CN1368930A - 货箱 - Google Patents

货箱 Download PDF

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CN1368930A
CN1368930A CN00811474A CN00811474A CN1368930A CN 1368930 A CN1368930 A CN 1368930A CN 00811474 A CN00811474 A CN 00811474A CN 00811474 A CN00811474 A CN 00811474A CN 1368930 A CN1368930 A CN 1368930A
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container
gas
described container
sidewall
wall
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CN1153723C (zh
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A·F·博伦
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QPOP SYSTEMS Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D5/00—Tank wagons for carrying fluent materials
    • B61D5/04—Tank wagons for carrying fluent materials with means for cooling, heating, or insulating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D88/00—Large containers
    • B65D88/74—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents
    • B65D88/745—Large containers having means for heating, cooling, aerating or other conditioning of contents blowing or injecting heating, cooling or other conditioning fluid inside the container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/24—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants
    • B65D81/26—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators
    • B65D81/263—Adaptations for preventing deterioration or decay of contents; Applications to the container or packaging material of food preservatives, fungicides, pesticides or animal repellants with provision for draining away, or absorbing, or removing by ventilation, fluids, e.g. exuded by contents; Applications of corrosion inhibitors or desiccators for ventilating the contents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F25D17/08—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation using ducts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F25D19/003—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors with respect to movable containers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/065—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return
    • F25D2317/0651—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return through the bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/065—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return
    • F25D2317/0654—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return through the side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/066—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply
    • F25D2317/0661—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply from the bottom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/066—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply
    • F25D2317/0664—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply from the side
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
    • F25D2317/068—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the fans
    • F25D2317/0683—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the fans the fans not of the axial type

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明有关可放置在一海运集装箱内的货箱。该货箱的至少一壁(20,21,22,23)有冷却(或加热)气体可以通过的输送管(32,33)。

Description

货箱
技术领域
本发明有关已经设计的一种货箱，特别是，该货箱不是唯一为运输新鲜产品如蔬菜，水果，鱼和肉而设计。然而可设想其它物品如半导体和类似物也可由本发明的货箱运输。
背景技术
在运输容易腐烂的产品时，精确控制货箱的温度对最大限度延长容易腐烂产品的贮藏或保存期是重要的。在运输车辆或贮藏设施中温控空气的发送是制冷系统的重要特性。
运输或贮藏货箱越小其表面区域与其容积的关系越大。热量是通过运输货箱的壁传导而得到的。货箱越小，与货箱壁(表面区域)接触或接近的货物容积的百分比越大，因此制冷更困难。
为避免在容易腐烂的货品中产生热点在运输货箱内温控后的空气的循环方式极为重要。在制冷运输系统中最常用的空气循环方式是从底部空气输送或从顶部空气输送至货箱中。
典型地制冷设备安装在运输车辆的一端。空气通过热传导盘管循环，接着穿过一单独空气管沿货箱的底部或顶部进入货物区域，通过一单独入口返回并位于运输车辆的机械设备端，但通常在出口管的相对侧。例如，在制冷的海运货箱中，如出口管位于靠近货物区域的底部，入口管则位于货物区域的顶部。在制冷过程中空气的发送循环是连续的。
对于制冷卡车和海运货箱，操作者认为此方法是令人满意的。在运输车辆内的不同位置上测得的容易腐烂的货物的温度变化通常是认同的但一般在贸易可接受的极限内。
在较小的货箱上采用同样的空气发送系统，(装载底盘的尺寸)由于与货箱壁接触或接近或临近的容易腐烂的货物的容积的百分比较大而没有取得成功。
发明目的
因此本发明的目的在于提供一种货箱，该货箱至少在某些方面以简单而有效的方式消除或减少上述缺点或该货箱至少提供给公众一有用的选择。
发明公开
因此在一方面本发明提供一种货箱，该货箱包括一底部，多侧壁和一顶部，至少某些该侧壁具有气体在那里可以流过的输送管。
在另一方面本发明提供一种货箱，该货箱包括一底部，多侧壁和一顶部，在至少某些该侧壁内具有输送管，并且布置气体输送装置以便引导气体通过该输送管。
在再一方面本发明提供一种保持货箱的温度或制冷该货箱的方法，该货箱包括一底部，多侧壁和一顶部，该方法包括以下步骤：在所需温度下引导气流向上或向下通过一个或几个货箱的侧壁并使该气体向下或向上通过另外的侧壁返回，或从货箱的主体返回。
对于有关本发明领域的专业技术人员，许多结构上的变化和相差很大的实施例以及本发明的应用应理解成不超出由所附权利要求限定的本发明的范围。上述公开与描述仅用于说明，并不想在任何意义上局限本发明。
附图简要描述
现将参考以下附图说明本发明的一优选实施方式，其中：
图1是表示根据本发明的货箱的底部的分解第三角度视图；
图2是根据本发明一优选实施方式的货箱的较低端的截面图；
图3是在图1和图2的货箱的一壁和底部之间连接部的略微分解视图；
图4是根据本发明的货箱的壁和底部的简图；
图5是根据本发明的货箱的一角的详图；
图6是根据本发明的有凹槽侧壁的终端放大视图；
图7是根据本发明的侧壁布置的简图；
图8表示在本发明一优选实施方式中跨过货箱的顶部的气路；
图9同图8；
图10表示该货箱的顶部一优选实施方式的布置；
图11表示一优选货箱的顶部角连接器；
图12表示图11中该连接器的截面；
图13是根据本发明的货箱的一角组件；
图14表示图13的分解视图；
图15表示在一交叉点的侧壁和底部之间接合处的细节，该交叉点形成底部气体接受交叉点。
图16是一类似细节图但表示在该底部和该侧壁之间的气体供给交叉点；
图17是一根据本发明的货箱的另一实施例的侧部简图；
图18是图17的货箱的简略透视图；
图19表示根据本发明的还有一个货箱；
图20表示根据本发明的还有另一个货箱；以及
图21图(a)到(n)是一系列图表示货箱安装的顺序。
本发明的最佳实施方式
参考图1到16，提供一货箱如下：
该货箱包括一底部，一顶部和多侧壁，最好是四个。该底部安装在底盘1上。提供一装置以一种将在此后详细描述的方式输送气体，该装置可在底部或顶部内。在优选实施方式中该气体输送装置在底部内。在如此结构中该底部包括下部2和上部3两部分。在本发明的优选实施方式中气体将在货箱的两侧壁中向上移动和在两侧壁中向下移动。另外一个变化是气体可在一侧向上和一侧向下，三侧壁向上和一侧壁向下或一侧向上和三侧向下。另外选择包括四侧壁向上和通过该货箱的主体向下并使气体从该侧壁上方的不同点进入该货箱的主体。在两侧壁向上，两侧壁向下形式中下部2设置有一底部4并在底部4上设置有周边壁5。上部3有一底部7和其两边上的壁8和9。上部3的底部7有一气体可通过的中心孔10，底部7的另两侧其附近有一弧形侧壁11以在使用时帮助引导气体流。底部4的各侧也带有一弧形壁，使得带有弧形壁12的底部4的该侧坐落在不带有弧形壁的底部7的各侧的下方。气体输送装置如径流式风扇13用于输送气体穿过中心孔10。顶板14设置在上部3的上方，使得上和下充气室有效地设置在沿该气体输送装置的底部。在图1和图3所示的该底部和该底盘之间可以设置一绝缘层15。底部9放置在与壁5的内侧相连的有凹口的叶片16上。叶片16也引导空气均匀进入输送管。底部9和顶板由衬套17支撑，通过使用螺母19，螺栓18穿过衬套17将该结构固定。
货箱的各壁包括壁20，21，22和23，其中之一如壁23，可以是门的形式。因此例如侧壁21和23可比壁20和22宽，如图7所示使得壁21和23与侧壁20和22搭接。在本发明的优选实施方式中，各壁由瓦楞硬纸板制成，一种符合要求的硬纸板由Carter Holt HarveyLimited提供并以M FLUTE商标出售。该板有足够的刚性并有构成气体如空气通过的输送管的瓦楞。在如图5所示的结构中壁20临靠壁21的一面，带子25垂直通过并围绕各角将该壁保持在位置上。该货箱通常用塑料包裹。在图6中例如壁21所示，可看到外表面在26处有两倍厚度的硬纸板，内壁27围绕壁28的端部延伸并在29处折回固定在外壁上。
顶部包括一个或一个以上的室，及一个符合要求的结构大致如图10所示，其中设置层30和31的两层瓦楞硬纸板，其中瓦楞32和33大致成直角。这保持气流分开和使该空气通过一壁如壁20向上穿过瓦楞如瓦楞33并从另一侧壁如侧壁22向下。当然显而易见可设置一单独的充气室或没有瓦楞的两个充气室，但确认优选实施例包括如图10所示的结构。图11示出了从上述壁20到上部30的完整气体通路的路线。设置连接器45，该连接器有在面46和47之间的气体通路48。在气体通路48内有分流器49。面46和47在50，51处凹进以提供与侧板20和顶板30接合的凹入构件。可类似制成其它连接方式。另一方法简化为在硬纸板一长度上的两个位置开“V”形缺口，使得该长度折叠形成由一顶部分开的一对侧部，折叠处瓦楞对齐。该实施例在图9中示出了此种结构。
因此参考图8空气通过壁20向上进入顶部30并从壁22向下。图13示出了角组件，可看到壁20内的瓦楞终止在比壁21内的瓦楞的较低处且可看到延伸部35。尽管有货箱壁在接纳端不易布置的缺点，壁的内表面的硬纸板可由易传导热量但有足够强度的材料如金属片取代。还可在气体供给和气体接受壁上设置孔组，使得气体通过货物而不是通过顶部上方或通过顶部。当货物是园艺产品时此结构有特别的优点。在此结构中选中的通路可被堵住以驱动气流通过货物。
气流通过两相对侧向上并从另两相对侧向下同样是可能的。
那是气流通过一个角。
参考图15和图16，可看到空气将沿例如侧壁23瓦楞以箭头40方向向下返回。气体输送装置13如径流式风扇将通过孔10驱动气体进入使其能沿壁21内的瓦楞向上移动的下室中。
在一底部室中设置一制冷单元(未示出)或加热单元。通常希望设置一冷却单元，但也可使用一加热单元，或可设置一加热单元和一冷却单元。
使用时门23打开，货物或物品堆放在货箱内。门23关闭，图2和图3所示的绝缘板50放置在货箱的周围。然后这些用带子捆上使其固定在位置上，该带子在图中如标号51所示。也可采用其它现有的固定装置。
一旦关闭，根据本发明的货箱可如所需在海运集装箱内或适合单独运输。
电力供给气体输送装置13，空气(或如使用其它气体)向上移动至或在某些情况下一或三个侧壁越过货箱的顶部(除非堵住以引导气流通过货物)并从另两或三或一个侧壁向下返回进入底部。显而易见，尽管在底部中有冷却和驱动气体的作用，在某些情况下确信能有一更简单的结构时可倒转底部和顶部的角色。该结构有在一底盘上运输可折叠的货箱的特点。简要地说本发明的实施例的优选方式可描述成一底盘底部，有内部充气室，一风扇，四侧壁和一水平顶壁。各壁包括空气输送管。风扇驱动空气沿两壁向上，越过顶部，沿两壁向下并回到风扇从而完成空气发送循环。此独特的结构能使两个独立的空气循环以互成90度工作。由于空气被均匀驱动通过所有的壁，可精确地控制通过货箱壁的热传导。这对无呼吸易腐烂产品如肉类很理想，该产品典型地包装在没有空气通风孔的盒子内。
此种结构在货物周围基本形成一冷气体“垫”并特别适用于在储存和/或运输时散发很少热量或没有散发热量的肉产品。该“垫”有效地将货箱内容物与外部环境空气隔绝。
对于呼吸并散发热量的易腐烂的园艺产品，有必要将温控的空气通过通风孔流入产品的盒子并围绕和/或越过产品以带走热量并精确控制产品的温度。在此情况下可以使用以下任一空气发送选择。
如图17和图18所示通过一侧壁向上并越过至其相对侧壁。
在本发明的此形式中，空气被推离风扇，沿一壁60向上，通过位于其内壁62(在货物一侧)中的孔61，通过货物并越过至其相对侧壁63，通过位于第二或相对侧壁的内壁中的孔64，并穿过此壁返回至风扇。
在此实施例中，孔61其面积应小于或至多等于输送管的输入面积。如果总面积接近输入面积则所需上面的孔应大于下面的孔。当孔的面积越少，这种分级越不需要。
如图19所示通过四壁向上并通过货物向下。
在本发明的另一形式中，设置一空气循环系统，该系统使空气通过四壁70中每一壁向上到装有货物的底盘顶部，进入一充气室，未在图19中示出，但可参考图20的71。
在板14中设置有孔72以保持空气流均匀的发送。在另一实施例中，有孔的板(未示出)可放置在靠近壁的顶部以形成一空气流过的充气室。
如图20所示通过货物向上并通过一个或一个以上的壁向下。
本发明的另一个形式是，空气被推离风扇，通过位于货物81下面的充气室80，通过货物向上，并向下通过一个或一个以上的壁82返回至风扇。
此结构相对于空气流动的方向而言基本上是图19的结构的倒转。
图21(a)到(n)表示此结构的组装顺序。
在图21中(a)表示货箱的各部件到货。在图21中(b)产品堆放在一底盘1上，并在(c)中随意地用如收缩薄膜包裹该产品。
在(d)到(f)中第一气体引导板折叠成形并在(g)中放置在产品上方。在(h)中第二板也折叠成形并放置在第一板上，这些在(i)中密封。在(j)到(1)中随后用类似方法也将绝缘板延伸过底盘1。在此阶段该盒子可用收缩薄膜包裹以密封硬纸板间的间隙。另一种是可使用袋子。图(m)到(n)示出了装有货物的本发明的货箱被托起并装入一更大的海运集装箱中。此结构适用于气体通过两侧向上，越过顶部并通过另两侧向下的实施例。在顶部的气路横跨但不交叉。
因此可看到提供至少有优选实施方式的货箱，以这样的方式使货物冷却(或加热，如果制冷装置由加热器取代)，使得甚至在小货箱中的热点(或冷点)减到最少。

Claims (29)

1.一种货箱包括一底部，多个侧壁和一顶部，至少某些该侧壁有气体可在其中流过的输送管。
2.如权利要求1所述的货箱，其特征在于，设置有四个侧壁。
3.如权利要求2所述的货箱，其特征在于，至少两个侧壁包括这样的输送管。
4.如权利要求1到3任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该顶部和底部中的至少一个包括这样的输送管。
5.如上述权利要求任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该气体沿一对这样的侧壁向上移动并沿另一对侧壁向下，该对通路在该顶部相互横跨而不交叉。
6.如权利要求1到4任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该气体沿所有侧壁向上移动至该顶部，该顶部有孔使得该气体通过该货箱的主体返回至该底部。
7.如权利要求1到4任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该侧壁在该壁的内面上含有多个孔，气体可通过该孔经过该货箱的主体至该底部，或到达相对侧的孔。
8.如权利要求7所述的货箱，其特征在于，该孔朝该所用壁的底端方向越来越小并在朝所用壁的顶端方向越来越大。
9.如上述权利要求任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，气体输送装置设置在该货箱的底部。
10.如上述权利要求任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该壁是瓦楞结构使得该瓦楞提供该输送管。
11.如上述权利要求任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该底部位于一底盘上或该底部包括一底盘结构。
12.如上述权利要求任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该气体包括冷却气体。
13.如权利要求1到11任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该气体包括加热气体。
14.如上述权利要求任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该气体包括空气。
15.一种货箱包括一底部，多个侧壁和一顶部，至少在某些该侧壁中有输送管，和设置一气体输送装置以使引导气体通过所述输送管。
16.如权利要求15所述的货箱，其特征在于，引导该气体沿两侧壁向上并沿两侧壁向下。
17.如权利要求15或16所述的货箱，其特征在于，设置有两个单独的气路。
18.如权利要求15到17任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该气体输送装置设置在该底部或顶部并引导该气体至各侧壁和从两侧壁接纳气体。
19.如权利要求15到18任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该顶部包括两室或输送管组，在一气路中的气体通过一室或输送管组，在另一气路中的气体通过另一室或另一输送管组。
20.如权利要求15到19任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该底部设置有一气体接纳室和一气体供给室，该气体输送装置将气体从该气体接纳室输送至气体供给室。
21.如权利要求15到20任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该顶部由瓦楞硬纸板制成，该各壁由瓦楞硬纸板制成。
22.如权利要求15到21任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该货箱是绝热的。
23.如权利要求15到22任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该底部室由两侧壁敞开的第一底盘和一另外两侧壁敞开的第二底盘构成。
24.如权利要求15到23任一项所述的货箱，其特征在于，该底部安装在一底盘上。
25.如权利要求22所述的货箱，其特征在于，至少该各侧壁和顶部至少在外表面是绝热的。
26.一种保持一货箱的温度或冷却该货箱的方法，该货箱包括一顶部，一底部和多个侧壁，该方法包括如下各步：在所需温度下引导气流通过该货箱的一个或一个以上侧面向上或向下并使该气体通过其它的侧壁向下或向上，或通过该货箱的主体返回。
27.如权利要求26所述的方法，其特征在于，该气体沿两侧壁向上并沿两侧壁向下移动。
28.一种货箱基本上如这里参考附图描述的那样。
29.一种如权利要求26所述的方法并基本上如这里参考附图描述的那样。
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