CN1423530A - Enzymatic processing of coconut meat to produce edible products - Google Patents
Enzymatic processing of coconut meat to produce edible products Download PDFInfo
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- CN1423530A CN1423530A CN01807991A CN01807991A CN1423530A CN 1423530 A CN1423530 A CN 1423530A CN 01807991 A CN01807991 A CN 01807991A CN 01807991 A CN01807991 A CN 01807991A CN 1423530 A CN1423530 A CN 1423530A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J1/00—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites
- A23J1/006—Obtaining protein compositions for foodstuffs; Bulk opening of eggs and separation of yolks from whites from vegetable materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L25/00—Food consisting mainly of nutmeat or seeds; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L25/30—Mashed or comminuted products, e.g. pulp, pastes, meal, powders; Products made therefrom, e.g. blocks, flakes, snacks; Liquid or semi-liquid products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/025—Pretreatment by enzymes or microorganisms, living or dead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/12—Refining fats or fatty oils by distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
This invention relates to novel processes for treating coconut utilizing enzymatic digestion to separate the constituents of coconut meat. These processes advantageously bypass several expensive, time-consuming and potentially hazardous conventional coconut processing steps. The processes of this invention may be used to produce a variety of useful and valuable coconut-derived products, including coconut oil, coconut grate, coconut protein and coconut juice.
Description
The technical field of the invention
The present invention relates to novel processes for treating coconut.Processing method among the present invention is to utilize the water enzymolysis to separate the various compositions in the coconut meat.
Related application
The application relates to the temporary patent application 60/182,453 of submission on February 15th, 2000, and requires its priority.
Background technology related to the present invention
Each composition of coconut has important use widely, comprises mixing edible and non-consumable products.For example, coconut oil is a kind of important commodity, the whole world year consumption be 8,000,000,000 to 10,000,000,000 pounds (8 to, 10 billion pounds).Only the year consumption of the U.S. just is 1,000,000,000 pounds, wherein only about half of be used for industrial purposes (soap, local with ointment, shampoo, and analog), second half is edible.As a kind of comestible composition, coconut oil is better than other oil, in part because of wherein not containing phosphatide and the colloid composition that generally contains in the oil of other types.
Traditional processing of coconut generally adopts multistep to carry out suddenly, can produce unwanted accessory substance, and decomposes some compositions in the coconut easily.These traditional processing methods propose valuable rough coconut oil by means of expeller (expeller press) from coconut meat.Because this expressing process needs high pressure, it can cause damage to the protein component in the coconut meat inevitably.The degrade proteins accessory substance purposes that expressing process produces is comparatively limited, if further do not handle, can only be used as animal feed ingredient.Similarly, raw oil also needs just can reach the food-grade standard through further physics and/or chemical refining, and these method of refining comprise: the alkali of clay treatment, decolouring, aliphatic acid neutralizes (saponification), flush away is saponified and take off flavor.These treatment steps need specific equipment, make the entire process process cost very high.And the time-consuming consumption power of the many steps in these conventional methods also can produce a large amount of sewage.
So, need a kind of so new processing of coconut: can obtain the composition (comprise protein, soluble fibre, water-soluble micronutrient, reach table oil) of many food-grade and added value, and can avoid the drawback of traditional processing of coconut.
The invention summary
Novel processing method of the present invention can satisfy the demand that improves coconut treatment technology level.Enzyme digestion reaction separates composition in the coconut meat in the solution by utilizing, and novel method has overcome the cost height, consuming time and may cause drawbacks such as environmental disruption of coconut traditional treatment method among the present invention.Method among the present invention can prepare multiple useful and valuable coconut product, comprises coconut oil, cocoanut fiber, coconut protein, reaches coconut milk.
Method among the present invention comprises, earlier enzyme is carried out in coconut homogenate and handles, and then enzymolysis product is separated, and obtains an oil phase, a water at least, reaches a solid phase.The product of this three-phase without any need for further processing with regard to edible be one of the object of the invention.Method of the present invention also comprises the purifying of oil phase.Further, method of the present invention comprises that also with aqueous phase separation be graywater product and coconut milk concentrate, and solid phase is separated into coconut grate product and coconut protein product.Another further purpose of the present invention is that the recirculated water product of acquisition, coconut milk concentrate, coconut grate product and coconut protein product do not need further to handle just edible.The detailed Description Of The Invention of other purposes of the present invention by hereinafter and more clear.
Accompanying drawing is briefly described
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of introducing the inventive method.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
Term is by with the application of giving a definition (unless having other opposite statements) among the present invention:
" edible " refer to can not cause for the mankind are edible obviously to impair one's health after Really.
" coconut meat " refers to the white tissue part that takes out from cocoanut shell.The preferred fresh living coconut meat of processing method of the present invention.But, also can use dry coconut meat or degreasing coconut meat.
" degreasing coconut meat " refer to through as squeezing (such as, use expeller) etc. the coconut meat of mode after handling, removed a large amount of greases in the coconut meat.
" effectively particle size " refers to that the average particle size particle size that coconut meat has makes enzyme be able to catalysis chemical reaction required in this invention." chresard, processing time, pH value and temperature " refers to make the material of enzymatic chemical reaction required in this invention or the value of condition.Further, in the method for the invention, the single value of particle size, the water yield, duration, pH value and temperature should be complementary with other parameters, as the amount and the character of used enzyme.Though the application provides guidance for how estimating these numerical value, and set concrete numerical value for some preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art can the conversion conditions and are selected other suitable parameters.When not providing concrete parameter value, can suppose that a value represents actual parameter.
" coconut homogenate " refers to the mixture of coconut meat and water.
" enzyme " refers to that a class can be used as the protein molecule of biocatalyst.
" enzyme reaction product homogenate " refers to that coconut meat is carried out enzyme handles a series of coconut mixture of products that the back obtains.
" oil phase " refers to separate the class product that enzyme reaction product homogenate obtains.Contain solute, particle and water though this is met, its content is few than solid phase and water." oil phase " mainly contains edible oil.
" water " refers to separate the class product that enzyme reaction product homogenate obtains.Contain solute (as, protein molecule), particle and oil though this is met, its content than solid phase and oil phase for few." water " contains edible coconut juice and graywater at least.
" solid phase " refers to separate the class material that enzyme reaction product homogenate obtains.Though this can contain some liquid after separation, the content of liquid (water and oil) lacks than water and oil phase." solid phase " contains edible coconut grate and coconut protein at least.
" purifying " refers to remove the process of partial impurities from material.Behind the purifying, still have some impurity remnants.
" graywater product " refers to water phase separated and the product that obtains.Though this product can contain some solutes, particle or oil, its content is few than the coconut milk concentrate." graywater product " is mainly the water (weighing with industrial efficiency and environmental management standard) of certain quality, can be used for mixing with coconut meat forming coconut homogenate.When using by this way, can reduce or remove discharge of wastewater and pollution abatement.
" coconut milk concentrate " refers to water phase separated and the product that obtains.This product is for containing the mixture of water and coconut protein at least.According to the method difference of selected water phase separated, " coconut milk concentrate " can contain the composition that can produce sweet taste and/or fragrance.When coconut milk was used as ready-made beverage, these attributes were just extremely important.
" coconut grate product " refers to separate solid phase and the product that obtains.Though this product can contain oil, water, and coconut protein product, it mainly contains coconut grate insoluble in the alkali leaching process (as, residue element).
" coconut protein product " refers to separate solid phase and the product that obtains.Though this product can contain oil, water, reach coconut grate product, it mainly contains protein molecule.
" vacuum drying " refers to that being higher than temperature and pressure in temperature is lower than and removes a kind of processing method that the coconut water in products is divided under the atmospheric pressure (101.3KPa).
" short-path distillation " refers to the short-path distillation device liquid mixture be gasified, and the difference cooling is carried out condensation to collect the method for composition then.
" approximately " refers to+/-5% scope interior (not comprising the pH value).As, " about 10 microns " i.e. are " 9.5 microns to 10.5 micrometer ranges ".When relating to the pH value, refer to+/-0.2 scope in.As, " pH value about 10 " refers to " the pH value is between 9.8 to 10.2 ".
" free fatty " refers to have the fatty acid molecule of free carboxy, is not glyceride type.
" membrane separating method " refers to a kind of method, and the use of film is one of them part, and film is a permeability to hydrone at least, but for volume greater than other molecules of hydrone (as, protein, carbohydrate) be impermeability.
" ultrafiltration " refers to can see through by a kind of water, inorganic salts, organic molecule (as, glucose), and the film of big molecule (as, albumin) impermeable carries out the method that film separates under pressure-driven.
" counter-infiltration " refer to by a kind of water, organic molecule (as, alcohol) can see through and big molecule (as, albumin), inorganic salts, and other nonionic organic compounds (as, fructose) film of impermeable, under pressure-driven, allow a kind of membrane separating method of liquid from the high concentration side direction low concentration side flow of film.
The coconut that " living coconut " only refers to handle through shelling (as, not through super-dry or degreasing).
" average particle size particle size " refers to the arithmetic mean value of the particulate samples diameter of getting.
" pectase " refer to can the catalysis hydrolyzed pectin enzyme.
" cellulase " refer to can catalyzing cellulose hydrolysis enzyme.
" hemicellulase " refer to can the catalysis hydrolysis of hemicellulose enzyme.
" carbohydrase " refers to the enzyme that the catalysis syrup is separated.
" by the proportion phase-splitting " refers to realize the method that is separated according to the proportion of each phase of product.
" centrifugation " refers to realize the method that each separates according to proportion by centrifugal force.
" method for protein isolation " refers to any method that protein molecule can be separated in water, other biological molecule (as, lipoid) or other protein molecules.For example, the method among the present invention can realize its separation according to protein molecule size, binding specificity, electric charge, dissolubility.
" protein dissolving method " refers to the solution that contains insoluble protein is handled, the method for dissolving substantially up to this protein molecule.
" alkali extraction " refers to use the solution with alkaline pH value that protein molecule is extracted from solid.
" weak solution " refers to the solution of concentration less than 5 mol.
" isoelectric precipitation method " refers to reduce protein solution pH value to be settled out the method for protein molecule.
Each preferred parameter of distinct methods (including, but are not limited to coconut meat average particle size particle size, temperature, pH value, the type of enzyme, enzyme processing time) can be applicable to concrete processing method separately, also can be used for the combination of wide variety of method steps.
The raw material coconut meat that method among the present invention is used has effective particle size.Can from that give birth to, dry or degreasing coconut, obtain this raw material coconut.If use the degreasing coconut, the coconut oil that the method among the present invention obtains seldom.
In order to obtain coconut meat fresh, that give birth to, need to remove cocoanut shell and skin with conventional method.In this early time treatment process, the coconut water (at the contained liquid in coconut center) with higher market value can be separated with other positions of coconut and collects.Also can replace coconut meat fresh, that give birth to dry coconut meat.Fresh and coconut meat drying (complete, that grind, chopping) can be buied from retail shop and some suppliers.Coconut meat generally contains about 50% to about 75% grease, and about 5% to about 15% protein.
In order to improve the efficient of enzymolysis, can reduce the average particle size particle size of coconut meat with grinding or shredding type.Reduce particle size in this way, will help enzymolysis.Can grind with food-grade usually (as, the Szego mill) grind.Average particle size particle size is preferably about 0.1 to about 50 microns among the present invention, and more preferably about 1 to about 15 microns, preferred 5 to 10 microns.Preferred average particle size particle size depends on the particle disposal condition, and can easily be determined by those of ordinary skills.
In coconut meat, add the output that water can significantly improve enzyme digestion reaction.The operation that adds water can be before grinding processing, among or afterwards.Can produce fuel factor because grind processing, the preferred embodiment of the present invention adds entry before grinding processing, can at utmost reduce fuel factor to the damage of heat-sensitive substance in the coconut meat (as, coconut protein).In the coconut meat particle of effective dimensions, add water and just form coconut homogenate.Preferably, coconut homogenate contains about 1 portion of coconut meat and about 1 to about 20 parts of water (w/v); Better, coconut homogenate contains about 1 portion of coconut meat and about 5 to about 10 parts of water; Preferably, coconut homogenate contains about 1 portion of coconut meat and about 10 parts of water.If desired, can before interpolation, heat water.In a preferred embodiment, use the water under the room temperature or before adding, heat.Preferably, water temperature is about 23 ℃ to about 60 ℃; Better, water temperature is about 23 ℃ to about 40 ℃; Preferably, water temperature is about 35 ℃.
Can adjust the temperature and the pH value of coconut homogenate, make it to help the carrying out of enzyme digestion reaction.According to the type of selecting enzyme for use and other parameters, should before adding enzyme, the recommendation according to the enzyme supplier adjust pH value and temperature.In a preferred embodiment, before adding enzyme to coconut homogenate heat.The temperature of coconut homogenate is preferably about 23 ℃ to about 75 ℃, and more preferably about 40 ℃ to about 65 ℃, preferably approximately 50 ℃.In another preferred embodiment, the pH value of adjusting coconut homogenate before adding enzyme in advance is about 3 to about 6.5, more preferably about 4 to about 5.5, preferably approximately 4.5.In order to obtain the preferred pH value that reduces, can add suitable acid.For reaching this purpose, the acid of preferred food product level is as food grade phosphoric acid.
Enzymolysis is the subsequent step of preparation coconut homogenate.Several enzymes that can buy can satisfy the needs of enzymolysis processing among the present invention effectively.Usually, these enzymes are recommended by the manufacturer, are used for the eucaryotic cell structure of degrading plant material, such as the cell membrane tissue that contains coconut oil (as, cellulose and hemicellulose).Various enzymes can use separately also can be used in combination the particular result that needs to obtain with other effective enzymes.The type of the preferred enzyme of method among the present invention comprises pectase, carbohydrase, cellulase, hemicellulase, and combination.The combination of preferred especially a kind of pectase, carbohydrase, cellulase and hemicellulase.The concrete enzyme that uses comprises Pectinex 3xL (pectase), SP-249 (carbohydrase), Celluclast 1.5L (cellulase), Gamanase (hemicellulase) among the present invention.These four kinds of enzymes all can be bought from NovoNordisk (Denmark).The preferred enzyme of method of the present invention is Gamanase.
Desire improves the efficient of enzymolysis process, should select effective enzyme amount, efficient temperature, pH value and enzyme processing time.Being provided with of single parameter needs with reference to the type of employed enzyme and other parameters in this enzyme digestion reaction.The manufacturer of enzyme generally can provide more guidance in these areas.In a preferred embodiment, employed enzyme amount be the coconut quality about 0.1% to about 5%, more preferably about 1% to about 3%, preferably approximately 2%.Enzyme is handled and can carried out (as, tank diameter) arbitrarily in the suitable containers.Preferred enzyme processing time is the required time that dissociates out fully or almost completely of the grease in coconut meat.According to the different processing parameters and the type of enzyme, enzyme processing time is usually at about 3 to about 36 hours.Enzyme processing time is preferably about 5 to about 30 hours, and more preferably about 7 to about 24 hours, preferably approximately 20 hours.In processing procedure, can stir a period of time earlier and stop to stir a period of time (can in same or different vessels, carry out) then as settling tank.Such as, add after the enzyme, allow homogenate stir enzymolysis 5 hours down in the temperature (as 50 ℃) that raises, under same temperature, do not stir enzymolysis 15 hours then.In the enzymolysis processing process, the coconut meat in the homogenate is degraded to each constituent, obtains enzymolysis product homogenate.At this moment, can be by measuring the process of content of oil and grease deduction reaction in the enzymolysis product.When the grease yield in the enzymolysis product homogenate almost reaches in the raw material coconut meat fat content, can stop enzymolysis processing.
Enzyme then carries out the separation of each composition of enzymolysis product homogenate after handling.Though multiple isolation technics can reach this purpose, press the proportion phase-splitting (as, by than reprecipitation or centrifugal) method is better, preferred centrifugal method.Parameter of noncentricity can be determined at an easy rate by those of ordinary skills.Industrial centrifugal machine effectively be set to 3000-6000Xg.If the use laboratory centrifuge, proved configuration fixedly rotary head IEC effectively be set to 9000Xg.At least can obtain three phases by this separation process: (1) solid phase, (2) water, (3) oil phase.Can utilize the degree of polluting mutually between each phase to estimate the effect of separation.Also may produce the emulsion phase in the separation process.Eliminating this phase also is one of purpose of the present invention.This emulsion generally comprises the mixture of oil and water mutually, and is stablized by the solubility surfactant protein.In emulsion layer, add acid or this layer can be separated into You Heshui its heating.The water layer and the oil reservoir that obtain can add respectively in the water and oil phase of previous acquisition.Following content is to introduce the further continuation processing that enzymolysis product homogenate is separated three main phases that obtain.
Oil phase
Coconut oil in the oil phase has preferable quality.Because it is relatively gentle that enzyme is handled each composition of coconut (comprising grease),, the oil that obtains do not need further processing so can directly using.Because this reason, the coconut oil of acquisition have kept natural taste and fragrance, quality is better than RBD (refining, decolouring, the deodorizing) coconut oil that the traditional industry mode is produced.Further, this enzyme is handled and has been obtained a certain proportion of recovery with respect to traditional industry production.Usually, use the amount of the coconut oil that the method among the present invention obtains to be at least 70% of contained total oil mass in the coconut meat, even can reach 80% or higher.
Though the quality of the oil that enzyme obtains after handling is higher, if oil phase is further purified, quality will be better.After homogenate separated to enzymolysis product, oil phase can contain about 2% moisture.Utilize vacuum drying can reduce residual moisture, be preferably and be less than about 1.0% (mass ratio), preferably be less than about 0.1%.The step that should add can reduce the hydrolysis of unsettled triglycerides.Equally, the quality that can utilize short-path distillation to reduce free fatty makes it to be less than about 2% (mass ratio), preferably is less than about 0.5%.
Water
The water that separates enzymolysis product homogenate acquisition contains coconut fragrance strong, pleasant, sweet taste slightly and lower viscosity, and can directly use and further processing.If it is about 5 that the pH value of coconut homogenate is lower than, coconut protein that this phase contains can account for usually from about 40% to about 55% of coconut meat Tot Prot.Because protein is dissolved in water under this condition, typical concentrations is about 0.1% to about 0.5%.
Though do not need further processing, water just can directly use, and also this phase can be separated at least graywater and coconut milk concentrate.By the further processing to water, protein and other need the concentration of material to be improved and to be retained in the coconut milk concentrate.The technical staff can utilize the method for concentration of knowing, as lyophilization.The preferred membrane separating method that uses is as ultrafiltration or inverse osmosis (though ultrafiltration may cause the loss of fragrance).Commercial scale is handled preferred inverse osmosis.After the processing, contain final protein concentration about 0.5% to 1.5% in the coconut milk concentrate.The most handy Pasteur's method sterilization water before separation, or the coconut milk of after separation, sterilizing.
Extracting the graywater product from aqueous phase is further object of the present invention.Usually, can keep certain impurity in the graywater product, such as residual sugar and protein molecule.Yet, utilize the method among the present invention can reduce the amount of impurity and improve graywater product quality, make it and can recycle.The water (see figure 1) of adding when in other words, the graywater product can begin as treatment process.Water recycle the sewage discharge that has reduced coconut enzyme processing procedure.The potential advantages of this operation also are to cut down expenses, reduce legal liabilities, reach and improve corporate image among the present invention.
Solid phase
The solid phase of separating enzyme reaction product homogenate acquisition accounts for about 10-20% of raw material coconut meat gross mass usually, and contains about 10-20% of total protein concentration.This solid phase is edible.Need, also can further handle to obtain coconut grate product and coconut protein product.Can separate these materials with method for protein isolation commonly used.Preferably at first extract solubilising protein with alkali.In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protein in the solid phase extracts in the alkaline aqueous solution under effective pH value, and common pH value is about 9 to about 12.5, more preferably about 10 to about 12, and preferably approximately 11 to about 12.Any effective alkaline solution be can adopt, NaOH and potassium hydroxide comprised.The sodium hydroxide solution of preferred dilution.Usually, the ratio that adds the water of solid matter be about 1 part of solid phase than about 10 to about 20 parts of water (w/v); Preferably approximately 1 part of solid phase is than about 15 parts of water.Add alkaline solution then to improve the pH value of solid phase and aqueous mixtures, make it to reach effective pH value.Add extra aqueous slkali to keep the effective pH value of solid phase and aqueous mixtures at the alkali leaching process.Aqueous slkali can dissolve a large amount of protein (about at least 70% to about 85%) in the solid phase.After the protein dissolving, the filtrate of containing solubilising protein is carried out acidifying can precipitating proteins.The pH value of the acidic aqueous solution that isoelectric precipitation uses is about 4 to about 6, more preferably about 4 to about 5, and preferably approximately 4.5.The protein of precipitation is creamy white and is not with the coconut smell substantially.Protein that can the conventional method precipitation separation, preferred centrifugation.
Can also obtain the cocoanut fiber of high string content to the separation of solid phase.Need not further handle, the cocoanut fiber product is just edible.Simultaneously also can carry out drying to obtain commercial more value product with proper method.For example adopt spray drying process.
Do not limited to by theoretical, the present invention uses the institutional framework of enzyme degraded coconut, to allow the grease of wherein storage discharge.The result is, thick formula extracting method that need not be conventional (as, squeezing or volatile solvent extract) just coconut oil can be extracted from remaining coconut composition.Further, gentle enzyme processing procedure allow effective recovery of other coconut compositions (as, coconut protein, cocoanut fiber, and the coconut milk concentrate).Like this, the invention provides a kind of coconut meat multifunctional application, method economic, integration.
Though making these products from coconut not need further processing by the method among the present invention can be one of the object of the invention as the food-grade composition directly just, these products also can be used as animal feed or other commercial Application.Such as, the coconut oil that obtains by the method among the present invention is a food-grade, also can mix other edible products (as, cooking oil, baking batching or flavouring agent).In addition, coconut oil also can be used as industrial use, as being used as cleaning agent, soap, emulsion, reaching shampoo.
Further, other coconut products (comprising coconut grate product, coconut protein product, coconut milk concentrate and graywater product) that utilize the inventive method to reclaim can directly be used as food grade materials and mix in the food.Such as, these products from coconut can mainly be used in the nutraceutical (as, wholefood, beverage, and beverage mix).Though other application of these products also are well known to those skilled in the art, some following application have special meaning: (1) coconut milk product can be used as the tropical beverage composition; (2) coconut grate product is rich in the substitute of fibrous material as chaff and other.Simultaneously, the protein product that reclaims by method of the present invention has the protein content higher than soybean, also can be as the substitute of soybean protein.These are used and also non-exclusively comprise as meat additive, processed food, health food, sports drink mixture, baby food and baked goods.
Embodiment
For understanding the present invention better, now describe by embodiment.These embodiment are used for explanation of the invention, and do not think limitation of the present invention.
The processing of the even oar of embodiment 1-coconut
Raw material is that 1000kg business level white coconut meat is (from the unsweetened raw material that grinds of retail shop purchase; Average particle size particle size is 3mm * 0.5mm * 0.5mm).
With the Szego mill 1 portion of coconut meat (room temperature) and 10 parts of water (35 ℃) mixture (w/v) are ground.The temperature with coconut homogenate in large container transfers to about 50 ℃, and mild agitation.To wherein adding the 3M phosphoric acid solution pH value is adjusted to 4.5 again.
Gamanase (Denmark NovoNordisk) solution that accounts for raw material coconut meat mass ratio 2% is added.50 ℃ of following gentle agitation enzymolysis 5 hours left standstill 15 hours under 50 ℃ then., obtain four and separate phases at the centrifugal enzymolysis product of 9000Xg with the IEC that disposes fixed rotor: (1) oil phase (557kg), (2) water (10,275kg (contain protein ingredient: 41.1kg)), (3) solid phase (170kg (lubricant component: 110kg; Protein ingredient: 24.8kg)), reach (4) emulsion phase.
The separation of embodiment 2-solid phase
The solid phase that washing embodiment 1 obtains (account for 17% of gross mass, contain under the raw material coconut meat dry weight state 16.3% grease and 14.6% protein), centrifugal then, lyophilization.The lyophilization product is mixed in the ratio of 1 part of corresponding 15 parts of water of product with water.With 4.25M NaOH (15%) the pH value of solid-phase layer/aqueous mixtures of being obtained is adjusted to 11.5, and at room temperature stirred 1 hour.Add sodium hydroxide solution in this process, so that the pH value of this solid-phase layer/aqueous mixtures maintains 11.5.88% Protein Extraction in the solid-phase layer can be come out like this.
Insoluble solid residue (as, coconut grate product) can filter or centrifugation is separated from the aqueous solution (that is filter liquor) that contains solvable coconut protein.Dry coconut grate product (adopting as spray-dired method), the mass ratio of the contained residual moisture of coconut grate of acquisition is approximately 9%.
After separate obtaining coconut grate product, the pH value of filter liquor is transferred to 4.5 with precipitating proteins with dilute hydrochloric acid solution.Gentle agitation albumen suspension is 30 minutes then, makes precipitation fully, carries out centrifugation then.The solid matter that is obtained is carried out drying (as, lyophilization).The albumen that extracts (20.3kg) is the tasteless solid of milky, accounts for proteolytic 93.5%.
The processing of embodiment 3-oil phase
The oil phase that embodiment 1 obtains contains the moisture of mass ratio 2%.Vacuum drying oil phase under 80 ℃, 50mmHg reduces to mass ratio 0.05% up to moisture content.Because the quality of the oil that obtains is very high, think to there is no need to adopt conventional method of refining.
Also can carry out short-path distillation, removing volatile non-triglycerides composition, thereby reduce free fatty (final level is lower than about 0.1%) the oil phase that embodiment 1 obtains.
The separation of embodiment 4-water
The water that obtains among the embodiment 1 has kept strong coconut fragrance, sweet taste slightly, has reached lower viscosity.The protein content of this phase accounts for 43.7% of raw material coconut meat gross protein.Coconut water is carried out lyophilization makes the protein concentration in the liquid bring up to 1.5% by 0.4%.Preferred anti-phase infiltration of employing and ultrafiltration concentrate water.The moisture that concentration process keeps becomes the graywater product, and only contains few impurity (protein and glycan molecule).The graywater product can be used for the coconut meat of next round to be handled.
Although invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments,, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and variation.Various change of the present invention, variation and equivalent are contained by the content of appending claims.
Other embodiment comprise in the claims.
Claims (42)
1. produce the method for edible coconut product, comprising:
The coconut meat of effective particle size is mixed the homogenate of formation coconut with the water of effective dose;
Under effective pH value and temperature conditions, use at least a enzyme to handle coconut homogenate effective time to obtain enzymolysis product homogenate; And
Separate described enzymolysis product homogenate, form an oil phase, a water at least, reach a solid phase.
2. method according to claim 1 comprises the purifying of oil phase.
3. method according to claim 1 comprises the separation of water, generates a kind of graywater product and coconut milk concentrate at least.
4. method according to claim 1 comprises the separation of solid phase, forms a kind of coconut grate product and coconut protein product at least.
5. method according to claim 2, wherein said purification process is vacuum drying.
6. method according to claim 2, wherein said purification process is a short-path distillation.
7. method according to claim 6, the mass ratio of the contained free fatty of oil phase behind the wherein said purifying is lower than about 0.5%.
8. method according to claim 6, the mass ratio of the contained free fatty of oil phase behind the wherein said purifying is lower than about 0.1%.
9. method according to claim 5, the oil phase behind the wherein said purifying moisture mass ratio be lower than about 0.5%.
10. method according to claim 5, the oil phase behind the wherein said purifying moisture mass ratio be lower than about 0.1%.
11. method according to claim 3, the water of wherein said effective dose is taken from the graywater product.
12. method according to claim 3, what the separation of wherein said water was used is membrane separating method.
13. method according to claim 12, wherein said membrane separating method are ultrafiltration.
14. method according to claim 12, wherein said membrane separating method are inverse osmosis.
15. method according to claim 1, wherein said coconut meat takes spontaneous coconut.
16. method according to claim 1, the average particle size particle size of wherein said coconut are about 10 microns.
17. method according to claim 1, wherein said coconut homogenate comprise that about a coconut meat and about 1 is to about 20 parts of water.
18. method according to claim 1, wherein said coconut homogenate comprise that about a coconut meat and about 5 is to about 10 parts of water.
19. method according to claim 1, wherein said pH value are about 4 to about 6.
20. method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme account for the mass ratio of described coconut meat and are at least about 0.1% to about 3%.
21. it is about 2% that method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme account for the mass ratio of described coconut meat.
22. method according to claim 1, wherein said temperature are about 25 ℃ to about 75 ℃.
23. method according to claim 1, the wherein said processing time is about 3 to about 24 hours.
24. method according to claim 1, the wherein said processing time is about 15 hours.
25. method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme is selected from the group of being made up of pectase, cellulase, hemicellulase, carbohydrase and composition thereof.
26. method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme are hemicellulase.
27. method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme reaction product homogenate is by obtaining by the proportion phase-splitting.
28. method according to claim 27, wherein said is centrifugation by the proportion phase-splitting.
29. method according to claim 4, the separation of wherein said solid phase is implemented by the Separation of Proteins step.
30. method according to claim 29, wherein said solid phase isolation methods is implemented by the protein dissolving step.
31. being alkali, method according to claim 30, wherein said protein dissolving method extract.
32. method according to claim 31, wherein said alkali are extracted in pH value about 11 to about 12 times enforcements.
33. method according to claim 31, wherein said alkali extracts the use that comprises dilute solution of sodium hydroxide.
34. method according to claim 4, the mass ratio of contained humidity is lower than about 6% after the wherein said coconut grate product drying.
35. the described method of claim 4 comprises the isoelectric precipitation method.
36. method according to claim 35, wherein said isoelectric precipitation is implemented to about 5 situations in pH value about 4.
37. method according to claim 4, wherein said coconut protein product account for about 5% of coconut meat Tot Prot at least.
38. method according to claim 4, wherein said coconut protein product account for about 10% of coconut meat Tot Prot at least.
39. the described method of claim 3 comprises coconut homogenate concentrate is carried out isoelectric precipitation.
40. the described method of claim 3 comprises coconut homogenate concentrate is carried out alkali dissolving and isoelectric precipitation.
41. the described method of claim 4 comprises alkali dissolving and isoelectric precipitation.
42. according to claim 40 or 41 described methods, wherein said alkali is dissolved in pH value about 11 and implements to about 12 conditions, and described isoelectric precipitation is implemented to about 5 conditions in pH value about 4.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18245300P | 2000-02-15 | 2000-02-15 | |
| US60/182,453 | 2000-02-15 |
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|---|---|
| CN1423530A true CN1423530A (en) | 2003-06-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01807991A Pending CN1423530A (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-02-13 | Enzymatic processing of coconut meat to produce edible products |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1423530A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001238223A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001060181A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101185510B (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2011-11-30 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for preparing coconut oil using Chinese flowering quince syrup to treat coconut milky juice |
| CN102578358A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-18 | 李澄英 | Method for preparing coconut polypeptide and coconut polypeptide prepared by same |
| CN102696989A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 佘延英 | Manufacture method of natural coconut powder |
| CN103584236A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-19 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for preparing low-temperature concentrated coconut milk |
| CN111821370A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-10-27 | 云南拜奥泰克生物技术有限责任公司 | Compositions and methods for treating dry eye |
| CN112040966A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-12-04 | 云南拜奥泰克生物技术有限责任公司 | Treating xerophthalmia |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004026729A1 (en) * | 2003-11-11 | 2005-06-16 | Werner Baensch | Production of vegetable foods from coconuts comprises fermenting pulverized pressed cake by mashing with water to create pumpable pulp added with enzyme preparation, and isolating coconut meal by homogenization, and pasteurization |
| SG142133A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2008-05-28 | Universal Wellness Pte Ltd | Virgin coconut oil and production thereof |
| PH12014000123A1 (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2015-11-09 | Kimes Priscila F | Ready-to-eat, gluten-free and ketogenic coconut meat-based cereal |
| SG10201607249VA (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-03-28 | Integrated Food Proc Machinery Pte Ltd | Process of producing edible coconut products |
| CN110511817A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-11-29 | 海南尧香堂文化创意有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of fragrance coconut oil |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DK77788A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1989-08-17 | Novo Industri As | METHOD OF MAKING COCONUT OIL |
| CN1098882A (en) * | 1993-08-17 | 1995-02-22 | 吴文才 | Multi-enzyme system prepares the method for fruit and vegetable juice and protein emulsion |
-
2001
- 2001-02-13 AU AU2001238223A patent/AU2001238223A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-13 WO PCT/US2001/004648 patent/WO2001060181A1/en active Search and Examination
- 2001-02-13 CN CN01807991A patent/CN1423530A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101185510B (en) * | 2007-12-24 | 2011-11-30 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for preparing coconut oil using Chinese flowering quince syrup to treat coconut milky juice |
| CN102578358A (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2012-07-18 | 李澄英 | Method for preparing coconut polypeptide and coconut polypeptide prepared by same |
| CN102578358B (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-07-24 | 伍曾利 | Method for preparing coconut polypeptide and coconut polypeptide prepared by same |
| CN102696989A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 佘延英 | Manufacture method of natural coconut powder |
| CN103584236A (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2014-02-19 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | Method for preparing low-temperature concentrated coconut milk |
| CN103584236B (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2016-02-03 | 中国热带农业科学院椰子研究所 | A kind of low temperature concentrates the preparation method of coconut palm slurry |
| CN111821370A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-10-27 | 云南拜奥泰克生物技术有限责任公司 | Compositions and methods for treating dry eye |
| CN112040966A (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-12-04 | 云南拜奥泰克生物技术有限责任公司 | Treating xerophthalmia |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2001238223A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
| WO2001060181A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
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