CN1387474A - 复合组件 - Google Patents
复合组件 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1387474A CN1387474A CN00815390A CN00815390A CN1387474A CN 1387474 A CN1387474 A CN 1387474A CN 00815390 A CN00815390 A CN 00815390A CN 00815390 A CN00815390 A CN 00815390A CN 1387474 A CN1387474 A CN 1387474A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- iii
- composite component
- millimeter
- perforate
- preferred
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 25
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 22
- -1 aromatic isocyanate Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 11
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- GTACSIONMHMRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[2-(benzenesulfonamido)ethylsulfanyl]-2,6-difluorophenoxy]acetamide Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OCC(=O)N)=C(F)C=C1SCCNS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GTACSIONMHMRPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 101710130081 Aspergillopepsin-1 Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 102100031007 Cytosolic non-specific dipeptidase Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 5
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012766 organic filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYWRDHBGMCXGFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazinane Chemical compound C1CNNNC1 OYWRDHBGMCXGFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(N)(C)CO UXFQFBNBSPQBJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000233 poly(alkylene oxides) Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- JRIGVWDKYXCHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-arsoroso-2-hydroxyphenyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC([As]=O)=CC=C1O JRIGVWDKYXCHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTTATHOUSOIFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,6,7,8,8a-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine Chemical compound C1NCCN2CCCC21 FTTATHOUSOIFOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFDWWDZLRKHULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4h-pyrimidine Chemical compound CN1CCCN=C1C ZFDWWDZLRKHULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYYLZXREFNYPKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[ethoxy(methyl)phosphoryl]oxyethane Chemical compound CCOP(C)(=O)OCC NYYLZXREFNYPKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEEGPFGTMRWCID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,1-n',1-n'-tetramethylbutane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCCC(N(C)C)N(C)C GEEGPFGTMRWCID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyloxirane Chemical compound CC1OC1C PQXKWPLDPFFDJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PISLZQACAJMAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diethyl-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C)=C(N)C(CC)=C1N PISLZQACAJMAIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSAANLSYLSUVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCOCCO YSAANLSYLSUVHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 2-phenylacetic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-PPJXEINESA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIVBUJGYWCCLNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propylurea Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(N)=O IIVBUJGYWCCLNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[(4-aminocyclohexyl)methyl]cyclohexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1CC(N)CCC1CC1CCC(N)CC1 DZIHTWJGPDVSGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRKHZWFIIVVNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclohexylmorpholine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1N1CCOCC1 BRKHZWFIIVVNTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formic acid Chemical class OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical group CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethyldiethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CC)CCO AKNUHUCEWALCOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHXVRRJXCDAINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N NC(=O)N.N#CC#N Chemical compound NC(=O)N.N#CC#N JHXVRRJXCDAINK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazolidine Chemical compound C1COCN1 WYNCHZVNFNFDNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Y10T428/24339—Keyed
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31605—Next to free metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
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- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Metal-Oxide And Bipolar Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及包含下列层状结构的复合组件:(i)2-20毫米金属,(ii)10-300毫米塑料,(iii)2-20毫米金属,其中(i)和/或(iii)任选包含可密封的开孔。
Description
本发明涉及具有下列层状结构的复合组件:
(i)2-20毫米的金属,
(ii)10-300毫米的塑料,优选紧密塑料(Kompakte Kunststoffe),优选多异氰酸酯加聚产物,特别优选聚氨酯,和
(iii)2-20毫米的金属,其中(i)和/或(iii)具有根据需要可密封的开孔。对本发明而言,术语“开孔”是指(i)和/或(iii)并不将(ii)与(i)和/或(iii)远离(ii)的那侧的周围环境封离。
本发明还涉及敞开或封闭的阀在这类复合组件中的用途,以及该复合组件的用途。
用于船舶设计如船壳和货物固定盖板或桥梁或多层建筑的设计中的结构组件必须能够抵抗来自外力的很大应力。由于这些要求,这类结构组件通常由金属板或金属支撑件组成,由合适的几何体或或合适的支柱加强。由于增加的安全标准,油船船壳因此通常由内壳和外壳组成,各壳由15毫米厚的钢板制成,并由长约2米的钢支柱相互连接。由于这些钢板经受相当大的力的作用,内外钢壳均由焊上的增强元件增强。这些传统结构组件的缺点是要求使用大量的钢且制造方法耗时耗力。此外,这类结构组件具有很大的重量,降低了船舶的吨位并增加了燃料消耗。基于钢的这类传统结构组件还要求繁重的维护,因为外表面和在外壳和内壳之间的钢组件表面均必须经常加以保护以防腐蚀。
因此,本发明的目的是开发能够抵抗由外力产生的大负荷并能用于建造例如船舶、桥梁或多层建筑物的结构组件。待开发的结构组件,也称为复合组件,意欲用作基于钢的已知设计的替代物,且尤其在其重量、生产方法和维护要求上具有优点。该复合组件尤其意欲具有在高温下得到保持的可控性能。
由金属/塑料/金属复合材料组成的复合组件可以用作在导论部分所述的钢设计的替代物。在这些复合组件的情况下,可以想到若金属层之间的温度极高,则在这些层之间产生增加的压力。该过量的压力可能导致金属层的破裂,且这还可能伴有整个复合组件的承载能力的丧失,而任何压力的突然释放将产生特殊的危险。因此,一个特殊的目的是防止出现任何可能的危险,这些危险将伴有压力在金属/塑料/金属复合材料中积聚。
我们已经发现该目的通过开头所述的复合组件达到。
在极高的温度下,在某些情况下可能出现金属层之间的塑料的分解,然后蒸发,从而在金属层之间产生压力。这尤其发生在塑料层(ii)完全由(i)和(iii)包围时。根据本发明,在金属层(i)和(iii)之间的任何这类过量的压力经由(i)和/或(iii)中的至少一个开孔释放。这种开孔可以以密封或敞开或可密封的形式存在,且优选密封的开孔由于外来作用如温度升高和/或压力升高而自动打开。该开孔可以用材料填充或提供有盖子形式的密封件,从而在(ii)中出现过量压力时和/或在温度升高时该开孔能够打开。可逆地密封该开孔的材料的实例是熔点低于450℃的金属,例如铅和/或锡,优选铅,或有机化合物或塑料,优选具有的熔点低于250℃。通过填充或覆盖开孔而用上述材料(下文也称为填充材料)密封开孔的优点是,尽管(ii)被保护而不受复合组件外部的环境如水、空气或化学品影响,但尤其由温度升高引起的(ii)中任何压力的积聚得到快速释放。该填充材料可以以固体、软化或熔化形式引入开孔中,例如通过将其放入其中或手动或机械(例如使用锤子)插入而简单地进行。
开孔可以由在(i)和/或(iii)中的小孔组成。还可以通过在附图中以(ix)表示的元件将开孔引入(i)和/或(iii)中,所述元件例如为由用于(i)和/或(iii)的材料制成且具有开孔的元件。该元件的引入,例如若需要可以被例如填料封闭的阀的引入,可以发生在在(i)和(iii)之间生产(ii)之前、其过程中和/或之后。该元件可以由螺接或栓接、焊接和/或粘结剂粘结固定于尚未完全反应的生产(ii)的反应体系上。合适的开孔和元件示于图3、4、5和6中,其中为简便起见没有显示第二层金属层。
优选该元件在远离(ii)的表面上与(i)和/或(iii)的表面具有平接缝,即(i)和/或(iii)的表面与引入的元件平齐,且该元件不从中伸出。
开孔优选具有的直径为0.5-100毫米,特别优选1-10毫米,非常特别优选2-8毫米。
因此优选的是如下复合组件,其开孔根据本发明已经密封且在(ii)和(i)和/或(iii)的另一向外侧(即复合组件的外部区域)之间的压差至少为10巴时打开,其中在(ii)中存在较高的压力,和/或在温度高于250℃,优选高于450℃时打开。
开孔优选是特别优选已经通过使用螺纹的方法连接于(i)和/或(iii)上的阀。这类螺接的元件作为实例在图4和5中示出,其优选具有5-150毫米,特别优选15-100毫米的直径。
图1给出了本发明复合组件的示意图。该图中的(i)和(iii)是合适的金属层且(ii)是塑料,其优选与(i)和(iii)二者粘结。开孔由(iv)所示。图3,4,5和6是开孔实施方案的示意图,例如呈具有开孔且已经由使用螺栓的方法结合的元件形式。
附图中以毫米给出尺寸数据。
复合组件可以船舶的双壁元件形式排列,如图2所示。开孔由(iv)所示。这两个复合组件由(vi)和(vii)所示。复合组件由(viii)所示的横支柱连接。
开孔优选连接于管(x)的伸入(ii)中的一端上,而另一端距不具有与该管连接的开孔的金属层与(ii)接触的表面0.5-9.5毫米。这种排列示于图7和8中。附图示出了该管,其敞开的内侧已经与开孔相连接。该管的另一端尽可能延伸到距另一金属层的表面合适距离。这样所具有的优点是在复合组件一侧通过例如火焰的强力加热所形成的气体在复合组件远离该火焰的一侧除去。这防止了火焰将该气体点燃。
因此优选将敞开或封闭的阀用于具有如下层状结构的复合组件中:
(i)2-20毫米的金属,
(ii)10-300毫米的塑料,和
(iii)2-20毫米的金属,以降低(ii)和(i)和/或(iii)的另一向外侧之间的压差,其中在(ii)中存在较高的压力,以及将敞开或封闭的阀用于具有如下层状结构的复合组件中:
(i)2-20毫米的金属,
(ii)10-300毫米的塑料,和
(iii)2-20毫米的金属,以从(ii)中消散气体。
在附图中的开孔如上所述可以被密封。因此,即使这并未详细示于附图中,但填充材料可以存在于各开孔中,或开孔可以由盖子如开头所述密封。
除了上述优点外,本发明复合组件具有优异的机械性能。
本发明的复合组件可以通过在(i)和(iii)之间生产例如多异氰酸酯加聚产物(ii),通常为聚氨酯而制造,该加聚产物(ii)根据需要可以具有脲结构和/或异氰脲酸酯结构且通过使(a)异氰酸酯与(b)对异氰酸酯呈反应性的化合物优选在1-50%体积(基于多异氰酸酯加聚产物的体积)的至少一种气体(c)和若需要的话(d)催化剂和/或(e)助剂和/或添加剂存在下反应而生产,其中这些加聚产物(ii)优选与(i)和(iii)粘结。
尽管(c)的优选使用,但多异氰酸酯加聚产物可以被称为紧密产品,因为没有形成气体填充泡孔的网络。
该反应优选在封闭的模具中进行,例如使用(i)和(iii)作为外层,从而当模具被填充时(i)和(iii)与生产(ii)的起始组分一起位于模具中并在引入所有起始组分后封闭模具。当起始组分已经反应而生产出(ii)时,将复合组件脱模。常规的方法和材料可以用于(i)和(iii)之间空间的优选侧密封。
优选对生产出复合组件时与(ii)粘结的(i)和/或(iii)的那些表面进行喷砂处理。可以使用常规方法来进行该喷砂处理。例如,可以使用常规的砂在高压下喷砂处理该表面,因此,例如使该表面清洁和粗糙化。这类处理的合适装置是市售的。
当(a)与(b)在(c)和若需要的话(d)和/或(e)存在下已经反应时(i)和(iii)与(ii)接触的那些表面的该处理可以显著改进(ii)与(i)和(iii)的粘结。喷砂处理优选在将用于生产(ii)的组分引入(i)和(iii)之间的空间之前立即进行。
为了生产复合组件,例如在(i)和(iii)的表面的优选处理之后,优选将这些层以合适的排列固定,例如相互平行。选定的距离通常使得(i)和(iii)之间的空间具有的厚度为10-300毫米。(i)和(iii)可以由例如分隔器固定。优选将中间空间的边缘以如下方式密封,即使(i)和(iii)之间的空间可以被(a)、(b)和(c)以及若需要的话,(d)和/或(e)填充,但防止这些组分逃逸。为了进行密封,可以使用常规的塑料膜或金属膜和/或金属板,且它们也可以用作分隔器。
所用层(i)和(iii)可以优选是具有本发明厚度的常规金属板,如钢板。
当(i)和(iii)之间的空间被填充时,(i)和(iii)可以是垂直的或水平的。
常规的传输设备,如高压或低压机械,优选高压机械可以被用于在(i)和(iii)之间的空间中优选连续加入(a)、(b)和优选(c),以及若使用的话,(d)和/或(e)。
传输速率可以随待填充体积而改变。为了确保(ii)的均匀全固化,所选择的传输速率和传输设备应使待填充的空间能够在0.5-20分钟,优选1.5-7分钟的时间内用生产(ii)的组分填充。
所用的层(i)和(iii)通常是板且可以是常规的金属,如铁,常规的钢,任何类型的精制钢,铝和/或铜。
当生产本发明的复合组件时,可以以被涂覆形式,例如底涂形式或用常规塑料表面涂覆和/或涂覆的形式使用(i)或(ii)。(i)和(iii)优选未涂覆使用且特别优选例如在通过常规的喷砂处理而清洁之后使用。
通过使(a)异氰酸酯与(b)对异氰酸酯呈反应性的化合物优选在(c)和若需要的话(d)催化剂和/或(e)助剂和/或添加剂存在下反应制备多异氰酸酯加聚产物(ii),通常是聚氨酯产物以及若需要,多异氰脲酸酯产物,特别是聚氨酯弹性体已经被描述了许多次。优选避免将发泡剂加入生产(ii)的起始组分中。为了非常显著地避免任何不被控制的发泡过程,起始组分(b)和(c)以及若使用的话,(d)和/或(e)应优选呈干态,正如与该反应组分接触的(i)和(iii)的那些表面一样。
根据本发明的开孔的位置可以例如在(i)和(iii)中,经过该开孔将(i)和(iii)之间的空间填充以生产(ii)。例如为此目的可以在(i)和(iii)中使用合适的钻孔。
包含(a)、(b)、(c)和若需要,(d)和/或(e)的反应混合物的水含量优选为0-0.03%重量,特别优选为0%重量,基于反应混合物的重量。合适的水含量,特别是在组分(b)中,可以通过例如蒸馏来产生。还可以将化合物加入结合水并因此防止任何发泡反应的反应混合物中。这类化合物如分子筛是众所周知的。硅酸盐和噁唑烷是可以以合适的形式,优选以细碎形式使用的化合物实例。这些化合物加入组分(b)中的优选量基于反应混合物的重量为0.05-5%重量,特别优选2-4.5%重量。
用于本发明方法的原料(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)和(e)的实例如下:
可能的异氰酸酯(a)是本身已知的脂族、环脂族、芳脂族和/或芳族异氰酸酯,优选二异氰酸酯,其已经由众所周知的技术缩二脲化和/或异氰脲酸酯化。单个的实例是:在亚烷基中具有4-12个碳原子的亚烷基二异氰酸酯,如十二烷1,12-二异氰酸酯、2-乙基四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯、2-甲基五亚甲基1,5-二异氰酸酯、四亚甲基1,4-二异氰酸酯、赖氨酸酯二异氰酸酯(LDI)、六亚甲基1,6-二异氰酸酯(HDI)、环己烷1,3-和/或1,4-二异氰酸酯、六氢甲苯2,4-和2,6-二异氰酸酯,以及还有对应的异构体混合物,二环己基甲烷4,4’-、2,2’-和2,4’-二异氰酸酯,以及对应的异构体混合物,1-异氰酸酯基-3,3,5-三甲基-5-异氰酸酯基甲基环己烷(IPDI),甲苯2,4-和/或2,6-二异氰酸酯(TDI),二苯基甲烷4,4’-、2,4’-和/或2,2’-二异氰酸酯(MDI),聚苯基聚亚甲基多异氰酸酯和/或包含至少两种上述异氰酸酯的混合物。在本发明方法中还可以使用含有酯基、脲基、脲基甲酸酯基、碳化二亚胺基、脲二酮(Uretdion)基和/或尿烷基的二-和/或多异氰酸酯。优选使用2,4’-、2,2’-和/或4,4’-MDI和/或聚苯基聚亚甲基多异氰酸酯,特别优选包含聚苯基聚亚甲基多异氰酸酯和至少一种MDI异构体的混合物。
可以使用且对异氰酸酯具有反应性的化合物(b)的实例是其中对异氰酸酯具有反应性的基团是羟基、硫醇和/或伯和/或仲氨基的那些,例如选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚硫醚多元醇、含羟基聚缩醛和含羟基脂族聚碳酸酯的多元醇,以及由至少两种上述多元醇组成的混合物。这些化合物通常具有的官能度为1-8,优选1.5-6,特别优选2-6且优选具有的分子量为400-8000。它们对本领域熟练技术人员来说是已知的。
聚醚多元醇的实例是可以使用已知技术通过向常规的起始物质中加入烯化氧得到的那些,所述烯化氧如四氢呋喃、1,3-环氧丙烷、1,2-或2,3-环氧丁烷、氧化苯乙烯和优选环氧乙烷和/或1,2-环氧丙烷。可以使用的起始物质的实例是已知的脂族、芳脂族、环脂族和/或芳族化合物,其含有至少一个,优选2-4个羟基和/或至少一个,优选2-4个氨基。可以用作起始物质的化合物的实例是乙二醇、二甘醇、1,2-和1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、1,7-庚二醇、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、新戊二醇、糖类,如蔗糖,季戊四醇、山梨醇、乙二胺、丙二胺、新戊烷二胺、六亚甲基二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、4,4’-二氨基二环己基甲烷、2-(乙基氨基)乙基胺、3-(甲基氨基)丙基胺、二亚乙基三胺、二亚丙基三胺和/或N,N’-双(3-氨基丙基)乙二胺。
烯化氧可以单独使用或依次交替使用,或以混合物使用。优选使用的烯化氧能在多元醇中给出伯羟基。特别优选使用的多元醇已经用环氧乙烷在烷氧基化结束时烷氧基化且因此具有伯羟基。
合适的聚酯多元醇可以例如由具有2-12个碳原子的有机二羧酸,优选具有4-6个碳原子的脂族二羧酸和具有2-12,优选2-6个碳原子的多元醇,优选二醇来制备。聚酯多元醇优选具有的官能度为2-4,特别是2-3,且分子量为480-3000,优选600-2000,特别是600-1500。
本发明的复合组件优选使用聚醚多元醇作为与异氰酸酯反应的组分(b)来生产,有利的是平均官能度为1-8,优选1.5-6且分子量为400-8000的那些。
使用聚醚多元醇借助多异氰酸酯加聚产物耐水解断裂性的改进且由于其粘度低而提供了显著的优点,在每种情况下与聚酯多元醇相比。改进的耐水解性对于用于造船中是特别有利的。聚醚多元醇以及生产(ii)的包含该聚醚多元醇的反应混合物的粘度更低使得用该反应混合物填充在(i)和(iii)之间的空间以生产复合组件更简单和更快速。低粘度液体在造船业提供更显著的优点,因为尺寸,尤其是结构组件的尺寸很大。
其他合适的对异氰酸酯具有反应性的化合物是具有含10-40个碳原子的烃骨架和2-4个对异氰酸酯具有反应性的基团的物质。对本发明而言,烃骨架是未被间隔的且并不与醚的情况一样被氧原子间隔的碳原子的连续。可以使用的这类物质(在下文也称为(b3))是蓖麻油及其衍生物。
对异氰酸酯具有反应性且除了上述通常具有400-8000的分子量的化合物外可以根据需要在本发明方法中用作扩链剂和/或交联剂的其他化合物是分子量为60至小于400的二醇和/或三醇。此外,对于改性机械性能如硬度有利的是加入扩链剂、交联剂或如需要的话,它们的混合物。扩链剂和/或交联剂优选具有的分子量为60-300。可能的化合物的实例是具有2-14,优选4-10个碳原子的脂族、环脂族和/或芳脂族二醇,如乙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,10-癸二醇、邻-、间-或对-二羟基环己烷、二甘醇、二丙二醇和优选1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇和双(2-羟基乙基)氢醌,三醇如1,2,4-和1,3,5-三羟基环己烷、甘油和三羟甲基丙烷,含有羟基且基于环氧乙烷和/或1,2-环氧丙烷和基于上述二醇和/或三醇作为起始分子和/或二胺如二乙基甲苯二胺和/或3,5-二甲硫基-2,4-甲苯二胺的低分子量聚烯化氧。
若使用扩链剂、交联剂或其混合物来制备多异氰酸酯加聚产物,其用量基于所有所用对异氰酸酯具有反应性的化合物(b)的重量通常为0-30%重量,优选1-30%重量。
可以用作(b)以优化(ii)的生产过程中的固化进程的其他化合物是脂族、芳脂族、环脂族和/或芳族羧酸。这类羧酸的实例是甲酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、草酸、丙二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、苯基乙酸、邻苯二甲酸、甲苯磺酸和上述酸的衍生物,上述酸的异构体和上述酸的任何所需混合物。这些酸的重量比基于(b)的总重量可以为0-5%重量,优选0.2-2%重量。
(b)优选是包含如下组分的混合物:
(b1)40-99%重量的聚醚多元醇,其平均官能度为1.5-2.99且平均分子量为400-8000,和
(b2)1-60%重量的聚醚多元醇,其平均官能度为3-5且平均分子量为150-8000,其中所有重量数据基于混合物的总重量。
(b)特别优选为包含如下组分的混合物:
(b1)40-98%重量,优选50-80%重量的聚醚多元醇,其平均官能度为1.9-3.2,优选2.5-3且平均分子量为2500-8000,
(b2)1-30%重量,优选10-25%重量的聚醚多元醇,其平均官能度为1.9-3.2,优选2.5-3且平均分子量为150-399,和
(b3)1-30%重量,优选10-25%重量的至少一种脂族、环脂族和/或芳脂族二醇,其具有2-14个碳原子,优选4-10个碳原子,其中所有重量数据基于混合物的总重量。
组分(b)中聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇之间的重量比优选大于100,特别优选大于1000,尤其是不将聚酯多元醇用作生产(ii)的(b)。
胺起始的聚醚多元醇的使用也可改进用于生产(ii)的反应混合物的全硫化性能。与生产(ii)的其他组分一样,组分(b)优选以非常低的水含量使用,以避免通过该水与异氰酸酯基反应形成二氧化碳。
用于生产(ii)的组分(c)可以是众所周知的化合物,优选在25℃和1巴的压力下呈气态,如空气、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气和/或氖气。优选使用空气。组分(c)优选对组分(a)呈惰性,特别优选对组分(a)和(b)呈惰性,即该气体对(a)或(b)基本没有且优选没有任何可检测的反应性。气体(c)的使用从根本上讲不同于使用常规发泡剂来生产发泡聚氨酯。常规发泡剂以液体形式使用且在反应过程中或者由于产生热而蒸发或者在水的情况下由于与异氰酸酯基反应而放出气态二氧化碳,而本发明中的组分(c)优选在使用前呈气态。
(ii)的收缩以及任何所产生的与(i)和/或(iii)的部分分离通过使(a)与(b)在(c)存在下反应而得以基本避免。塑料(ii),例如多异氰酸酯加聚产物的收缩可以引起一定程度的塑料(ii)与金属板(i)和/或(iii)的分离。然而,塑料(ii)与金属板(i)和/或(iii)的非常全面和完全的粘结对于这类复合组件的机械性能具有尤其特别的好处。
可以使用的催化剂(d)包括众所周知的能够显著加速异氰酸酯与对异氰酸酯具有反应性的化合物的反应的化合物。所用催化剂的总含量优选为0.001-15%重量,特别是0.05-6%重量,基于所有所用对异氰酸酯具有反应性的化合物的重量。可以使用的化合物实例是:三乙基胺、三丁基胺、二甲基苄基胺、二环己基甲基胺、二甲基环己基胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基二氨基二乙基醚、双(二甲基氨基丙基)脲、N-甲基-和/或N-乙基吗啉、N-环己基吗啉、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基乙二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基丁二胺、N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-1,6-己烷二胺、五甲基二亚乙基三胺、二甲基哌嗪、N-二甲基氨基乙基哌啶、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-氮杂双环[2.2.0]辛烷、1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.0]辛烷(Dabco)和链烷醇胺化合物,如三乙醇胺、三异丙醇胺、N-甲基-和N-乙基二乙醇胺、二甲基氨基乙醇、2-(N,N-二甲基氨基乙氧基)乙醇、N,N’,N”-三(二烷基氨基烷基)六氢三嗪,如N,N’,N”-三(二甲基氨基丙基)均六氢三嗪,氯化铁(II)、氯化锌、辛酸铅、优选锡盐,如二辛酸锡、己酸二乙基锡、二月桂酸二丁基锡和/或二丁基二月桂基锡硫醇盐,2,3-二甲基-3,4,5,6-四氢嘧啶,氢氧化四烷基铵,如氢氧化四甲基铵,碱金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钠,碱金属醇盐,如甲醇钠和异丙醇钾,和/或具有10-20个碳原子以及若需要的话具有侧位OH基团的长链脂肪酸的碱金属盐。
已经证明非常有利的是在(d)的存在下生产(ii)以加速该反应。
若需要,可以将添加剂和/或助剂(e)掺入用于制备多异氰酸酯加聚产物(ii)的反应混合物中。可以提及的实例是表面活性物质、填料、染料、颜料、阻燃剂、防止水解的试剂和具有抗真菌或抗细菌作用的物质,以及上述分子筛和泡沫稳定剂。
可能的表面活性物质的实例是用于促进原料的均化且合适的话还适于调节塑料的孔结构的那些化合物。可以提及的实例是乳化剂,如蓖麻油硫酸酯或脂肪酸的钠盐,还有脂肪酸与胺的盐,如油酸二乙基铵、硬脂酸二乙醇铵、蓖麻油酸二乙醇铵以及磺酸的盐,如十二烷基苯-或二萘基甲烷二磺酸和蓖麻油酸的碱金属盐或铵盐。表面活性物质通常以0.01-5%重量的量使用,基于对异氰酸酯具有反应性的全部所用化合物(b)的100%重量。
合适的阻燃剂的实例是磷酸三甲苯基酯、磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯、磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(1,3-二氯丙基)酯、磷酸三(2,3-二溴丙基)酯、亚乙基二磷酸四(2-氯乙基)酯、甲烷膦酸二甲酯、二乙醇氨基甲基膦酸二乙基酯和市售含卤素阻燃多元醇。可以用于对多异氰酸酯加聚产物提供阻燃性的化合物除了上述卤素取代的磷酸酯外,还有无机或有机阻燃剂如红磷、水合氧化铝、三氧化锑、氧化砷、聚磷酸铵和硫酸钙,可膨胀石墨或氰脲酸衍生物,如蜜胺,或至少两种阻燃剂的混合物,如聚磷酸铵和蜜胺的混合物,以及若需要的话,还有玉米淀粉或聚磷酸铵,或蜜胺和可膨胀石墨和/或若需要的话,芳族聚酯的混合物。通常有用的是基于所有所用异氰酸酯反应性化合物的重量使用5-50%重量,优选5-25%重量的上述阻燃剂。
对本发明而言,填料,特别是增强填料,是增强剂、填充剂、改进涂料磨耗性能的试剂、涂饰剂等,以及本身已知的常用有机和无机填料。可以提及的单个实例是:无机填料,如硅酸盐矿物,例如页硅酸盐,如叶蛇纹石、蛇纹石、闪石、角闪石、纤蛇纹石和滑石,金属氧化物,如高岭土、矾土、钛氧化物和铁氧化物,金属盐,如白垩、重晶石和无机颜料,如硫化镉和硫化锌,还有玻璃。优选使用高岭土(陶土)、硅酸铝以及硫酸钡和硅酸铝的共沉淀物,还有天然和合成纤维形成矿物,如硅灰石以及短金属和玻璃纤维。可能的有机填料实例是:碳、蜜胺、松香、环戊二烯基树脂和接枝聚合物,还有纤维素纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚丙烯腈纤维、聚氨酯纤维和基于芳族和/或脂族二羧酸酯的聚酯纤维,尤其是碳纤维。无机和有机填料可以单独使用或以混合物使用。
用于生产(ii)的助剂(e)和/或添加剂优选基于(ii)的重量包含10-70%重量的填料。所用填料优选包括滑石、高岭土、碳酸钙、重晶石、玻璃纤维和/或玻璃微珠。优选将填料颗粒的尺寸选择得不妨碍引入组件的(i)和(iii)之间的空间以生产(ii)。填料特别优选具有的粒度小于0.5毫米。
优选将填料以与多元醇组分的混合物形式用于反应中以制备多异氰酸酯加聚产物。
填料可以用于降低多异氰酸酯加聚产物的热膨胀系数,其热膨胀系数大于钢,因此使该系数与钢相匹配。这对于在层(i)、(ii)和(iii)之间产生持久的强结合是特别有利的,因为它在经受热负荷时在各层之间产生较低的应力。
从定义上讲(ii)的重量对应于用于生产(ii)的组分(a)、(b)和(c)以及若需要,(d)和/或(e)的重量。
优选将本领域熟练技术人员众所周知的常规市售泡沫稳定剂用作生产(ii)的(e),例如众所周知的聚硅氧烷-聚烯化氧嵌段共聚物,如Goldschmidt的Tegostab 2219。当生产(ii)时,这些泡沫稳定剂的比例优选为0.001-10%重量,特别优选0.01-10%重量,尤其是0.01-2%重量,基于用于生产(ii)的组分(b)、(e)和若使用的话,(d)的重量。使用这些泡沫稳定剂稳定了生产(ii)所用反应混合物中的优选组分(c)。
对于与(a)的反应,即用于生产(ii),特别优选使用包含如下组分的混合物:
(b1)40-98%重量,优选50-80%重量的聚醚多元醇,其平均官能度为1.9-3.2,优选2.5-3且平均分子量为2500-8000,
(b2)1-30%重量,优选10-25%重量的聚醚多元醇,其平均官能度为1.9-3.2,优选2.5-3且平均分子量为150-399,和
(b3)1-30%重量,优选10-25%重量的至少一种脂族、环脂族和/或芳脂族二醇,其具有2-14个碳原子,优选4-10个碳原子,其中对于(b1)、(b2)和(b3)的所有重量数据均基于组分(b1)、(b2)和(b3)的总重量,
(e1)基于混合物的总重量为0.001-10%重量的泡沫稳定剂,
以及
(e2)基于混合物的总重量为0.05-5%重量的分子筛。
为制备本发明的多异氰酸酯加聚产物,异氰酸酯和对异氰酸酯具有反应性的化合物的反应量优选应使异氰酸酯中NCO基团与对异氰酸酯具有反应性的化合物中反应性氢原子总量的当量比为0.85-1.25∶1,优选0.95-1.15∶1,且特别是1-1.05∶1。若(ii)含有至少一些异氰脲酸酯基团,则NCO基团与反应性氢原子总量之间所用的比例通常为1.5-60∶1,优选1.5-8∶1。
多异氰酸酯加聚产物通常由一步法或由预聚物方法制备,例如借助高压或低压技术。
已经证明特别有利的是由两组分方法进行操作并在组分(A)中混合对异氰酸酯具有反应性的组分(b)、催化剂(d)(若使用的话),和/或助剂和/或添加剂(e),优选将这些组分相互紧密混合并将异氰酸酯(a)用作组分(B)。
优选的组分(c)可以引入包含(a)、(b)和若使用的话,(d)和/或(e)的反应混合物中,和/或引入上述单个组分(a)和(b)中,或引入(A)和/或(B)中。与(c)混合的组分通常为液体。优选将各组分混入组分(b)中。
合适的组分与(c)的混合可以由众所周知的方法进行。例如(c)可以由众所周知的进料设备如空气进料设备引入合适的组分中,优选在加压下,例如由加压容器或由压缩器压缩而例如借助喷嘴引入。优选对应组分与(c)的混合基本彻底,且因此在常为液体的组分中气态(c)的气泡尺寸优选为0.0001-10毫米,特别优选0.0001-1毫米。
(c)在生产(ii)的反应混合物中的含量可以使用众所周知的测量装置在高压机械的回流管中由反应混合物的密度测定。(c)在反应混合物中的含量优选可以基于该密度由控制单元自动调节。甚至在非常低的循环速率下,该组分密度可以在线测定并在材料在机械内的常规循环过程中调节。
例如夹芯组件可以通过用生产(ii)的起始组分将待在(i)和(iii)之间填充的空间封闭(用于起始组分的进料口和出料口除外)并将优选混合的起始组分(a)、(b)、(c)和若需要,(d)和/或(e)经由进料口,优选使用常规的高压机械,加入(i)和(iii)之间的空间中而生产。
起始组分通常在0-100℃,优选20-60℃下混合,且如前所述引入(i)和(iii)之间的空间中。它们可以使用搅拌器或混合螺杆进行机械混合,但优选通过高压机械中常用的逆流方法混合,其中A组分和B组分各自的喷射流以高压在混合头中相互接触并混合。一种或另一种组分的喷射流还可被细分。反应温度,即反应发生的温度通常>20℃,优选为50-150℃。
根据本发明生产的复合组件的多异氰酸酯加聚产物(ii)优选具有在-45℃至+50℃范围内的弹性模量为>275MPa(按照DIN 53457),与(i)和(iii)的粘合强度>4MPa(按照DIN53530)、在-45℃至+50℃范围内的伸长率>30%(按照DIN53504),拉伸强度>20MPa(按照DIN53504)以及抗压强度>20MPa(按照DIN53421)。
可以由本发明方法生产的本发明复合组件与已知设计相比具有下列优点:
·根据本发明的开孔显著改进复合组件在高压差和/或高温下的性能。
·(ii)的收缩和伴随的(ii)与(i)和(iii)的粘结损害可通过优选使用(c)而得以避免。
·支柱和类似的增强元件几乎是完全多余的。这使得在制造时通过节省材料和通过显著简化的防腐来显著降低成本。
·在造船应用中,较低的重量给出较高的吨位和/或较低的燃料消耗。
·维护,例如就防腐而言,得到显著简化。这使得维护间隔更长。
·具有多异氰酸酯加聚产物,例如具有聚氨酯弹性体的夹芯结构具有更好的能量吸收且因此具有较低的破裂蔓延。当施加进一步的应力时,已知的钢结构易于在穿孔后形成破裂,即裂缝扩展到大面积的船壳。这使得在发生事故时或在过量负载时的损坏危险降至最小。这种改进的安全标准对油船是特别有利的。
·收缩可以降低且(ii)与(i)和(iii)的粘结由于在生产(ii)中使用根据本发明的(c)而得到显著改进。
·基于聚醚多元醇的优选多异氰酸酯加聚产物比基于聚酯多元醇的产物更耐水解降解。这给出了显著的优点,尤其是对复合组件在造船中的应用。
·包含聚醚多元醇的生产(ii)的优选反应混合物具有显著低于基于聚酯多元醇的反应混合物的粘度。这使得复合组件的制造更快速和更简单。
·填料在优选的多异氰酸酯加聚产物中的优选含量降低了(ii)的热膨胀系数,因此使其更接近(i)和(iii)的系数。由于热应力引起的,尤其是环境温度引起的,例如在船壳情况下由水温变化引起的(i)、(ii)和(iii)间的应力可根据本发明得到降低。这使得(ii)与(i)和(iii)的粘结得到持续改进。
·(ii)与(i)和(iii)的粘结可以通过(i)和(iii)表面的优选喷砂处理而显著改进。由于改进的粘结,所得结构组件可具有更好的稳定性和耐久性。
可根据本发明得到的复合组件因此主要应用于需要承受大力的结构组件的场合,例如用作造船中的结构组件,例如用于船壳如具有外壁和内壁的双层船壳和货物固定盖板中,或用于建筑工件如桥梁中,或用作建筑物,尤其是多层建筑物中的结构组件。
本发明的复合组件不应与包含硬质聚氨酯泡沫和/或硬质聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫作为芯且常用于热绝缘的常规夹芯组件相混淆。这些已知夹芯组件的较低机械承载能力使得它们不适于上述应用领域。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合组件,具有如下层状结构:
(i)2-20毫米的金属,
(ii)10-300毫米的塑料,和
(iii)2-20毫米的金属,其中(i)和/或(iii)具有根据需要可密封的开孔。
2.一种如权利要求1所要求的复合组件,其中开孔的直径为0.5-100毫米。
3.一种如权利要求1所要求的复合组件,其中开孔已经密封且在(ii)和(i)和/或(iii)的另一向外侧之间的压差至少为10巴时打开,其中在(ii)中存在较高的压力。
4.一种如权利要求1所要求的复合组件,其根据本发明的开孔已经密封并在温度高于250℃时打开。
5.一种如权利要求1所要求的复合组件,其中开孔为阀。
6.一种如权利要求1所要求的复合组件,其中阀由使用螺纹的方法与(i)和/或(iii)连接。
7.一种如权利要求1所要求的复合组件,其中开孔连接于伸入(ii)中的管的一端,该管的另一端距不具有连接于该管的开孔的金属层与(ii)接触的表面0.5-9.5毫米。
8.敞开或密封的阀在具有如下层状结构的复合组件中的用途:
(i)2-20毫米的金属,
(ii)10-300毫米的塑料,和
(iii)2-20毫米的金属,用于降低(ii)和(i)和/或(iii)中的另一向外侧之间的压差,其中在(ii)中存在较高的压力。
9.敞开或密封的阀在具有如下层状结构的复合组件中用于从(ii)中消散气体的用途:
(i)2-20毫米的金属,
(ii)10-300毫米的塑料,和
(iii)2-20毫米的金属。
10.一种包含如权利要求1-6中任一项所要求的复合组件的船舶或桥梁。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19953240.0 | 1999-11-04 | ||
DE19953240A DE19953240A1 (de) | 1999-11-04 | 1999-11-04 | Verbundelemente |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1387474A true CN1387474A (zh) | 2002-12-25 |
CN100352642C CN100352642C (zh) | 2007-12-05 |
Family
ID=7928000
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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CNB008153906A Expired - Lifetime CN100352642C (zh) | 1999-11-04 | 2000-10-25 | 复合组件、阀在该复合组件中的用途和该复合组件的用途 |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US7223457B1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1240010B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4804689B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100677800B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN100352642C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE248709T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU779069B2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2389320C (zh) |
DE (2) | DE19953240A1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1240010T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2206321T3 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO327083B1 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL205610B1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2001032415A1 (zh) |
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DE19953240A1 (de) * | 1999-11-04 | 2001-05-10 | Basf Ag | Verbundelemente |
DE10306892A1 (de) * | 2003-02-18 | 2004-08-26 | Basf Ag | Verbundelemente |
SE536468C2 (sv) * | 2012-04-11 | 2013-11-26 | Haakan Rosen | Marint skrov samt marin farkost |
CN111615451A (zh) | 2018-01-31 | 2020-09-01 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 具有改善性质的复合元件 |
CN112301870A (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2021-02-02 | 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 | 一种模块化密封圈 |
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-
1999
- 1999-11-04 DE DE19953240A patent/DE19953240A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-10-25 ES ES00974456T patent/ES2206321T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-25 CN CNB008153906A patent/CN100352642C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-25 EP EP00974456A patent/EP1240010B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-25 CA CA 2389320 patent/CA2389320C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-25 AT AT00974456T patent/ATE248709T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-10-25 KR KR1020027005703A patent/KR100677800B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-25 US US10/111,057 patent/US7223457B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-25 JP JP2001534598A patent/JP4804689B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-10-25 PL PL355604A patent/PL205610B1/pl unknown
- 2000-10-25 WO PCT/EP2000/010521 patent/WO2001032415A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-10-25 DE DE50003587T patent/DE50003587D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-10-25 AU AU12755/01A patent/AU779069B2/en not_active Expired
- 2000-10-25 DK DK00974456T patent/DK1240010T3/da active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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NO20022138L (no) | 2002-05-03 |
EP1240010B1 (de) | 2003-09-03 |
NO327083B1 (no) | 2009-04-20 |
EP1240010A1 (de) | 2002-09-18 |
US8449967B2 (en) | 2013-05-28 |
ES2206321T3 (es) | 2004-05-16 |
JP4804689B2 (ja) | 2011-11-02 |
PL355604A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
ATE248709T1 (de) | 2003-09-15 |
CA2389320C (en) | 2010-05-04 |
DK1240010T3 (da) | 2003-10-13 |
KR20020043260A (ko) | 2002-06-08 |
US20070254179A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
JP2003512951A (ja) | 2003-04-08 |
AU779069B2 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
CN100352642C (zh) | 2007-12-05 |
DE50003587D1 (de) | 2003-10-09 |
CA2389320A1 (en) | 2001-05-10 |
DE19953240A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 |
US7223457B1 (en) | 2007-05-29 |
KR100677800B1 (ko) | 2007-02-05 |
WO2001032415A1 (de) | 2001-05-10 |
PL205610B1 (pl) | 2010-05-31 |
AU1275501A (en) | 2001-05-14 |
NO20022138D0 (no) | 2002-05-03 |
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