrase), Celluclast 1.5L (cellulase), Gamanase (hemicellulase) among the present invention.These four kinds of enzymes all can be bought from Novo Nordisk (Denmark).The preferred Gamanase of method of the present invention.
Desire improves the efficient of enzymolysis process, should select effective enzyme amount, efficient temperature, pH value and enzyme processing time.Being provided with of single parameter needs with reference to the type of employed enzyme and other parameters in this enzyme digestion reaction.The manufacturer of enzyme generally can provide more guidance in these areas.In a preferred embodiment, employed enzyme amount be the rice bran quality about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably about 1% to about 3%, preferably approximately 2%.Enzyme is handled and can carried out (as, tank diameter) arbitrarily in the suitable containers.Preferred enzyme processing time is the required time that dissociates out fully or almost completely of the grease in rice bran.According to the different processing parameters and the type of enzyme, enzyme processing time is usually at about 3 to about 36 hours.Enzyme processing time is preferably about 5 to about 30 hours, is preferably about 7 to about 24 hours, preferably approximately 20 hours.In processing procedure, can stir a period of time earlier and stop to stir a period of time (can in same and different vessels, carry out) then as settling tank.Such as, add after the enzyme, allow homogenate stir enzymolysis 5 hours down, then stirring enzymolysis 15 hours not under same temperature in the temperature (as 50 ℃) that raises.In the enzymolysis processing process, the rice bran in the homogenate is degraded to each constituent, obtains enzymolysis product homogenate.At this moment, can be by measuring the process of content of oil and grease deduction reaction in the enzymolysis product.When the grease yield in the enzymolysis product homogenate almost reaches in the raw material rice bran fat content, can interrupt enzymolysis processing.
Enzyme then carries out the separation of each composition of enzymolysis product homogenate after handling.Though multiple isolation technics can reach this purpose, press the proportion phase-splitting (as, by than reprecipitation or centrifugal) method is better, preferred centrifugal method.Parameter of noncentricity can be determined at an easy rate by those of ordinary skills.Industrial centrifugal machine effectively be set to 3000-6000Xg.If the use laboratory centrifuge, proved configuration fixedly rotary head IEC effectively be set to 9000Xg.At least can obtain three phases by this separation process: (1) solid phase, (2) water, (3) oil phase.Can utilize the degree of polluting mutually between each phase to estimate the effect of separation.Also may produce the emulsion phase in the separation process.Eliminating this phase also is one of purpose of the present invention.This emulsion generally comprises the mixture of oil and water mutually, and is stablized by the solubility surfactant protein.In emulsion layer, add acid or this layer can be separated into You Heshui its heating.The water layer and the oil reservoir that obtain can add respectively in the water and oil phase of previous acquisition.Following content is to be separated the further continuation processing of three main phases that obtain by enzymolysis product homogenate.
Oil phase
Rice bran oil in the oil phase has preferable quality.Because it is relatively gentle that enzyme is handled each composition of rice bran (comprising grease),, the oil that obtains do not need further processing so can directly using.Because this reason, the rice bran oil of acquisition have kept natural taste and fragrance, quality is better than RBD (refining, decolouring, the taste removal) rice bran oil that the traditional industry mode is produced.Further, this enzyme is handled and has been obtained a certain proportion of recovery with respect to traditional industry production.
Though the quality of the oil that enzyme obtains after handling is higher, if oil phase is further purified, quality will be better.After homogenate separated to enzymolysis product, oil phase can contain about 2% moisture.Utilize vacuum drying can reduce residual moisture, be preferably and be less than about 1.0% (mass ratio), preferably be less than about 0.1%.The step of this interpolation can weaken the hydrolysis of neutral glycerine three fat.Equally, the quality that can utilize short-path distillation to reduce free fatty makes it to be less than about 2% (mass ratio), preferably is less than about 0.5%.Can reclaim trace nutrient by further processing to oil phase.
Water
The water that separates enzymolysis product homogenate acquisition contains significantly, rice bran fragrance, sweet taste slightly and the lower viscosity of pleasant, and can directly use and further processing.If it is about 5 that the pH value of rice bran homogenate is lower than, the rice bran protein matter of higher proportion is contained in this regular meeting that communicates.Because protein is dissolved in water under this condition.
Though do not need further processing, water just can directly use, and also this phase can be separated at least graywater and rice bran juice concentrate.By the further processing to water, protein and other need the concentration of material to be improved and to be retained in the rice bran juice concentrate.The technical staff can utilize the method for concentration of knowing, as lyophilization.The preferred membrane separating method that uses is as ultrafiltration or inverse osmosis (though ultrafiltration may cause the loss of fragrance).Commercial scale is handled preferred inverse osmosis.The most handy Pasteur's method sterilization water before separation, or the rice bran juice of after separation, sterilizing.
Extracting the graywater product from aqueous phase is further object of the present invention.Usually, can keep certain impurity in the graywater product, such as residual sugar and protein.Yet, utilize the method among the present invention can reduce impurity level and improve graywater product quality, make it and can recycle.The water (Fig. 1) that adds when in other words, the graywater product can be used to handle beginning.Water recycle the sewage discharge that has reduced rice bran enzyme processing procedure.The potential advantages of this operation also are to cut down expenses, reduce legal liabilities, reach and improve corporate image among the present invention.
Solid phase
The solid phase of separating enzyme reaction product homogenate acquisition is edible.Need, also can further handle to obtain rice bran-fiber product and rice bran protein product.Can separate these materials with method for protein isolation commonly used.Preferably at first extract solubilising protein with alkali.In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protein in the solid phase extracts in the alkaline aqueous solution under effective pH value, and common pH value is about 9 to about 12.5, more preferably about 10 to about 12, and preferably approximately 11 to about 12.Any effective alkaline solution be can adopt, NaOH and potassium hydroxide comprised.The sodium hydroxide solution of preferred dilution.Usually, the ratio that adds entry with respect to solid matter be about 1 part of solid phase than about 10 to about 20 parts of water (w/v); Preferably approximately 1 part of solid phase is than about 15 parts of water.Add alkaline solution then to improve the pH value of solid phase and aqueous mixtures, make it to reach effective pH value.Add extra aqueous slkali to keep the effective pH value of solid phase and aqueous mixtures at the alkali leaching process.Aqueous slkali can dissolve a large amount of protein in the solid phase.After the protein dissolving, the filtrate of containing solubilising protein is carried out acidifying can precipitating proteins.The pH value of the acidic aqueous solution that isoelectric precipitation uses is about 4 to about 6, more preferably about 4 to about 5, and preferably approximately 4.5.The precipitation protein whitening look and be not with rice bran aroma substantially.Can pass through the protein of conventional method precipitation separation, preferably centrifugal.
Can also obtain the rice bran-fiber of high string content to the separation of solid phase.Need not further handle, the rice bran-fiber product is just edible.Also can carry out dry simultaneously with appropriate method to obtain commercial more ripe product.Such as, spray drying process.
Be not limited to theory, the present invention uses the institutional framework of enzyme degraded rice bran to allow the grease of wherein storage discharge.The result is, thick formula extracting method that need not be conventional (as, squeezing or volatile solvent extract) just rice bran oil can be extracted from remaining rice bran composition.Further, Wen He enzyme processing procedure allows effective recovery of other rice bran compositions.Like this, the invention provides a kind of method economy, integration of rice bran multifunctional application.
Though making these products from rice bran not need further processing by the method among the present invention can be one of the object of the invention as the food-grade composition directly just, these products also can be used as animal feed or other commercial Application.Such as, the rice bran oil that obtains by the method among the present invention is a food-grade, also can mix other edible products (as, cooking oil, baking batching or flavouring).In addition, rice bran oil also can be used as industrial use, as being used as cleaning agent, soap, missible oil, reaching shampoo.
Further, other rice bran products (comprising rice bran-fiber product, rice bran protein product, rice bran juice concentrate and graywater product) that utilize the inventive method to reclaim can directly be used as food grade materials and mix in the food.Such as, these products from rice bran can be used in a large amount of nutraceutical (as, nature bars, beverage and beverage mix).Though other application of these products also are well known to those skilled in the art, the rice bran-fiber product has caused the very big concern of people as chaff and other substitutes that is rich in fibrous material.Simultaneously, the protein product that reclaims by method among the present invention has higher protein content, also can be as the substitute of soybean protein.These are used and also non-exclusively to comprise as meat additive, processed food, health food, sports drink mixture, baby food and baked goods.Can also obtain water miscible vitamin and trace nutrient by further processing to rice bran juice.
Although invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments,, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Various change of the present invention, variation and equivalent are contained by the content of appending claims.
Other embodiment are contained in the claims.
Claims (42)
1. produce the method for edible rice bran product, comprising:
The rice bran of effective particle size is mixed the homogenate of formation rice bran with the water of effective dose;
Under effective pH value and temperature conditions, use at least a enzyme to handle rice bran homogenate effective time to make enzymolysis product homogenate; And
Separate described enzymolysis product homogenate, form an oil phase, a water at least, reach a solid phase.
2. method according to claim 1 comprises the purifying of oil phase.
3. method according to claim 1 comprises the separation of water, produces a kind of graywater product and rice bran juice concentrate at least.
4. method according to claim 1 comprises the separation of solid phase, forms a kind of rice bran-fiber product and rice bran protein product at least.
5. method according to claim 2, wherein said purification process is vacuum drying.
6. method according to claim 2, wherein said purification process is a short-path distillation.
7. method according to claim 6, the mass ratio of the contained free fatty of oil phase behind the wherein said purifying is lower than about 0.5%.
8. method according to claim 6, the mass ratio of the contained free fatty of oil phase behind the wherein said purifying is lower than about 0.1%.
9. method according to claim 5, the oil phase behind the wherein said purifying moisture mass ratio be lower than about 0.5%.
10. method according to claim 5, the oil phase behind the wherein said purifying moisture mass ratio be lower than about 0.1%.
11. method according to claim 3, the water of wherein said effective dose is taken from the graywater product.
12. method according to claim 3, what the separation of wherein said water was used is membrane separating method.
13. method according to claim 12, wherein said membrane separating method are ultrafiltration.
14. method according to claim 12, wherein said membrane separating method are inverse osmosis.
15. method according to claim 1, wherein said rice bran comes spontaneous rice bran.
16. method according to claim 1, wherein said average rice bran particle size are about 10 microns.
17. method according to claim 1, wherein said rice bran homogenate comprise that about a rice bran and about 1 is to about 20 parts of water.
18. method according to claim 1, wherein said rice bran homogenate comprise that about a rice bran and about 5 is to about 10 parts of water.
19. method according to claim 1, wherein said pH value are about 4 to about 6.
20. method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme account for the mass ratio of described rice bran and are at least about 0.1% to about 3%.
21. it is about 2% that method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme account for the mass ratio of described rice bran.
22. method according to claim 1, wherein said temperature are about 25 ℃ to about 75 ℃.
23. method according to claim 1, the wherein said processing time is about 3 to about 24 hours.
24. method according to claim 1, the wherein said processing time is about 15 hours.
25. method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme is selected from the group of being made up of pectase, cellulase, hemicellulase, carbohydrase and composition thereof.
26. method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme are hemicellulase.
27. method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme reaction product homogenate is for obtaining by the proportion phase-splitting.
28. method according to claim 27, wherein said is centrifugation by the proportion phase-splitting.
29. method according to claim 4, the separation of wherein said solid phase is implemented by method for protein isolation.
30. method according to claim 29, wherein said solid phase isolation methods is implemented by the protein dissolving method.
31. being alkali, method according to claim 30, wherein said protein dissolving method extract.
32. method according to claim 31, wherein said alkali are extracted in pH value about 11 to about 12 times enforcements.
33. method according to claim 31, wherein said alkali extracts the use that comprises the dilute hydrogen sodium hydroxide solution.
34. method according to claim 4, the mass ratio of contained humidity is lower than about 6% after the wherein said rice bran-fiber product drying.
35. the described method of claim 4 comprises the isoelectric precipitation method.
36. method according to claim 35, wherein said isoelectric precipitation is implemented to about 5 situations in pH value about 4.
37. method according to claim 4, wherein said rice bran protein product accounts for about 5% of rice bran protein total amount at least.
38. method according to claim 4, wherein said rice bran protein product accounts for about 10% of rice bran protein total amount at least.
39. the described method of claim 3 comprises rice bran homogenate concentrate is carried out isoelectric precipitation.
40. the described method of claim 3 comprises rice bran homogenate concentrate is carried out alkali dissolving and isoelectric precipitation.
41. the described method of claim 4 comprises alkali dissolving and isoelectric precipitation.
42. according to claim 40 or 41 described methods, wherein said alkali is dissolved in pH value about 11 and implements to about 12 conditions, and described isoelectric precipitation is implemented to about 5 conditions in pH value about 4.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18244600P | 2000-02-15 | 2000-02-15 | |
| US60/182,446 | 2000-02-15 |
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| CN1423532A true CN1423532A (en) | 2003-06-11 |
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| CN01807993A Pending CN1423532A (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-02-13 | Enzymatic processing of rice bran to produce edible products |
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| CN (1) | CN1423532A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001236972A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001060180A1 (en) |
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| DK77788A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1989-08-17 | Novo Industri As | METHOD OF MAKING COCONUT OIL |
| US5288619A (en) * | 1989-12-18 | 1994-02-22 | Kraft General Foods, Inc. | Enzymatic method for preparing transesterified oils |
| JPH09323033A (en) * | 1996-06-07 | 1997-12-16 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | Production of emulsifying agent and emulsifying composition |
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2001
- 2001-02-13 AU AU2001236972A patent/AU2001236972A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-13 CN CN01807993A patent/CN1423532A/en active Pending
- 2001-02-13 WO PCT/US2001/004607 patent/WO2001060180A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001236972A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
| WO2001060180A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
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