CN1367078A - 轻质复合制品 - Google Patents

轻质复合制品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1367078A
CN1367078A CN02101597A CN02101597A CN1367078A CN 1367078 A CN1367078 A CN 1367078A CN 02101597 A CN02101597 A CN 02101597A CN 02101597 A CN02101597 A CN 02101597A CN 1367078 A CN1367078 A CN 1367078A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
plate
composite product
supporting construction
light composite
thermoplastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN02101597A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
J·瓦根布拉斯特
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of CN1367078A publication Critical patent/CN1367078A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/64—Joining a non-plastics element to a plastics element, e.g. by force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/135—Single hemmed joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being hemmed in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/304—Joining through openings in an intermediate part of the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7422—Aluminium or alloys of aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/7428—Transition metals or their alloys
    • B29C66/74283—Iron or alloys of iron, e.g. steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • B32B3/12—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material characterised by a layer of regularly- arranged cells, e.g. a honeycomb structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/28—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by a layer comprising a deformed thin sheet, i.e. the layer having its entire thickness deformed out of the plane, e.g. corrugated, crumpled
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
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    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3411—Dimpled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3433—Dimpled spacer sheets with dimples extending from both sides of the spacer sheet
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
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    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
    • E04C2002/3411—Dimpled spacer sheets
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    • E04C2002/3438—Dimpled spacer sheets with dimples extending from both sides of the spacer sheet with saddle-shaped dimples, e.g. eggcrate type spacer sheets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24628—Nonplanar uniform thickness material
    • Y10T428/24669—Aligned or parallel nonplanarities
    • Y10T428/24678—Waffle-form

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
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Abstract

描述了一种轻质复合制品,该轻质复合制品包括:(a)两个基本相对的板,所述板的至少一个是金属板;和(b)位于所述板之间的热塑性材料的支撑结构,该支撑结构确定许多中空空间。每个板(a)通过许多锚固定地连接到支撑结构(b)上,所述锚基本均匀地分布在每个板的表面上。支撑结构可以是肋片支撑结构和/或蛋盒支撑结构的形式。还描述了包括本发明轻质复合制品的制造制品,如汽车组件。

Description

轻质复合制品
相关专利申请的交叉参考
按照35 U.S.C.119(a)-(d)，本专利申请要求德国专利申请10100 914.3的优先权，该专利申请于2001年1月11日提交。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有复合结构的三维弓形或平板型轻质制品。复合制品包括成型的热塑性材料支撑结构(如，热塑性“蛋-盒(egg-box)结构”和/或具有许多肋片的热塑性肋片结构)，和两个基本相对的板，其中之一是金属板，它固定地连接到肋片支撑结构上。本发明也涉及具有混合结构的刚性和耐扭转板型轻质部件。
背景技术
板型轻质部件包括高强度和高刚度组件，如钢或复合材料，它通过热塑性蛋-盒结构或热塑性挤出型材支撑。
具有高载荷容量的轻质型材和板通常以泡沫或蜂窝结构的夹层形式构造，它通过插入材料中而固定在金属或复合板之间(Pippert，Karosserietechnik，第二版，Vogel Buchverlag，Würzburg，1992)。此外，也有生产这样的复合板的方法，该板具有外部片材和内部肋片结构(EP 0 775 573 A2)。而且在例如EP 370 342A2中描述了塑料/金属复合部件，该部件由支撑在塑料肋片上的金属片结构组成。
在实践中普遍采用的该板型轻质部件具有如下缺点：如在夹层板的情况下，外部皮层和内核之间的粘合不牢固，或如在肋片轻质组件的情况下，如果他们是间断生产的，则后者要以复杂的技术制造。
常规的夹层结构显示外部皮层和内核之间的结合，或高强度组件和轻质结构(如，泡沫材料，肋片结构或蜂窝结构)之间的结合，该结合是插入材料型的和/或不牢固的。因此复合材料的剪切强度依赖于结合的质量。在此以下的影响因素是重要的：材料匹配，表面条件(如，清洁度，粗糙度)，和在以粘合连接的情况下粘合剂的物理性能。此外，周围环境可以在很大程度上影响复合材料的质量。
可以采用间歇的制造方法，通过片材成型和随后的注塑工艺生产轻质部件，该轻质部件由高强度组件如金属片和支撑后者的热塑性材料肋片结构组成(EP 370 342 A2)。这样的制造方法典型地需要高的模具和机器成本，使得对于大多数仅具有长运行周期的部件是值得的，如在汽车工业中使用的部件。在通过挤出进行的连续制造方法(如在EP 0 775 573 A2中描述的)中，可接受的是制造成本可保持较低，即使在较小的生产运行量下。然而此优点被以下的缺点所抵消：轻质部件的功能性受到限制或再加工成本较高。
因此本发明目的涉及产生具有以上介绍中提到的类型的板型轻质部件，它同时具有高强度和高刚度，和可以通过经济的生产方法制造。
发明内容
根据本发明，通过这样的复合材料达到此目的，该复合材料包括高强度组件和热塑性肋片结构，它们互相结合形成轻质制品。
根据本发明，提供一种轻质复合制品，其包括：
(a)两个基本相对的板，至少一个所述板是金属板；和
(b)位于板之间的热塑性材料的支撑结构，所述支撑结构确定许多中空空间，
其中每个所述板通过许多锚固定地连接到该支撑结构上，该锚基本均匀地分布在每个所述板的表面上。
在权利要求中特别指出本发明的特征，该权利要求附在后面并作为公开内容的一部分。可以从以下的详细描述和附图，其中示例说明和描述了本发明优选的实施方案，更完全地理解本发明的这些和其它特征，它的操作优点和通过它的使用而达到的具体目的。
除了操作实施例中的，或以别的方式指出的，在说明书和权利要求中使用的所有数字或符号，如表示结构尺寸的那些，注射条件等，应当理解为在所有的情况下可以被术语“约”所修饰。
优选支撑结构是基本对称的，如从基本相对的板的至少两个平面方向看，是具有镜面对称构造的支撑结构。在此实施方案中，轻质复合制品在横向和纵向都具有高的刚度。在优选的实施方案中，支撑结构是基本连续的支撑结构。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，以泡沫材料填充支撑结构的至少一部分中空空间，如蛋盒支撑结构中空空间的一侧。
在本发明特别优选的实施方案中，锚包括开口，凹口和/或结节。更特别地，锚由以下方式形成：(i)每个板具有许多至少一种孔眼和凹口，支撑结构具有许多从其延伸出的结合元件(如铆钉或更特别地是铆钉轴)，至少一些结合元件通过至少一些孔眼延伸到至少一些凹口中，因此将每个板锚定到支撑结构上。或者，锚也可由以下方式形成：(ii)支撑结构具有许多至少一种孔眼和凹口，每个板具有许多从其延伸出的结合元件，至少一些这样的结合元件通过至少一些孔眼延伸到至少一些支撑结构的凹口中，因此将每个板锚定到支撑结构上。此外，锚也可以包括(iii)，它是(i)和(ii)的结合。
支撑结构(b)的热塑性材料可以是非增强的，或增强的，或非填充的，或填充的热塑性材料。支撑结构(b)的热塑性材料特别优选地选自以下物质的至少一种：聚酰胺，聚酯，聚烯烃，苯乙烯共聚物，聚碳酸酯，聚苯醚，聚苯硫醚，聚酰亚胺，聚氯乙烯，热塑性聚氨酯，PSO和PEEK。
金属板的金属优选选自以下的至少一种：钢，铝，镁，和这些金属和其它金属的合金。另一个板优选是纤维/塑料复合材料，如纤维/热塑性复合材料，其中此处的热塑性材料可选自先前支撑结构中引用的那些。
板(a)以板，盘或薄膜的形式，固定地连接到热塑性支撑结构(b)上。为达到此目的，优选在板上产生开口，在支撑结构的成型过程期间，热塑性熔体通过此开口流动(由此形成铆钉轴)，和由于成型模具中的匹配构型，也在其它位置，如后部，侧面形成铆钉头。
板(a)的典型层厚度是从0.1到2.5mm。
以此方式，直接放置在另一个上面的两个或多个板(如，高强度金属板或组件)也可以连接到合适的开口。也可以采用一定的方式形成封闭物使板进一步互相连接，在这样的方式下力可以直接从一个板传递到另一个板上。然后塑料材料的铆钉简单地将板保持在一起和保护复合材料。
如果板，如高强度组件，仅在它们的边缘部位互相连接(如通过卷边)，可以产生具有高载荷容量的空腔结构。然后通过两个或更多的层使边缘部位得到加强和固定地连接，同时在边缘部位内部，高强度组件由塑料材料的肋板分隔。在卷边的边缘部位，热塑性材料可以位于板之间。
此外，根据本发明可产生轻质复合制品，该轻质复合制品包括许多相互间直接连接的板，它们也同样通过塑料材料的铆钉结合，然而其中塑料材料组件也形成了(作为整体模塑的热塑性板)轻质复合制品的覆盖层或套筒。轻质复合制品部件的覆盖层或套筒也可以是整体模塑的，或连接的泡沫材料或纺织品的形式。
在支撑结构(b)和板(a)如高强度组件之间形成固定连接的另外方法是在板中插入珠状件，凹陷处或结节。然后热塑性肋片结构将同样地由成型工艺成型，使得它形成和板固定的连接元件。
在轻质复合制品的生产中，首先将板或高强度组件冲孔，锯割或切割，和形成开口和/或珠状件，凹陷处或结节。如果轻质复合制品以弓形的形状构成，高强度组件必须经受合适的成型工艺(对于金属片材进行深拨)。
在第二个步骤制造热塑性支撑结构。在优选的实施方案中，从热塑性薄膜前体，通过热成型，以平面或弓形的排列方式形成蛋盒结构。
在蛋盒形支撑结构的情况下，可以同时采用生产蛋盒结构的成型工艺以结合单独的组件。为达到此目的，将高强度组件引入到模具中。由于例如使用了真空，通过开口，或进入凹陷处，或经过高强度组件的结节，热塑性薄膜前体被加热和成型。
然而也可以通过相应中空型材的挤出，生产肋片结构，然后将它切割到要求的尺寸。
如果单独通过挤出这样的中空型材生产肋片结构，借助于高强度组件，固定锁紧元件可以和肋片结构一起整体模塑。这在热成型工艺中进行，其中高强度组件作为模具。在此，高强度组件直接连接到肋片结构上，和可以任选地通过粘合，焊接，螺纹连接，扣锁或该结合方法的组合而得到加强。另外也可以在代表肋片结构的中空型材产生开口。高强度组件合适放置的结节伸入该开口，和因此产生在肋片结构和高强度组件之间的固定封闭。
挤出型材即可以纵向地(该型材的顶部或下侧)连接到高强度组件上，也可以相对于挤出型材倾斜地(该型材的平面)连接到高强度组件上。如果挤出型材相对于挤出方向倾斜地(该型材的平面)连接到高强度组件上，可以整体模塑螺纹连接件或焊接的圆顶件，通过这些方式可以达到对高强度组件的连接。
复合制品也可以通过两个热塑性组件的点焊而生产。在此情况下两个或多个热塑性组件插入一个或多个高强度组件。这样排列焊接点使得它们位于高强度组件的开口。以此方式，高强度组件夹紧在两个热塑性组件之间和并得到固定。
也可以将这样的焊接和生产蛋盒结构的热成型过程结合，该焊接是两个热塑性组件或板，与位于它们之间的高强度组件或板的焊接。在此情况下，首先通过相应的阳模，使蛋盒结构成型，然后在成型操作之后，直接将该结构焊接到第二个热塑性组件上。
如果高强度组件由以织造或非织造织物增强的具有热塑性基体的复合材料组成，进一步的变化是可能的。在此情况下，高强度组件和热塑性肋片结构可以直接互相焊接。
本发明进一步提供制造制品，该制造制品包括本发明的轻质复合制品。这样的制造制品包括，但不限于，汽车工业中的构造元件，特别是用于下部车体的元件，用于备用胎凹口或行李箱的盖子，或作为屋顶组合体，特别是自支撑的屋顶组合体，也用于洗衣机罩或用于冰箱外壳。
可由本发明轻质复合制品提供的优点包括以下这些。复合制品可提供高强度和高刚度结合的弓形或平面构型的形式。复合制品可以是具有高剪切强度的夹层结构形式。复合制品可以是具有确定的中空空间如用于容纳电缆的空间的夹层结构形式。由于它们的连接是固定连接，故在很大程度上，复合制品的锚不依赖于材料的匹配。由于末端层的分离，本发明轻质复合制品基本没有突然的破坏。可以通过低成本制造工艺，包括低运行成本制造工艺，制备本发明的轻质复合制品。本发明轻质复合制品的制造典型地包括低加工成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明轻质复合制品的剖面透视图；
图1a是图1轻质复合制品边缘部位的具有代表性的详视图；
图2是本发明轻质复合制品的剖面图，它进一步包括纺织品层；
图3是本发明轻质复合制品的剖面图，其中以泡沫材料填充肋片支撑结构的中空空间；
图4是本发明轻质复合制品的剖面图，其中以泡沫材料填充肋片支撑结构的中空空间；
图5是具有两种不同蛋盒构型的支撑结构的透视图；和
图6到11是本发明轻质复合制品的剖面图，其中说明各种锚。
除非另外说明，在图1到11中，相同的参考数字和字符代表相同的组件和结构特征。
具体实施方式
以下参见附图详细描述本发明，但并不由此限制本发明。
实施例
具有内部蛋盒结构的中空腔室-轻质部件，图1到11
图1到11表示本发明具有内部蛋盒支撑结构的中空-腔室轻质复合制品的实施方案。
图1表示中空腔室-轻质部件的剖面图，该部件由金属片2和4，热塑性塑料板1，和以蛋盒形状形成的肋片结构3组成。塑料板1在边缘部位11插入金属片2和4中。从详细视图(图1a)可以看出，经由在凹陷处12以下边缘部位11中凸起的塑料板1，由金属板2和4中的合适开口21和41中的焊接点13，使金属片2和4互相连接。此外，两个金属板2和4还由金属片2的开口21中的珠状件22进行固定连接，该珠状件2突出到金属板4的开口41中。
通过蛋盒结构3的平行接触表面31，金属板2和4由蛋盒形支撑结构(蛋盒结构)支承。金属板2通过铆钉头33连接到蛋盒结构3上。塑料板1和蛋盒结构3之间的连接通过焊接点35实现。由于焊接点35位于金属板4的开口42中，和另外由于金属板4布置在塑料板1和蛋盒结构3之间，因此也可以通过塑料板1和蛋盒结构3的连接而实现对金属板4的另外固定。
通过多阶段成型和焊接工艺，进行图1中表示的轻质部件的生产。因此首先将金属板2和4冲孔和深拨，和将平面板热成型而得到塑料板1和蛋盒结构3。然后将金属板4和蛋盒结构3放置在塑料板1中。通过超声波焊接技术，在焊接点35处，将塑料板1和蛋盒结构3焊接在一起。将金属板2放置在蛋盒结构3上，使得还没有成型的铆钉头33通过金属板2的开口21突出，和金属板2的珠状件22通过金属板4的开口41突出。最后在热成型工艺中，将蛋盒结构3还没有成型的铆钉头33成型到最终形式，和将在塑料板1的边缘部位11还没有产生的焊接点13成型到最终形式。为此，特别地在边缘部位11将塑料板1加热，和利用合适的工具将该板卷边。借助于加热的芯轴，通过凹陷处12连接焊接点13。也以加热的芯轴进行铆钉头33的成型。
图2表示根据图1的夹层结构的剖面，它在某些区域进行了改进。根据图2的轻质部件由金属板2和4组成，它们由蛋盒结构3分隔。塑料板1和5围绕金属板2和4。此外塑料板5还提供有纺织品层7。在此情况下，在连接点6和35的位置，塑料组件1，3和5互相焊接或粘合。连接点6和35同样也位于金属板2和4的开口21和41中，使得可以获得单个组件的固定锁紧复合材料。纺织品层7粘合在其上。以空气填充蛋盒结构3的中空空间9。
在图3和4中，在一侧以泡沫材料填充蛋盒结构3的中空空间。图3和4也表示图1夹层结构的改进形式。然而仅在一侧对蛋盒结构进行这样的操作。根据图3和4蛋盒结构的示例见图5。蛋盒结构3具有椭圆体或截短的金字塔型中空空间9，它由圆顶件36形成，且与连接元件34一起整体模塑。
图1夹层结构的设计改进见图6到11。在此表示了在金属板2和4及蛋盒结构3之间的各种可能的连接。
在图6中，由于蛋盒结构3的圆顶件末端插入到金属板2和4的肋片24和44中，两个肋片金属板2和4得以连接到蛋盒结构上。可以通过粘合剂支撑连接件。
图7表示夹层结构，它由塑料板1，蛋盒结构3和肋片金属板2组成。
根据图8的轻质部件表示与图7相似的布置。然而，在图8中，通过珠状件25将金属板2的肋片24固定连接到蛋盒结构3上。
图9到11的视图表示金属板2和4到中间蛋盒结构3的连接。在这些例子中，肋片24和44以朝向蛋盒结构3内部的方式成型。蛋盒结构3也包括在圆顶件36中朝向内部的凹陷处37。在图9和11中，这些凹陷处具有开口38，金属板2和4的肋片24和44通过此开口突出。在图11中，肋片24和44具有珠状件25，它保证倾斜于轻质部件板平面的固定锁紧连接，该轻质部件位于2，4和3之间。
尽管以上为了说明的目的对本发明已经进行了详细的描述，应当理解这样的详细描述仅作为说明的目的，其中在不背离本发明精神和范围的情况下，本领域技术人员可以做出各种改变，除非这些改变由权利要求所限定。

Claims (14)

1.一种轻质复合制品，其包括：
(a)两个基本相对的板，该板的至少一个是金属板；和
(b)位于所述板之间的热塑性材料的支撑结构，该支撑结构确定许多中空空间，
其中每个所述板通过许多锚固定地连接到该支撑结构上，该锚基本均匀地分布在每个所述板的表面上。
2.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中所述支撑结构基本是对称的。
3.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中所述支撑结构基本是连续的。
4.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中所述支撑结构选自肋片支撑结构和蛋盒支撑结构中的至少一种。
5.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中以泡沫材料填充所述结构的至少一部分中空空间。
6.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中所述锚选自：
(i)每个所述板具有许多至少一种的孔眼和凹口，和所述支撑结构具有许多从其延伸出的结合元件，至少一些该结合元件通过至少一些所述孔眼延伸到至少一些所述凹口中，因此将每个所述板锚定到所述支撑结构上；
(ii)所述支撑结构具有许多至少一种的孔眼和凹口，和每个所述板具有许多从其延伸出的结合元件，至少一些该结合元件通过至少一些所述孔眼延伸到至少一些所述支撑结构的所述凹口中，因此将每个所述板锚定到所述支撑结构上；和
(iii)(i)和(ii)的结合。
7.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中所述支撑结构的热塑性塑料选自以下物质的至少一种：聚酰胺，聚酯，聚烯烃，苯乙烯共聚物，聚碳酸酯，聚苯醚，聚苯硫醚，聚酰亚胺，聚氯乙烯，热塑性聚氨酯，PSO和PEEK。
8.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中金属板的金属选自以下的至少一种：钢，铝，镁，和包含钢，铝和镁至少之一的金属合金。
9.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中一个板是塑料和纤维的复合材料。
10.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其进一步包括至少一个邻接所述金属板的塑料板。
11.权利要求1的轻质复合制品，其中该轻质复合制品具有边缘部位，和所述板在该边缘部位互相连接。
12.权利要求11的轻质复合制品，其中在所述边缘部位所述板通过卷边互相连接，和在卷边的边缘部位热塑性材料位于所述板之间。
13.一种制造制品，其包含权利要求1的轻质复合制品。
14.权利要求13的制造制品，其中所述制造制品选自汽车部件，器具部件和建筑材料的至少一种。
CN02101597A 2001-01-11 2002-01-11 轻质复合制品 Pending CN1367078A (zh)

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DE10100914A DE10100914A1 (de) 2001-01-11 2001-01-11 Plattenförmiges Leichtbauteil
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CN111186622A (zh) * 2018-11-15 2020-05-22 吴铭远 复合板材结构及其箱盒结构
CN113260748A (zh) * 2019-01-14 2021-08-13 范德威尔公司 剑杆
CN112332014A (zh) * 2019-07-18 2021-02-05 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 使用多材料冷却模块的蓄电池单元突片直接冷却
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CZ2002110A3 (cs) 2002-08-14
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EP1223032A2 (de) 2002-07-17
JP2002264230A (ja) 2002-09-18
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KR20020060603A (ko) 2002-07-18
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HK1049132A1 (zh) 2003-05-02
US20020106490A1 (en) 2002-08-08

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