CN1390096A - 提供和维持能量及精神灵敏性的组合物、试剂盒及方法 - Google Patents
提供和维持能量及精神灵敏性的组合物、试剂盒及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及向食用者提供和稳定维持能量的组合物,及包括该组合物的试剂盒和使用该组合物的方法。具体而言,本发明的组合物包括糖的混合物,该混合物在被耗用时能提供即时的和持续的能量。该组合物可选择地,但优选包括一种或多种提神剂和/或黄烷醇类,所述提神剂和/或黄烷醇类与上述混合物组合提供持续的能量及精神灵敏性,且没有神经过敏或紧张。
Description
本发明领域
本发明涉及可用作为如食品和/或饮料组合物的组合物。本发明进一步涉及包含该组合物的试剂盒及使用该组合物的方法。
本发明背景
在下午稍晚时候,即自午餐后的约2或3小时至约晚餐时间,消费者普遍会经历能量下降及精神灵敏性降低。已经确定这是由于血液葡萄糖水平降低引起的。许多消费者通过摄到起糖源作用的饮料或糖果条来对抗该能量下降,所述糖源如蔗糖。
令消费者遗憾的是,这些普通能源作用太快并且不能长时间维持。而是,该能源易很快地和过量地升高血液葡萄糖水平,随后血液葡萄糖水平快速消耗。通常过量的血液葡萄糖水平引发机体产生胰岛素,其使葡萄糖被快速代谢。一旦葡萄糖被代谢,葡萄糖水平低于摄取含糖饮料或糖果条前的水平。消费者经历了起始“糖高”(即葡萄糖或糖水平过高)和随后的“糖溃”(即葡萄糖或糖的消耗)的血液葡萄糖水平的变化。
本发明人惊奇地发现了组合物,该组合物通过将血液葡萄糖水平快速提高至适于提供所需能量的水平,同时避免血液葡萄糖水平过高来解决上述问题,该葡萄糖水平过高可引发过度胰岛素反应。本发明的组合物在被摄取后可使理想的血液葡萄糖水平维持时间延长以提供能量和精神灵敏性。
本发明概述
本发明涉及用于向食用者提供和维持能量和精神灵敏性的组合物、试剂盒及方法。此处所述的组合物包括饮料组合物、饮料浓缩物及基本干组合物。
具体而言,本发明涉及饮料组合物,其包括:
(a)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种单糖;
(b)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种双糖;
(c)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种复合糖;和
(d)大于约60%的水。
本发明进一步涉及饮料浓缩物,其包括:
(a)一种或多种单糖;
(b)一种或多种双糖;和
(c)一种或多种复合糖;和
(d)约20%-约60%的水;
其中该饮料浓缩物的单糖与复合糖的比为约1∶5-约10∶1,和单糖与双糖的比为约1∶15-约15∶1,以该饮料浓缩物重量计。
本发明进一步涉及基本干组合物,其包括:
(a)一种或多种单糖
(b)一种或多种双糖;和
(c)一种或多种复合糖;
其中该组合物的单糖与复合糖的比为约1∶5-约10∶1,及单糖与双糖的比为约1∶15-约15∶1。
在本明的优选实施方案中,一种或更多种提神剂和/或一种或更多种黄烷醇类包含在本发明的组合物中。
本发明的详细描述
本发明涉及用作为如食品和/或饮料组合物的组合物。本发明进一步涉及包含该组合物的试剂盒和使用该组合物的方法。
专利公开和专利在此文中通篇提及。在此引用的所有文献是供参考的。
所有的百分比及比率以重量计,除非另有说明。所有百分比及比率是基于组合物总体计算的,除非另有说明。
所有组份或组合物的水平是指该组份或组合物的活性水平,并且不包括可能存在在商购品中的杂质,如残留溶剂或副产品。
此文中提及的是组份的商品名,所述组份包括但不限于某糖、香精及其他组份。此处本发明人不倾向受某商品名下的材料的限制。可以用与由商品名提及的那些材料相当的材料(如得自于在不同名或目录下的不同来源的那些)来代替并用于本发明的组合物、试剂盒及方法。
在本发明的描述中,公开了各种实施方案和/或个体特征。对本领域普通技术人员来说显而易见的是,该实施方案和特征的所有组合是可能的,并能导致本发明的优选实施。
在此该组合物、试剂盒及方法可包括、基本上由、或由如此文中所述的任何要素组成。
如此文中所用的,其中术语“组合物”等不特别指一种饮料组合物、浓缩物或基本干组合物,该术语意指所有的饮料组合物、浓缩物或基本干组合物。
本发明的组合物
本发明的组合物向食用者提供和维持能量和精神灵敏性。可选择地和优选地,该组合物进一步提供饱足感和/或提神。本发明人惊奇地发现本发明的组合物能提供和维持能量和精神灵敏性,所述组合物包括一种或多种单糖、一种或多种双糖、一种或多种复合糖和可选择组份水的混合物。在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中,一种或多种提神剂和/或一种或多种黄烷醇类包含在本发明的组合物中。不倾向受理论束缚,本发明人已经发现包含一种或多种提神剂和/或一种或多种黄烷醇类(参见下文中的可选择组份)能延迟与本发明的组合物摄取有关的血糖反应,由此向服用者提供能量和精神灵敏性的进一步维持。
用于此处的组合物可以是通常包括至少约70%水的饮料组合物;可以是通常包括约20%-约70%水的饮料浓缩物;和通常包括小于约20%水的基本干组合物,均以该组合物重量计。
正如本发明人所发现的,本发明的组合物含有可消化的糖类的平衡的、复杂混合物,该混合物提供和维持能量和精神灵敏性。本发明人进一步发现在选择用于本发明的组合物的有效糖类和糖量时,选择糖类及其量使达到足够的消化及肠吸收速率以提供葡萄糖的稳定维持是重要的,从而向食用者提供能量和灵敏性。
已经发现用于此处的单糖向食用者提供直接能量,而双糖及复合糖组份在消化道中水解以向食用者提供随后的能量及能量维持。在此还描述了,包含一种或多种提神剂和/或黄烷醇类能增强此内反应。因此,如将在此更具体讨论的,为最佳化能量及精神灵敏性的维持,向所述组合物提供一种或多种提神剂和/或黄烷醇类是特别优选的实施方案。单糖
用于此处的单糖是具有CnH2nOn的分子通式的,其中n为等于或大于3的整数。此处单糖是可消化的,即能被哺乳动物体代谢的。可用于此处的单糖包括但不限于山梨糖醇、甘露糖醇、赤藓糖、苏糖、核糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、核酮糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、果糖和山梨糖。用于此处的单糖优选葡萄糖和果糖,最优选葡萄糖。双糖
用于此处的双糖是具有CnH2n-2On-1的分子通式的,其中所述双糖具有通过苷键联接的2个单糖单体。在该通式中,n是等于或大于3的整数。此处的双糖是可消化的,即能被哺乳动物体代谢的。可用于此处的双糖包括但不限于蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖醇、麦芽糖醇、麦芽寡糖类和乳糖。用于此处的双糖最优选蔗糖。复合糖
用于此处的复合糖是低聚糖、多糖和/或糖衍生物,优选低聚糖和/或多糖。在此处,术语“低聚糖”意指具有3-9个单糖单体的可消化的线性分子,所述单体通过苷键共价联接,术语“多糖”意指具有大于9个单糖单体的可消化的(即能被人体代谢的)大分子,其中所述单体通过苷键共价联接。该多糖可以是线性链或支链的。优选地,该多糖具有9-约20个单糖单体。糖衍生物如多元醇(如丙三醇)也可作为此处的复合糖。术语“可消化的”意指能够被人体产生的酶代谢的。用于此处的多糖包括但不限于稳定淀粉(如生玉米淀粉)和老化直链淀粉(如高直链玉米淀粉),因为此类多糖是公知的能被人体消化的。
优选的复合糖包括但不限于棉子糖、水苏糖、麦芽三糖、麦芽四糖、糖元、直链淀粉、支链淀粉、聚葡萄糖和麦芽糊精。首选的复合糖是麦芽糊精。
麦芽糊精是一种复合糖分子形式,该复合糖分子在长度方向是几个葡萄糖单体。不受理论束缚,由于在消化道中麦芽糊精水解为葡萄糖,它们可被用作为延续的葡萄糖源。麦芽糊精可以是喷雾干燥的糖成份,所述糖成份是由玉米淀粉的控制水解制得的。如本领域所公知的,麦芽糊精的葡萄糖当量(“DE”)是淀粉聚合物水解程度的良好指数。优选的麦芽糊精是DE为约22或更小的那些。用于此处的优选的麦芽糊精是DE为约15-约20的那些,更优选DE为约16-约20的那些。
如上所述,该饮料组合物、饮料浓缩物和基本干组合物包括一种或多种单糖、一种或多种双糖、和一种或多种复合糖。以下详细描述该组合物。饮料组合物
本发明的饮料组合物包括简单糖和复合糖的混合物,所述混合物已被发现能超时提供和维持能量及精神灵敏性。如在此所发现的,此处所述的饮料组合物是特别有用的,因为其可向食用者提供平稳的和持久的能量,而没有快的和瞬变的血液葡萄糖水平的峰。
本发明的饮料组合物包括:
(a)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种单糖;
(b)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种双糖
(c)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种复合糖;和
(d)至少约60%的水。
用于此处的该饮料组合物的单糖的量优选约0.1%-约15%,更优选约1%-约10%,和最优选约1%-约5%。如此处所定义的,单糖的总量包括任何添加的单糖及天然存在于所添加的果汁、茶提取物或本发明组合物的任何其他组份中的那些。
用于该饮料组合物的双糖的量为约0.1%-约15%,更优选约1%-约15%,还更优选约1%-10%,甚至更优选约1%-约9%,及最优选约1.5%-约9%,以该组合物重量计。如此处所定义的,双糖的总量包括任何添加的双糖及天然存在于任何添加的果汁、茶提取物或本发明组合物的任何其他组份中的那些。
在本发明的组合物中,低聚糖或多糖被用作为复合糖,在所述组合物中,该糖的用量为约0.1%-约15%,优选约1%-10%及最优选约1.5%-约5%,以该组合物的重量计。当希望使用多元醇作为该糖,通常在本发明中多元醇的用量为约0.1%-约15%,优选约6%-约10%。如在此处所定义的,复合糖的总量包括任何添加的复合糖及存在于任何添加的果汁、茶提取物或本发明组合物中的任何其他组份中的那些。
本发明人进一步发现单糖与复合糖的比率是重要的,因为其能被调节至提供和维持能量而不产生血液葡萄糖水平的不良高峰。如此处所发现的,单糖与复合糖的理想比率为约1∶5-约10∶1,优选约1∶3-约5∶1,及最优选约1∶2-约3∶1,均以该组合物重量计。
用于本发明的饮料组合物的水量为使该饮料组合物适合作为稀释的即饮饮料。通常本发明的饮料组合物包括至少约60%的水,优选至少约70%的水、还更优选至少约75%的水,甚至更优选至少约80%的水及最优选至少约83%的水,均以该组合物重量计。饮料浓缩物
本发明的饮料浓缩物包括简单糖和复合糖的混合物,所述混合物已被发现能超时提供和维持能量及精神灵敏性。如此处所发现的,此处所述的饮料浓缩物(基于复原或进一步稀释)是特别有用的,因为其可向食用者提供持久的能量而没有快的和瞬变的血液葡萄糖水平的峰。
本发明的饮料浓缩物可以是如糖浆和/或含水浓缩物。通过用水或其他含水液体复原或稀释,该饮料浓缩物通常被配制成可饮用的饮料组合物。
本发明的饮料浓缩物包括:
(a)一种或多种单糖;
(b)一种或多种双糖;
(c)一种或多种复合糖;和
(d)约20%-约60%的水;
其中该饮料浓缩物的单糖与复合糖的比为约1∶5-约10∶1,和单糖与双糖的比为约1∶15-约15∶1,均以该饮料浓缩物重量计。
在该饮料浓缩物中单糖的用量优选为小于约25%,更优选为小于约20%,及最优选小于约17%,均以该饮料浓缩物重量计。如此处所定义的,单糖的总量包括任何添加的单糖及天然存在于任何添加的果汁、茶提取物或本发明的饮料浓缩物的任何其他组份中的单糖。
在该饮料浓缩物中,双糖的用量为小于约20%,更优选为小于约17%及最优选小于约15%,均以该饮料浓缩物重量计。如此处所定义的,双糖的总量包括任何添加的双糖及天然存在于任何添加的果汁、茶提取物或本发明组合物的任何其他组份中的双糖。
存在于本发明的饮料浓缩物中的复合糖的量为优选小于约25%,更优选小于约20%及最优选小于约17%,均以该饮料浓缩物重量计。如此处所定义的,复合糖的总量包括任何添加的复合糖及天然存在于任何添加的果汁、茶提取物或本发明组合物的任何其他组份中的复合糖。
关于如上所述的饮料组合物,本发明人已经发现单糖与复合糖的比率对该饮料浓缩物是重要的,因为其能够被调节至向食用者提供和维持能量及精神灵敏性而不产生血液葡萄糖水平的不良高峰。类似地,已经发现单糖与双糖的比率对于提供和维持能量是重要的。如此处所发现的,在本发明的饮料浓缩物中,单糖与复合糖的理想比率为约1∶5-约10∶1,优选为约1∶3-约5∶1,及最优选约1∶2-约3∶1,均以该组合物重量计。另外,在本发明的饮料浓缩物中,单糖与双糖的理想比率为约1∶15-约15∶1,优选为约1∶7-约7∶1,及最优选约1∶3-约3∶1,均以该饮料浓缩物重量计。
在本发明的饮料浓缩物中,水的用量为使该饮料浓缩物适合作为饮料浓缩物,通常为糖浆或含水浓缩物的形式,在用水或其他含水液体进一步稀释后,该饮料浓缩物成为即饮饮料。通常本发明的饮料浓缩物包括约20%-约60%的水,优选约20%-约50%的水,及最优选约20%-约40%的水,均以该饮料浓缩物重量计。基本干组合物
本发明的基本干组合物也包括简单糖和复合糖的混合物,该混合物被发现能超时提供和维持能量及灵敏性。如此处所发现的,此处所述的基本干饮料组合物(基于复原或进一步稀释)是特别有用的,因为其可向食用者提供持久的能量而没有快的和瞬变的血液葡萄糖水平的峰。
基本干组合物通常为如粉末、粒剂或片剂的形式。该基本干组合物可以用水或其他含水液体稀释,或可加入至其他固体中,所述固体如条(如谷物条、早餐条、能量条及营养条)。当该基本干组合物以饮料或以固体食物被摄取时,食用者可体验超时的能量保持而没有通常与含糖饮料或食物有关的快的和瞬变的葡萄糖峰。
本发明的基本干组合物包括:
(a)一种或多种单糖;
(b)一种或多种双糖;
(c)一种或多种复合糖;和
(d)小于约20%的水;
其中该组合物的单糖与复合糖的比为约1∶5-约10∶1,及单糖与双糖的比为约1∶15-15∶1,均以该组合物重量计。
在本发明的基本干组合物中,单糖的用量优选为约10%-约75%,更优选为约20%-约50%,及最优选约25%-约40%,均以该组合物重量计。如此处所定义的,单糖的总量包括任何添加的单糖及天然存在于本发明组合物的任何添加的组份中的单糖。
本发明的基本干组合物中,双糖的用量优选为约10%-约75%,更优选为约20%-约50%,及最优选为约25%-约40%,均以该组合物重量计。如此处所定义的,双糖的总量包括任何添加的双糖及天然存在于在本发明组合物的任何添加的组份中的双糖。
本发明的基本干组合物中,复合糖的用量优选为约5%-约60%,更优选为约10%-约40%,及最优选为约15%-约30%,均以该组合物重量计。如此处所定义的,复合糖的总量包括任何添加的复合糖及天然存在于本发明组合物的任何添加的组份中的复合糖。
关于如上所述的饮料组合物,本发明人已经发现单糖与复合糖的比率对于基本干组合物是重要的,因为其能够被调节至向食用者提供和维持能量而不产生血液葡萄糖水平的不良高峰。类似地,已经发现单糖与双糖的比率对于提供和维持能量是重要的。如此处所发现的,在本发明的基本干组合物中,单糖与复合糖的理想比率为约1∶5-约10∶1,优选为约1∶3-约5∶1,及最优选为约1∶2-约3∶1,均以该组合物重量计。另外,在本发明的基本干组合物中,单糖与双糖的理想比率为约1∶15-约15∶1,优选约1∶7-约7∶1,及最优选为约1∶3-约3∶1,均以该组合物重量计。
在本发明的基本干组合物中。水的用量为通常小于20%,优选小于约10%,更优选小于约5%及最优选小于约3%,均以该组合物重量计。
本发明的组合物的可选择组份
本发明的组合物可包括另外的可选择组份以增强如在提供能量、精神灵敏性、感官特性及营养全面性方面的性能。例如,一种或多种提神剂、黄烷醇类、乳固体、可溶性纤维、无热量甜味剂及营养素、矫味剂、染色剂和防腐剂、乳化剂、油和碳酸气成份等可包括在该组合物中。该可选择组份可以被分散、溶解或混入本发明的组合物中。倘若这些组份大体上不防碍该饮料组合物的性质,特别是提供能量及精神灵敏性的性质,这些组份可加入至本发明的组合物中。下面给出适用于此的可选择组份的例子,但限于此。提神剂
一种或多种提神剂可包括在本发明中以向食用者额外地提供和能量保持,及由此的灵敏性,而没有通常与典型的饮料组合物中的提神剂有关的紧张或神经过敏。不受理论束缚,本发明人已经发现包含一种或多种提神剂能延迟与本发明的组合物的摄取有关的血糖反应,由此向服用者提供进一步的能量保持。在该组合物被消化时,由于一种或多种提神剂将提供能量及特别是保持能量,包括一种或多种提神剂是本发明的特别优选的实施方案。
如本领域所公知的,通过从天然源中提取或通过合成能够得到提神剂。提神剂包括但不限于甲基黄嘌呤如咖啡因、可可碱、茶叶碱。另外,许多其他的黄嘌呤衍生物已经被分离或合成,其可用作为本发明组合物中的提神剂。参见如Bruns,生物化学药物学,第30卷,第325-333页(1981)描述了黄嘌呤、9-甲基黄嘌呤、7-甲基黄嘌呤、3-甲基黄嘌呤、3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、8-氯甲基-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、8-羟甲基-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、3,7-二乙基黄嘌呤、3,7-双-(2-羟乙基)黄嘌呤、3-丙基-7-(二甲基氨乙基)黄嘌呤、1-甲基黄嘌呤、1,9-二甲基黄嘌呤、1-甲基-8-甲硫基黄嘌呤、8-苯基-1-甲基黄嘌呤、1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、1,7-二甲基-8-羰基黄嘌呤、1,3-二甲基黄嘌呤、1,3,9-三甲基黄嘌呤、8-氟茶叶碱、8-氯茶叶碱、8-溴茶叶碱、8-硫茶叶碱、8-甲硫基茶叶碱、8-乙硫基茶叶碱、8-硝基茶叶碱、8-甲氨基茶叶碱、8-二甲氨基茶叶碱、8-甲基茶叶碱、8-乙基茶叶碱、8-丙基茶叶碱、8-环丙基茶叶碱、茶叶碱-8-丙酸酯(乙酯)、8-苄基茶叶碱、8-环戊基茶叶碱、8-环己基茶叶碱、8-(3-吲哚基)茶叶碱、8-苯基茶叶碱、9-甲基-8-苯基茶叶碱、8-(对-氯苯基)茶叶碱、8-(对-溴苯基)茶叶碱、8-(对-甲氧苯基)茶叶碱、8-(对-硝苯基)茶叶碱、8-(对-二甲基氨苯基)茶叶碱、8-(对甲苯基)茶叶碱、8-(3,4-二氯苯基)茶叶碱、8-(间-硝基苯基)茶叶碱、8-(邻-硝基苯基)茶叶碱、8-(邻-羧苯基)茶叶碱、8-(1-萘基)茶叶碱、8-(2,6-二甲基-4-羟苯基)茶叶碱、7-甲氧基-8-苯基茶叶碱、1,3,7-三甲基黄嘌呤、S-氯咖啡因、S-羰基咖啡因、S-甲氧基咖啡因、S-甲氨基咖啡因、8-二乙氨基咖啡因、8-乙基咖啡因、7-乙基茶叶碱、7-(2-氯乙基)茶叶碱、7-(2-羟乙基)茶叶碱、7-(羧甲基)茶叶碱、7-(羧甲基)茶叶碱(乙酯)、7-(2-羟丙基)茶叶碱、7-(2,3-二羟丙基)茶叶碱、7-β-D-呋喃核糖基茶叶碱、7-(甘油-戊-2烯醇吡喃基)茶叶碱、7-苯基茶叶碱、7,8-二苯基茶叶碱、1-甲基-3,7-二乙基黄嘌呤、1-甲基-3-异丁基黄嘌呤、1-乙基-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、1,3-二乙基黄嘌呤、1,3,7-三乙基黄嘌呤、1-乙基-3-丙基-7-丁基-8-甲基黄嘌呤、1,3-二丙基黄嘌呤、1,3-二丙烯基黄嘌呤、1-丁基-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、1-己基-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、和1-(5-己氧基)-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤。
另外,这些提神剂的一种或多种存在于如咖啡、茶、可乐果、可可豆、巴拉圭茶1、代茶冬青、巴西可可浆和yoco中。天然植物提取物是提神剂的优选来源,因为它们可能含有延迟该提神剂生物活性的其他化合物,由此它们可提神及提供精神灵敏性而没有紧张或神经过敏。
最优选的甲基黄嘌呤是咖啡因。咖啡因可以从上述植物或它们的废料得到,或可由合成制备。咖啡因的优选植物来源包括绿茶、巴西可可、巴拉圭茶1、红茶、可乐果、可可和咖啡,所述咖啡因作为全部的或部分的咖啡因来源。如在此所用的,绿茶、巴西可可、咖啡和巴拉圭茶是咖啡因的最优选的的植物来源,首选绿茶、巴西可可和咖啡。巴拉圭茶具有抑制食欲的额外效果而可包括在有此目的的产品中。在本发明的任何实施方案中,咖啡因的总量包括天然存在于茶提取物、矫味剂、植物和任何其他组份中的咖啡因量和任何添加的咖啡因的量。
在此使用的任何提神剂优选以生理适应量存在,其意指用于本发明中的提神剂源提供安全的、有效的量以获得所需的精神灵敏性。
在将提神剂用于本发明的饮料组合物时,该组合物优选包括约0.0005%-约1%,更优选约0.003%-约0.5%,及更优选约0.003%-约0.2%,甚至更优选约0.005-约0.05%,和最优选约0.005%-约0.02%的提神剂,以该组合物重量计。当然,如本领域技术人员可理解的,所加入的提神剂的确切量将取决于其生物效果,如对食用者的精神灵敏性的效果。
在将提神剂用于本发明的饮料浓缩物时,该饮料浓缩物优选包括约0.004%-约1.4%、更优选约0.02%-约0.7%、及最优选0.03%-约0.2%的提神剂,以该饮料浓缩物重量计。
在将提神剂加入至本发明的基本干组合物时,该组合物优选包括约0.004%-约1.4%、更优选约0.02%-约0.7%、及最优选0.03%-约0.2%的提神剂,以该基本干组合物重量计。
在所有本发明的组合物中,提神剂的总量包括任何添加的提神剂和天然存在于本发明的组合物的其他组份中的提神剂。黄烷醇类
对于其他可选择组份、本发明特别优选一种或多种黄烷醇类。不受理论束缚,本发明人已经发现包含一种或多种黄烷醇类能延迟与本发明组合物的摄取有关的血糖反应,由此向服用者提供进一步的能量保持。当该组合物被消化时,由于一种或多种黄烷醇类提供能量及特别是保持能量,因此包含一种或多种黄烷醇类是本发明特别优选的实施方案。
黄烷醇类是存在于各种植物(如水果、蔬菜和花)中的天然物质。可用于本发明的黄烷醇类可通过本领域技术人员公知的任何适当的方法从如水果、蔬菜、绿茶或其他天然源中提取得到。如用乙酸乙酯或氯化有机溶剂提取是常用的从绿茶中分离黄烷醇类的方法。黄烷醇类可以从单一的植物或植物的混合物提取得到。许多水果、蔬菜和花含有黄烷醇类,但相对于绿茶来说含量较低。含有黄烷醇类的植物对本领域技术人员来说是公知的。由茶植物和棕儿茶(Catechugambir)(Uncaria科)的其他植物提取得到的常用黄烷醇类包括如儿茶素、表儿茶素、棓儿茶素、表棓儿茶素、表儿茶素棓酸盐和表棓儿茶素棓酸盐。
用于所有本发明组合物的黄烷醇类能够是茶提取物的形式。该茶提取物能够由未发酵茶、发酵茶、部分发酵茶和它们的混合物提取得到。优选地,该茶提取物由未发酵茶和部分发酵茶提取得到。最优选的茶提取物得自于绿茶。热提取物和冷提取物均能用于本发明。得到茶提取物的合适的方法是公知的,参见如:Ekanayake,US5,879,733,1999年3月9日公开;Tsai,US4,935,256,1990年6月公开;Lunder,US4,680,193,1987年7月公开;和Creswick,US4,668,525,1987年5月26日公开。
本发明组合物中的黄烷醇类的优选来源是绿茶。当绿茶、尤其是绿茶中的黄烷醇类加入至所述饮料中时,本发明人发现黄烷醇类至少部分地引起提神剂的生物活性的延迟,这能够减少和/或消除通常与该提神剂有关的神经过敏和紧张。
可选择地,这些黄烷醇类可通过合成或其他合适的化学方法制备并可加入到本发明组合物中。黄烷醇类包括儿茶素、表儿茶素及它们的衍生物是可商购得到的。
本发明的饮料组合物中的黄烷醇类的量是可变的。然而,当使用一种或多种黄烷醇类时,该一种或多种黄烷醇类的用量优选为约0.001%-约5%,更优选为约0.001%-约2%,甚至更优选为约0.01%-约1%,和最优选为约0.01%-约0.05%,以该组合物重量计。另外,当提神剂用于本发明组合物时,提神剂(如咖啡因)与黄烷醇的比率优选为约1∶0.5-约1∶30,更优选约1∶1-约1∶30,甚至更优选为约1∶1-约1∶10,和最优选为约1∶1-约1∶4,以该饮料组合物重量计。
当一种或多种黄烷醇类被用于本发明的饮料浓缩物或基本干组合物时,存在于所述饮料浓缩物或基本干组合物中的黄烷醇的量优选至少约0.001%-约10%,更优选为约0.01%-约7%,甚至更优选为约0.05%-约2%,和最优选为约0.07%-约0.4%,以该饮料浓缩物或基本干组合物的重量计。另外,在提神剂被用于本发明饮料浓缩物或基本干组合物时,提神剂(如咖啡因)与黄烷醇的比率优选为约1∶0.5-约1∶30,更优选约1∶1-约1∶30,甚至更优选为约1∶1-约1∶10,和首选为约1∶1-约1∶4,以该饮料浓缩物或基本干组合物重量计。
在本发明的所有实施方案中,黄烷醇类的总量包括任何添加的黄烷醇类及天然存在于本发明组合物的任何其他组份中的任何黄烷醇类。乳固体
本发明组合物还可选择地包括一种或多种乳固体以提供如饱足感和提神。如此处所用的,乳固体是指一种或多种哺乳动物的乳或植物乳,其包括如发酵乳、通过乳酸发酵或其他酸化方法得到的乳酸饮料、消毒乳、液体乳和乳制品如乳粉或全脂乳粉或其他粉末乳。如此处所用的,乳固体意指乳的固形物含量或干物质。
当使用一种或多种乳固体时,对于本发明的组合物,所需的乳固体的总量为约0.001%-约15%,优选约0.005%-约10%,和最优选约0.1%-约5%。乳固体的总量包括任何添加的乳固体及天然存在于本发明组合物的任何其他组份中的乳固体。可溶性纤维
在本发明的组合物中还可选择地包括一种或多种可溶性纤维以提供如饱足感和提神,和/或营养。可溶性食用纤维是糖类的一种形式,其不能被人体产生的酶代谢,并且经过小肠时也不被水解(和因此不包括在此处的复合糖的定义内)。不受理论束缚,由于可溶性纤维在胃中膨胀,其减慢了胃的排空,而因此延长了营养物在肠中的停留而导致饱足感。
可溶性纤维能够单一的或组合地用于本发明的所有实施方案中,所述可溶性纤维包括但不限于果胶、欧车前、瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶、藻酸盐、阿拉伯胶、果糖低聚糖、菊粉、琼脂和角叉菜胶。这些可溶性纤维中优选瓜尔豆胶、黄原胶和角叉菜胶中的至少一种,首选瓜尔豆胶和黄原胶中的至少一种。在本发明的各实施方案中,这些可溶性纤维也可作为稳定剂。
在此特别优选的可溶性纤维是葡萄糖聚合物、优选具有支链的那些。在这些可溶性纤维中优选商品名为Fiβersol2的,其能够商购自Matsutani化学工业公司,Itami市,Hyogo,日本。
在此果胶和果糖低聚糖也是优选的可溶性纤维。更优选将果胶和果糖低聚糖组合使用。果胶与果糖低聚糖的优选比率为约3∶1-约1∶3,以该组合物重量计。优选的果胶具有大于约65%的酯化度。
优选的果糖低聚糖是由与蔗糖分子链接的果糖分子链组成的果糖低聚糖的混合物。最优选其nystose与蔗果三糖及fructosyl-nystose的比为40∶50∶10,以该组合物重量计。优选的果糖低聚糖可通过果糖转移酶对蔗糖的酶作用得到,这些果糖低聚糖如可商购自Beghin-Meiji Industries,Neuilly-sur-Seine,法国。
优选的果胶通过由柑橘皮热酸提取得的,并可得自于如Danisco公司,Braband,丹麦。
当使用可溶性纤维时,对于本发明的组合物,所需的可溶性食用纤维的总量为约0.01%-约15%,优选约0.1%-约5%,更优选约0.1%-约3%,和最优选约0.2%-约2%,以该组合物重量计。可溶性食用纤维的总量包括任何添加的可溶性食用纤维及天然存在于本发明组合物的任何其他组份中的可溶性食用纤维。
当可溶性纤维用于此处时,在本发明组合物中,总糖与总可溶性纤维的比率优选为约100∶1-约1∶1,更优选为约60∶1-约10∶1,和最优选约40∶1-约10∶1。
当使用乳固体(参见上文)和可溶性纤维时,为了使本发明的实施方案实现饱足感和提神最佳化,可溶性纤维与乳固体的比优选为约5∶1-约1∶20,更优选为约5∶1-约1∶10,和最优选约2∶1-约1∶6,以该组合物重量计。无热量甜味剂
在本发明组合物中可选择地使用有效量的无热量甜味剂来进一步赋予该组合物甜味。无热量甜味剂包括但不限于阿斯巴甜、糖精、环己基胺基磺酸盐类、乙酰磺胺酸钾、L-门冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸低级烷酯甜味剂,L-门冬氨酰-D-丙氨酰胺类如在1983年公开的Brennan等的US4,411,925中的那些,L-门冬氨酰-D-丝氨酰胺类如在1983年公开的Brennan等的US4,399,163中的那些,L-门冬氨酰-羟甲基链烷酰胺甜味剂如在1982年公开的Brand的US4,338,346中的那些,L-门冬氨酰-羟乙基链烷酰胺甜味剂如在1983年公开的Rizzi的US4,423,029中的那些,甘草甜素和合成烷氧基芳香族化合物。罗汉果汁、斯替维苷和三氯蔗糖。在此,阿斯巴甜和乙酰磺胺酸钾是最优选使用的无热量甜味剂,并可以单独或组合使用。
当在此使用一种或多种无热量甜味剂时,无热量甜味剂总用量优选为约0.0001%-约5%,更优选为约0.001%-约3%,还更优选约0.005%-约2%,甚至更优选约0.01%-约1%,和最优选约0.01%-约0.05%,以该组合物重量计。营养素
所述组合物可选择地,但优选强化一种或多种营养素,特别是一种或多种维生素和/或矿物质。国家科学研究院的建议日膳食许可量-食品和营养素委员会定义和宣布了维生素和矿物质的美国建议日摄入量(USRDI)。
除非另有说明,当该组合物被赋予一种矿物质,该组合物通常包括至少约1%,优选至少约5%,更优选约10%-约200%,甚至更优选约40%-约150%,和最优选约60%-约125%USRDI的该矿物质。除非另有说明,当该组合物被赋予一种矿物质,该组合物包括至少约1%,优选至少约5%,更优选约10%-约200%,甚至更优选约20%-约150%,和最优选约25%-约120%USRDI的该维生素。
所述维生素和矿物质包括但不限于烟酸、维生素B1,叶酸、泛酸、生物素、维生素A、维生素C,维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、铁、锌、铜、钙、亚磷、碘、铬、钼、和氟化物。优选地,当使用维生素或矿物质时,该维生素或矿物质选自烟酸、维生素B1、叶酸、碘、维生素A、维生素C、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素D、维生素E、铁、锌和钙。在此特别优选的矿物质是钙。优选地,至少一种维生素是选自维生素C、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素E、泛酸、烟酸和生物素。还优选,该组合物包括维生素C和一种或多种选自维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素E、泛酸、烟酸和生物素的其他维生素。在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中,一种组合物包括维生素C、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素E、泛酸、烟酸和生物素。
商购的维生素A也可包括在本发明组合物中。如此处所用的,“维生素A”包括但不限于维生素A(维生素A醇)、β-胡萝卜素、维生素A棕榈酸酯和维生素A酯酸酯。该维生素A可以是任何形式的,如油、珠(beadlets)或胶囊。当本发明组合物中存在维生素A时,该产品包括至少约1%,优选至少约5%,更优选约10%-约200%,甚至更优选约15%-约150%,和最优选约20%-约120%USRDI的该维生素。当本发明组合物中存在维生素A时,其特别优选包括约25%USRDI的维生素A。维生素A的加入量取决于工艺条件和贮存后所需的维生素A释放量。优选地,当维生素A包括在本发明组合物中时,该组合物包括0.0001%-约0.2%、更优选约0.0002%-约0.12%,还优选约0.0003%-约0.1%,甚至更优选约0.0005%-约0.08%,和最优选约0.001%-约0.06%的维生素A,以该产品重量计。
商购的维生素B2(核黄素)可用于本发明组合物。在该组合物中存在维生素B2时,该产品包括至少约1%,优选至少约5%,更优选约5%-约200%,甚至更优选约10%-约150%,和最优选约10%-约120%USRDI的该维生素。在该组合物中存在维生素B2时,其特别优选包括约15%-约35%USRDI的维生素B2。
本发明组合物能使用商购的维生素C。还能够使用胶囊化抗坏血酸和可食用抗坏血酸盐。在该组合物中存在维生素C时,该产品包括至少约1%,优选至少约5%,更优选约10%-约200%,甚至更优选约20%-约150%,和最优选约25%-约120%USRDI的该维生素。在该组合物中存在维生素C时,其特别优选包括约100%USRDI的维生素C。维生素C的加入量取决于工艺条件和贮存后所需的维生素C的释放量。优选地,当本发明组合物包含维生素C时,该组合物包括约0.005%-约0.2%,更优选约0.01%-约0.12%,还优选约0.02%-约0.1%,甚至更优选约0.02%-约0.08%,和最优选约0.03%-约0.06%的维生素C,以该产品重量计。
商购的碘,优选胶囊化碘可用于此。其他碘源包括含碘盐,如碘化钠、碘化钾、碘酸钾、碘酸钠、或它们的混合物。这些盐可以是胶囊化的。
可用于此的其他维生素包括但不限于维生素B6和B12,叶酸、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸、维生素D和维生素E。当产品包括一种这些维生素时,该产品优选包括至少5%,优选至少25%和最优选至少35%USRDI的该维生素。
可用于本发明组合物的矿物质如镁、锌、碘、铁和铜。能够使用、这些矿物质的任何适合于可食组合物的可溶性盐,如柠檬酸镁、葡萄糖酸镁、硫酸镁、氯化锌、硫酸锌、碘化钾、硫酸铜、葡萄糖酸铜和柠檬酸铜。
在本发明中,钙是特别优选使用的矿物质。优选的钙源包括如螯合氨基酸钙、碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、硫酸钙、氯化钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、柠檬酸钙、苹果酸钙、calcium titrate、葡萄糖酸钙、calcium realate、酒石酸钙、乳酸钙和柠檬酸-苹果酸钙。在如1997年9月23日公开的Mehansho等人的US5,670,344、1997年3月18日公开的Diehl等人的US5,612,026、1996年11月5日公开的Andon等人的US5,571,441、1995年12月12日公开的Meyer等人的US5,474,793、1995年11月21日公开的Andon等人的US5,468,506、1995年8月29日公开的Burkes等人的US5,445,837、1995年6月13日公开的Dake等人的US5,424,082、1995年6月6日公开的Burkes等人的US5,422,128、1995年3月28日公开的Burkes等人的US5,401,524、1995年2月14日公开的Zuniga等人的US5,389,387、1994年3月24日公开的Jacobs等人的US5,314,919、1993年8月3日公开的Saltman等人的US5,232,709、1993年7月6日公开的Camden等人的US5,225,221、1993年6月1日公开的Fox等人的US5,215,769、1993年2月16日公开的Fox等人的US5,186,965、1992年9月29日公开的Saltman等人的US5,151,274、1992年7月7日公开的Kochanowski等人的US5,128374、1992年6月2日公开的Mehansho等人的US5,118,513、1992年4月28日公开的Andon等人的US5,108,761、1991年2月19日公开的Mehansho等人的US4,994,283、1988年11月22日公开的Nakel等人的US4,786,510、和1988年4月12日公开的Nakel等人的US4,737,375中描述了柠檬酸-苹果酸钙的形成。优选本发明组合物包括约0.01%-约0.5%,更优选约0.03%-约0.2%,甚至更优选约0.05%-约0.15%,和最优选约0.1%-约0.15%的钙,以该产品重量计。
铁也可用于本发明的组合物和方法。可接受的铁的形式是本领域公知的。加入至该产品中的铁化合物的量根据最终产品中所需的补充量及所针对的消费者会有较大变化。强化了铁的本发明组合物通常含有约5%-约100%、优选约15%-约50%、和最优选约20%-约40%USRDI的铁。
通常亚铁比三价铁更易被人体利用。能用于本发明组合物的高生物活性亚铁盐是硫酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁、琥珀酸亚铁、葡萄糖酸亚铁、乳酸亚铁、酒石酸亚铁、柠檬酸亚铁、螯合氨基酸亚铁,及这些亚铁盐的混合物。虽然亚铁通常有更高的生物活性,但通常的铁盐也能提供高生物活性的铁。能够用于本发明的食品或饮料组合物的高生物活性的铁盐是糖质酸铁、柠檬酸铁铵、柠檬酸铁、硫酸铁,及这些铁盐的混合物。在这些可食混合物和即饮饮料中能够使用高生物活性亚铁盐和铁盐的组合物或混合物。优选的高生物活性铁源是富马酸亚铁和螯合氨基酸亚铁。
特别适合作为高生物活性铁源用于本发明的螯合氨基酸亚铁是具有配体与金属的比率为至少2∶1的那些,如配体与金属的比率为2的合适的螯合氨基酸亚铁的分子式为:
Fe(L)2
其中L是α-氨基酸、二肽、三肽或四肽配体。因此,L能够是任何天然存在的氨基酸,所述天然存在的氨基酸选自丙氨酸、精氨酸、天冬酰胺、天门冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、谷氨酸盐、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、羟脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、鸟氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和缬氨酸;或通过这些α-氨基酸的任何组合形成的二肽、三肽或四肽。参见如1989年9月5日公开的Ashmead等人的US4,863,898、1989年5月16日公开的Ashmead等人的US4,830,716、1986年7月8日公开的Ashmead等人的US4,599,152。其反应配体是甘氨酸、赖氨酸、和亮氨酸的螯合氨基酸亚铁是特别优选的。最优选Ferrochel牌(Albion Laboratories,盐湖城,犹太他州)的螯合氨基酸亚铁,其配体是甘氨酸。
除了这些高生物活性亚铁和铁盐外,其他生物活性铁源也能用于本发明的食品和饮料组合物中。特别适用于强化本发明组合物的其他铁源包括铁-糖-羧酸盐络合物。在这些铁-糖-羧酸盐络合物中,羧酸盐为亚铁(优选的)或三价铁提供抗衡离子。所有这些铁-糖-羧酸盐络合物的合成包括在水介质中钙-糖部分的形成(如通过糖与氢氧化钙反应),在水介质中使铁源(如硫酸铁铵)与钙-糖部分反应以提供铁-糖部分,和用羧酸(羧酸盐抗衡离子)中和该反应体系以提供所需的铁-糖-羧酸盐络合物。能够用于制备钙-糖部分的糖包括任何可食用糖类,及它们的混合物,如葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、乳糖和麦芽糖等,蔗糖和果糖是特别优选的。提供“羧酸盐抗衡离子”的羧酸能够是任何可食用羧酸如柠檬酸、马来酸、酒石酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、丙酸等,及这些酸的混合物。
这些铁-糖-羧酸盐络合物能够按照如1988年11月22公开的Nakel等人的US4,786,510和US4,786,518所述的方法制备。这些物质称为“络合物”但其在溶液中可以复杂的、高水合的保护胶体存在;术语“络合“是出于简化的目的而使用的。
锌也可以用于本发明的组合物和方法。可接受的锌的形式是本领域公知的。锌强化的本发明组合物通常含有约5%-约100%,优选约15%-约50%,和最优选约25%-约45%USRDI的锌。能够用于本发明的锌化合物可以是任何通常使用的形式如硫酸锌、氯化锌、醋酸锌、葡萄糖酸锌、山梨酸锌、柠檬酸锌、门冬氨酸锌、吡啶甲酸锌、螯合氨基酸锌和氧化锌。葡萄糖酸锌和螯合氨基酸锌是特别优选的。矫味剂
为了增加口感,本发明的实施方案中使用一种或多种矫味剂。任何天然的或合成的矫味剂均可用于本发明。如可使用一种或多种植物的和/或水果矫味剂。如此处所用的,所述矫味剂可以是合成的或天然的。
特别优选的水果矫味剂是具有异国情调的、内脂酸的矫味剂,如西番莲矫味剂、芒果矫味剂、菠罗矫味剂、cupuacu矫味剂、番石榴矫味剂、可可矫味剂、木瓜矫味剂、桃矫味剂和杏矫味剂。除这些矫味剂外,能够使用各种其他水果矫味剂,如苹果矫味剂、柠檬矫味剂、葡萄矫味剂、覆盆子矫味剂、越橘矫味剂、和樱桃矫味剂等。这些水果矫味剂能够是从天然源如果汁和矫味剂油中提取得到的,或可以是合成得到的。
优选的植物矫味剂包括如茶(优选红茶和绿茶,首选绿茶)、库拉索芦荟、巴西可可、人参、银杏、山楂、木槿、蔷薇果、洋甘菊、薄荷、茴香、姜、甘草、莲子、五味子、沙巴棕、
洋菝葜、红花、St.John’s Wort、姜黄、cardimom、肉豆蔻、桂皮、南非季叶、肉桂、茉莉、山楂、菊花、荸荠、甘蔗、荔枝、竹笋、香草和咖啡等。这些中优选茶、巴西可可、人参、银杏和咖啡。具体而言,可选择地将茶矫味剂与水果矫味剂组合得到诱人的味道,所述茶矫味剂优选绿茶或红茶矫味剂(优选绿茶)。在另一优选实施方案中,咖啡被包含在本发明组合物中。在本发明组合物中,绿茶与咖啡的组合是通常优选的。
所述矫味剂还能够包括各种风味的混合物。如果需要,矫味剂中的风味可被制成乳液滴并然后分散在饮料组合物或饮料浓缩物中。由于这些乳液滴的比重通常小于水的比重,并因此形成相分离,能够用增重剂(也能起混浊剂的作用)来保持分散在饮料组合物或饮料浓缩物中的乳液滴。该增重剂如溴化植物油(BVO)和树脂酯,特别是酯胶。关于液体饮料中增重剂和混浊剂的使用的进一步描述,参见L.F.Green,软饮料技术开发,第1卷,Applied科学出版有限公司,第87-93页(1978)。通常得到的矫味剂是浓缩物或提取物或合成的矫味剂酯、醇、醛、萜烯和倍半萜等。调色剂
在本发明组合物中可使用少量的一种或多种调色剂。优选使用FR&C色料(如黄#5,蓝#2,红#40)和/或FD&C色淀。通过将色淀加入至其他粉末成份,所有的颗粒,特别是着色铁化合物被完全均匀着色,并得到均匀着色的饮料混合物。可用于本发明的优选的色淀是FDA批准的色淀,如色淀红#40,黄#6和蓝#1等。另外可以使用FD&C色料或FD&C色淀与其他常规食品和食品着色剂的混合物。还可使用核黄素和β-胡萝卜素。另外,可使用的其他天然色素包括如水果、蔬菜、和/或植物提取物如葡萄、黑加仑、aronia、胡萝卜、甜菜根、红甘兰和木槿。
调色剂的用量随所用的调色剂和最终产品中所需的颜色强度而变化。本领域技术人员易于确定其用量。通常,如果用的话,色素的存在量为约0.0001%-约0.5%,优选约0.001%-约0.1%,和最优选约0.004%-约0.1%,以该组合物重量计。防腐剂
可选择地,在此使用一种或多种防腐剂。优选的防腐剂包括如山梨酸盐、苯甲酸盐,和缩聚磷酸盐防腐剂。
优选地,当在此使用防腐剂时,使用一种或多种山梨酸盐或苯甲酸盐防腐剂(或它们的混合物)。适用于本发明的山梨酸盐和苯甲酸盐防腐剂包括山梨酸、苯甲酸、和它们的盐,所述盐包括(但不限于)山梨酸钙、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钾、苯甲酸钙、苯甲酸钠、苯甲酸钾,和它们的混合物。在本发明中,山梨酸钾是特别优选使用的。
当组合物中包括防腐剂时,防腐剂的含量优选约0.0005%-约0.5%,更优选约0.001%-约0.4%,还更优选约0.001%-约0.1%,甚至更优选约0.001%-约0.05%,和最优选约0.003%-约0.03%,以该组合物重量计。当该组合物包括一种或多种防腐剂的混合物时,所述防腐剂的总浓度优选保持在这些范围内。酸度调节剂
如果需要,本发明组合物可选择地包括一种或多种酸度调节剂。可用一定量的酸度调节剂来维持该组合物的pH。本发明组合物的pH优选约2-约8,更优选约2-约5,甚至更优选约2-约4.5,和首选约2.7-约4.2。可通过已知的和常规的方法将饮料酸度调节至并维持在所需范围,如使用一种或多种上述酸度调节剂。通常上述范围内的酸度是抑制微生物生长的最大酸度与饮料风味的最佳酸度间的平衡点。
可用有机的和无机的可食用酸来调节饮料pH。所述酸能以它们的未离解的形式存在,或可选择地以它们的盐形式存在,所述盐如磷酸氢钾或磷酸氢钠,磷酸二氢钾或磷酸二氢钠。优选的酸是可食用有机酸,其包括柠檬酸、马来酸、富马酸、己二酸、磷酸、葡萄糖酸、酒石酸、山梨酸、醋酸、磷酸或它们的混合物。首选的酸是柠檬酸和马来酸。
酸度调节剂还能作为抗氧化剂以稳定饮料组合物。常用的抗氧化剂包括但不限于山梨酸、EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸),和它们的盐。乳化剂和油
出于质地和不透明度的目的,在本发明组合物中还可包括一种或多种乳化剂和/或油。通常用于此的乳化剂和油包括如单-2甘油酯、磷脂、果肉、棉籽油和植物油。碳酸气组份
能够将二氧化碳引入水中,将该水饮料浓缩物混合,或可将二氧化碳稀释后引入饮料组合物中以得到充碳酸气。能够将充碳酸气饮料置于容器内如瓶或罐中,然后密封。可使用任何常规的充碳酸气技术以制成本发明的碳酸饮料组合物。引入饮料中的二氧化碳的量取决于使用的特定风味系统及所需的碳酸气的量。
制备方法
按照本领域技术人员公知的方法制备本发明的组合物。为了方便起见,下面列举制备方法,但不限于此。
为了说明,可以通过在水中溶解、分散、或相反单一地或适当组合在一起混合所有组份,用机械搅拌器搅拌直至所有的组份溶解或充分分散来制备本发明的组合物。然后,将所有单独的溶液和分散液组合。当使用对pH敏感的茶提取物时,在向混合物加入茶提取物前,用酸度调节剂和/或缓冲系统来调节pH是重要的。当需要保存期稳定的组合物时,能够选择地,但优选地对最终混合物在合适的工艺条件下巴氏杀菌或无菌填充。
在制备饮料组合物中,可选择地先形成饮料浓缩物。一种制备饮料组合物的饮料浓缩物形式的方法将从小于制备饮料组合物的用水量开始。另一方法可将最终得到的饮料组合物部分脱水以仅除去一部分水并保留其他挥发液体。可按照已知的方法来完成脱水如在真空下蒸发。该饮料浓缩物能够是相对稠的液体形式。通过向饮料浓缩物加入适当的成份如电解质或乳液来形成糖浆。然后将该糖浆与水混合以形成最终的饮料或最终的饮料浓缩物。水与糖浆的比率通常为约1∶1-约5∶1。
能够将二氧化碳引入将与饮料浓缩物混合的水中,或引入可饮饮料组合物中以实现充碳酸气。然后充气饮料组合物能够贮存在适当容器中并然后密封。在以下参考文献中:L.F.Green编,软饮料技术发展,第1卷(Elsevier,1978);G.S.Cattell和P.M.Davies,“果汁、补品和饮料的制备和加工”,乳制品技术学会杂志,第38(1)卷,第21-27页,A.H.Varnam和J.P.Sutherland,饮料-技术,化学和微生物学,Chapman Hall,1994;和A.J.Mitchell编,碳酸软饮料的配方和生产,Blackie和Sons有限公司,1990,描述了制备本发明的碳酸饮料的技术。
通过将适当量和比率的所有所需的干成份混合在一起能够制备本发明的基本干组合物。可选择地,能够将最终得到的饮料组合物脱水以得到该饮料组合物的基本干混合物。在后所述基本干混合物如粉末、粒剂或片剂能够被溶解在一定量的水中,充二氧化碳或不充二氧化碳,以得到最终可饮的饮料或与水一起服用。可选择地,本发明的干组合物可加入至其他组合物中,所述其他组合物包括但不限于谷物条、早餐条、能量条和营养条。
其他基本干混合物形式包括如片剂、胶囊、粒剂、和干粉。片剂可含有合适的粘结剂、润滑剂、稀释剂、崩解剂、着色剂、矫味剂、流动-诱导剂、和熔化剂。在如1975年9月2日公开的Rober的US3,903,297中,描述了可用于形成本发明干组合物形式的合适的载体和赋形剂。在以下参考文献中:H.W.Houghton编,软饮料技术开发,第3卷第6章,(Elsevier,1984);现代药学,第9和第10章(Banker&Rodes编,1979);Liberman等,药物剂形:片剂(1981);和Ansel,药物剂形介绍,第2版(1976),描述了可用于本发明方法的干组合物形式的技术和组合物。
本发明的试剂盒
本发明的组合物可用于如此处所述的试剂盒,所述组合物包括饮料组合物、饮料浓缩物和基本干组合物。本发明的试剂盒包括一种或多种本发明的组合物及该试剂盒的说明书,该说明书通过文字、图片和/或其它向使用者提供有关该试剂盒的资料。该试剂盒的使用将提供一种或多种全身性保健和/或全身性生理效果,所述效果包括但不限于能量,能量增加、能量保持(如均匀的和/或稳定的能量、精神灵敏性、和没有紧张和/或神经过敏的灵敏性)、提神、饱足感和营养。
本发明的方法
本发明的方法包括哺乳动物口服(即经过摄取)本发明的组合物以向该哺乳动物提供能量和/或精神灵敏性,所述哺乳动物优选人。本发明的组合物优选用于需要提神的人或是满足餐间饥饿的手段。该组合物还优选用于正在从事或已从事紧张工作的消费者或用于正在经历能量消耗的消费者。本发明的组合物还可以作为膳食补充剂以满足如能量、营养和/或水合的需要。服用的次数没有限制,但至少每周服用一次,更优选至少每周服用三次,及首选至少每日一次。
如此处所用的,与哺乳动物(优选人)有关的术语“口服”意指哺乳动物摄取或被指导摄取(优选出于提供能量和/或精神灵敏性)一种或多种本发明的组合物。优选地,该组合物是如上所述的饮料组合物、饮料浓缩物或基本干组合物。在哺乳动物被指导摄取一种或多种该组合物时,所述指导可以是向使用者介绍或告知该组合物的使用和/或将提供一种或多种全身性保健和/或全身性生理效果,所述效果包括但不限于能量、能量增强、能量保持(如均匀和/或稳定的能量、精神灵敏性、和没有紧张和或神经过敏的灵敏性)、提神、饱足感和营养。如,所述指导可以是口头指导(如通过由如医师、保健专业人员、销售专业人员或组织、和/或广播或电视媒体(即广告)的口头介绍)或书面介绍(如通过由如医师或其它保健专业人员(如处方)、销售专业人员或组织(如通过如销售手册、小册子或其它介绍用具)提供的书面介绍),书面媒体(如互联网、电子邮件,或其它与计算机相关的媒体),和/或该组合物的包装(如该产品包装上的标签)。如此处所用的,“书面”意指通过文字、图片、符号、和/或其它可视描述。该指导不需要使用确切的词“能量”、“精神灵敏性”、“人”或“哺乳动物”,但是使用表达相同或相似意义的文字、图片和符号等均在本发明的范围内。
分析方法
使用任何已知方法可得到经过一定时间后的血液葡萄糖水平以确定组合物的能量供给和/或保持。参见如Gomes等,“红茶在鼠中的抗高血糖效果”,人类药物学杂志,第45卷,第223-226页(1995)和Pizziol等“咖啡因对葡萄糖耐受性的效果:A Placebo-ContolledStudy”,欧洲临床营养学杂志,第52卷,第846-849页(1998)。
另外及首选地,本文中术语“提供精神灵敏性”,或“能量”等(为了简单,在此统称为精神灵敏性)意指加强食用者的精神灵敏性和/或能量的感觉。所述加强可以通过本领域公知的任何方法来测量,但优选使用如下所述的方法。为简单起见,在此将该方法称之为“评价方法”。该评价方法类似于广为接受的、统计学验证的“Profileof Mood States”分析方法,并被修改为测量此处所研究的感觉,使用测试饮料组合物、对照饮料组合物和参考饮料组合物。参见McNair等,“EITS Manual for the Profile of Mood States”,由theEducation and Industrial Testing Service出版,1981。如下进行评介,评价方法限于此:
通过用如60受验人(如30个男的和30个女的)来测量本发明的饮料组合物对精神灵敏性的效果。受验人向测试实验室报告三次,其中第二次在第一次后48小时,第三次在第二次后48小时。受验人必须在一天的“低能量”期间即一天中的下午1点-4点向测试实验室报告。
在这三次间,每个受验人将摄取不同的饮料组合物,通过实施所述方法,每个受验人摄取了相同的三种不同的饮料组合物。在所有受验人中,摄取该三种不同的饮料组合物的顺序是随机的,即相对于其它受验人,对于任何受验人哪个饮料首先摄取、其次摄取或第三次摄取不是关键的。
按照此方法测试的饮料组合物如下:
(a)本发明的饮料组合物(“测试组合物”);
(b)对照组合物;和
(c)参考组合物,其中该参考组合物是如可乐风味产品。
在每次开始,受验人完成感觉问卷以提供起始数据,感觉问卷问受验人“精力充沛的”一词是否描述了受验人在阅读该词时的感觉。可选择地,可以使用其它词/词组,如“活跃的”、“疲惫不堪的”、“灵敏的”、“疲劳的”和“迟钝的”。
受验人被教导从5个描述词作出选择,所述词是:
1)没有
2)一点儿
3)中度
4)相当数量
5)严重
由受验人记录答案。测试管理人将对每个描述词分配分数值。如“没有”得1分,“一点儿”得2分;“中度”得3分;“相当数量”得4分;“严重”得5分。
完成该起始测试后,在任一次中,受验人将摄到一种a:
(a)用10分钟摄取330ml测试组合物;
(b)用10分钟摄取330ml对照组合物;或
(c)用10分钟摄取12盎司参考组合物。
在摄取一种这些组合物后,受验人将在不同的时间点重复新的感觉问卷。每张新的感觉问卷使用与上述相同的词(“精力充沛”)和描述词,及测试管理人使用与上述相同的分数分配体系。时间点为摄取所述组合物后15、30、45、60、90、120、150和180分钟。对每个受验人、对15、30、45、60、90、120和150分钟时间点的分数进行平均,以确定“提供的精神灵敏性”(不包括180分钟时段以排除与完成本测试相关的任何“假的”灵敏性和/或能量的感觉)。对于每个受验人,对90、120和150分钟时间点的分数进行平均,以确定“精神灵敏性的保持”。
在第二和第三次,进行上述步骤,其中每个受验人摄到在任何前次中未摄入的该三种组合物中的一种。
第三次后,用t-检验来比较三次中“提供的精神灵敏性”和“精神灵敏性的保持”的平均分。该数据被标准化以说明每个被测试者的起始变化。基于60个被测试者的每个人和每个组合物的综合数据,95%置信度(分别对“精神灵敏性的提供”和“精神灵敏性的保持”)将被认为是明显的。
使用该评价方法,相对于对照组合物和/可参考组合物,优选的测试组合物在提供和/或保持精神灵敏性方面明显更佳。
实施例
下面是用常规方法制备的本发明组合物的实施例,但不限于此,用下面的实施例来说明本发明,但不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
通过用常规方法混合下列组份来制备饮料组合物:
组份 | Wt.% |
葡萄糖 | 4.000 |
蔗糖 | 5.600 |
麦芽糊精 | 2.000 |
浓缩果汁 | 2.000 |
乳基 | 5.000 |
果胶 | 0.150 |
果糖-低聚糖(Beghin-Meiji) | 0.200 |
巴拉圭茶提取物 | 0.025 |
巴西可可提取物 | 0.050 |
山梨酸(mg/100g) | 37.920 |
维生素E(mg/100g) | 2.440 |
烟酰胺(mg/100g) | 2.424 |
泛酸(mg/100g) | 1.212 |
维生素B6(mg/100g) | 0.244 |
生物素(mg/100g) | 0.036 |
维生素B12(μg/100g) | 0.076 |
柠檬酸 | 0.050 |
柠檬酸钠 | 0.100 |
矫味剂 | 0.070 |
水 | 余量 |
实施例2通过用常规方法混合下列组分来制备饮料组合物:
组份 | Wt% |
葡萄糖 | 4.000 |
蔗糖 | 5.860 |
麦芽糊精 | 2.000 |
果汁 | 10.000 |
绿茶提取物 | 0.120 |
巴西可可提取物 | 0.060 |
山梨酸 | 0.040 |
柠檬酸钠 | 0.100 |
柠檬酸 | 0.200 |
矫味剂 | 0.130 |
水 | 余量 |
实施例3通过用常规方法混合下列组分来制备饮料浓缩物组合物。
组份 | Wt% |
葡萄糖 | 16.000 |
蔗糖 | 10.000 |
麦芽糊精 | 16.000 |
浓缩果汁 | 5.000 |
乳基 | 30.000 |
果胶 | 1.200 |
果糖-低聚糖(Beghin-Meiji) | 2.000 |
巴拉圭茶提取物 | 0.200 |
巴西可可提取物 | 0.340 |
山梨酸 | 0.210 |
柠檬酸 | 0.533 |
柠檬酸钠 | 0.700 |
阿斯巴甜 | 0.035 |
乙酰磺胺酸钾 | 0.070 |
矫味剂 | 0.489 |
水 | 余量 |
实施例4通过用常规方法混合下列组分来制备基本干组合物:
组份 | Wt% |
葡萄糖 | 33.700 |
蔗糖 | 32.500 |
麦芽糊精 | 17.500 |
乳基 | 10.000 |
果胶 | 0.900 |
果糖-低聚糖(Beghin-Mehji) | 1.700 |
巴拉圭茶提取物 | 2.000 |
巴西可可提取物 | 0.400 |
山梨酸 | 0.300 |
柠檬酸 | 0.425 |
柠檬酸钠 | 0.290 |
矫味剂 | 0.285 |
实施例5通过用常规方法混合下列组分来制备饮料浓缩物:
组份 | Wt% |
水 | 余量 |
乳 | 50 |
果糖 | 1 |
蔗糖 | 1 |
麦芽糊精 | 1.5 |
乙酰磺胺酸钾 | 0.015 |
Simplesse100(Kelco NutraSweet公司,Chicago,IL) | 3 |
绿茶粉 | 0.15 |
香草 | 0.60 |
维生素 | 0.05 |
咖啡因 | 0.012 |
咖啡提取物 | 2.5 |
角叉菜胶、黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶 | 0.05 |
蔗糖酯 | 0.2 |
实施例6
通过常规方法混合下列组分来制备饮料浓缩物:
组份 | Wt% |
水 | 余量 |
乳 | 50 |
果糖 | 1 |
蔗糖 | 1 |
麦芽糊精 | 1.5 |
乙酰磺胺酸钾 | 0.015 |
Simplesse(Kelco Nutra Sweet公司,Chicago,IL) | 3 |
绿茶粉 | 0.15 |
香草 | 0.45 |
维生素 | 0.04 |
棕榈汁(7.5%溶液)咖啡提取物 | 4.31 |
速溶咖啡粉 | 0.4 |
角叉菜胶、黄原胶和瓜尔豆胶 | 0.05 |
Claims (10)
1.一种饮料组合物,其特征在于:
(a)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种单糖,以该组合物重量计;
(b)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种双糖,以该组合物重量计;
(c)约0.1%-约15%的一种或多种复合糖,以该组合物重量计;和
(d)大于约60%的水。
2.根据权利要求1的饮料组合物,其特征在于:
(a)约1%-约5%的一种或多种单糖,以该组合物重量计,所述单糖选自葡萄糖和果糖;
(b)约1%-约8%的蔗糖,以该组合物重量计;和
(c)约1%-约5%的一种或多种复合糖,以该组合物重量计。
3.根据上述任一权利要求的饮料组合物,其特征在于:
(a)约1%-约5%的葡萄,以该组合物重量计;
(b)约1%-约8%的蔗糖,以该组合物重量计;和
(c)约1%-约5%的一种或多种复合糖,以该组合物重量计。
4.根据上述任一权利要求的饮料组合物,所述复合糖是麦芽糊精,并且其中单糖与麦芽糊精的比为约1∶5-约10∶1,以该组合物重量计。
5.根据上述任一权利要求的饮料组合物,进一步包括一种或多种提神剂。
6.根据上述任一权利要求的饮料组合物,进一步包括至少约0.01%的一种或多种黄烷醇类,以该组合物重量计。
7.根据权利要求14的饮料组合物,进一步包括一种或多种选自茶、库拉索芦荟、巴西可可、人参、银杏、山楂、木槿、蔷薇果、洋甘菊、薄荷、茴香、姜、甘草、莲子、五味子、沙巴棕、洋菝葜、红花、St.John’s Wort、姜黄、cardimom、肉豆蔻、桂皮、南非季叶、肉桂、茉莉、山楂、菊花、荸荠、甘蔗、荔枝、竹笋、香草和咖啡等的植物。
8.根据上述任一权利要求的饮料组合物,进一步包括约0.01%-约15%的乳固体,以该组合物重量计。
9.一种饮料浓缩物,包括:
(a)一种或多种单糖;
(b)一种或多种双糖;
(c)一种或多种复合糖;和
(d)约20%-约60%的水;
其中单糖与复合糖的比率为约1∶5-约10∶1,及单糖与双糖的比率为约1∶15-约15∶1,以该饮料浓缩物重量计。
10.一种基本干组合物,包括:
(a)一种或多种单糖;
(b)一种或多种双糖;
(c)一种或多种复合糖;和
(d)小于约20%的水;
其中单糖与复合糖的比率为约1∶5-约10∶1,及单糖与双糖的比率为约1∶15-约15∶1,以该组合物重量计。
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- 2000-04-04 US US09/542,156 patent/US6413558B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-14 WO PCT/US2000/019469 patent/WO2001005253A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2000-07-14 ES ES00947469T patent/ES2193976T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-14 AT AT00947469T patent/ATE237958T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-07-14 AU AU61071/00A patent/AU6107100A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-14 EP EP00947469A patent/EP1196050B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-14 CA CA2375980A patent/CA2375980C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-14 JP JP2001510326A patent/JP2004500031A/ja active Pending
- 2000-07-14 CN CN00812785A patent/CN1390096A/zh active Pending
- 2000-07-14 BR BR0012620-9A patent/BR0012620A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1907142B (zh) * | 2006-07-27 | 2011-06-01 | 河南科技大学 | 荷叶保健饮料的制备方法 |
CN102987028A (zh) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-03-27 | 叶文飚 | 一种含l-阿拉伯糖的凉茶 |
Also Published As
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EP1196050B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
WO2001005253A1 (en) | 2001-01-25 |
EP1196050B2 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
MXPA02000681A (es) | 2002-08-30 |
WO2001005253A8 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
AU6107100A (en) | 2001-02-05 |
DE60002331T3 (de) | 2011-07-07 |
ES2193976T3 (es) | 2003-11-16 |
CA2375980A1 (en) | 2001-01-25 |
ATE237958T1 (de) | 2003-05-15 |
US6413558B1 (en) | 2002-07-02 |
JP2004500031A (ja) | 2004-01-08 |
EP1196050A1 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
CA2375980C (en) | 2013-08-27 |
DE60002331T2 (de) | 2004-02-19 |
DE60002331D1 (de) | 2003-05-28 |
BR0012620A (pt) | 2002-04-02 |
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