CN1365421A - 带驱动发电设备及方法 - Google Patents

带驱动发电设备及方法 Download PDF

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CN1365421A
CN1365421A CN00810983A CN00810983A CN1365421A CN 1365421 A CN1365421 A CN 1365421A CN 00810983 A CN00810983 A CN 00810983A CN 00810983 A CN00810983 A CN 00810983A CN 1365421 A CN1365421 A CN 1365421A
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乔纳森·B·罗斯福斯基
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    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
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    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
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    • B63H2001/127—Single or multiple threaded helicoidal screws, or the like, comprising foils extending over a substantial angle; Archimedean screws with helicoidal foils projecting from inside surfaces of rotating shrouds; Archimedean screws
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    • B63H11/02—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water
    • B63H11/04—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps
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    • B63H2011/081—Marine propulsion by water jets the propulsive medium being ambient water by means of pumps of rotary type with axial flow, i.e. the axis of rotation being parallel to the flow direction
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    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

披露一种带驱动发电系统和方法。该系统装备有在第一端含有入水口、在第二端含有出水口的扩展管道(16)。由螺旋卷圈组成的带(14)安装在管道上用来旋转,卷圈的频率从管道的第一端到第二端逐渐增加。流水被导入第一端,通过卷带的转动,水流动量的轴向分量减小,转动被用来产生感应电流,或者通过轴(12)驱动发电机。本发明的可量测性和模块特性允许其灵活应用。

Description

带驱动发电设备及方法
发明领域
本发明总体上涉及一种通过带驱动装置产生水电能的设备。特别是，本发明为一种在圆柱上成形螺旋带状物的带驱动，通过它，输入的水流可以使安装有带驱动件的轴转动，从而将运动传递给许多可能的发电装置。
发明背景
美国和其它国家都面临持续、快速增长的电力需求。以煤为动力的发电设备，尽管成本效率高，然而从空气、水和煤矿等方面来看，却带来许多不利的环境问题。原子核发电设备尽管能提供足够的电量，但兴建、操作费用极其昂贵，而且对许多公众来说，还存在三里岛(three mile island)、切尔诺贝利(Chemobyl)式的核灾难的危险，这些灾难都能带来相关的环境危害和危及生命的情形。
尽管从对环境的冲击的角度来讲，太阳能发电设备是很有希望的，但考虑到这种技术的目前状况，无论现在还是将来，它都不可能产生出足够的电量以满足巨大的电力需求。
通过使用一种可更新的资源，水力发电可以提供一种更有前景的发电方式。然而目前的水力发电技术包括：花费大量资金修建大坝；淹没大面积的土地以存放大量的水，供这种发电方式使用，这样大面积的土地无法利用。除此之外，不足的水深、水量和水流速度，都是极大地限制现有水力发电使用范围的重要因素。考虑到这些限制，如果这些制约可以超越，我国及世界许多地区都拥有水资源，可以用来大量发电。
超越这些制约的一种方法就是将水从低处用水泵送至海拔高处，以便将水集中在相对较小的蓄水池中，以利用落水的能量进行发电。目前的发电技术依靠大量的水提供能量，所以这些设备事实上不可能利用这种蓄水池的概念来扩大其能发电地点的列表。显然，发展新的水力发电技术是非常急需的，而且新的技术将支持发电设备的应用，而以前认为这种努力是不可行的。很久以来，水力发电系统都是各种发明的主题，例如Gorlovd的序号为5,451,137的美国专利，是关于反应涡轮机的。该涡轮机包括一个工作轮，其上有许多翼形叶片，安装在水流方向的横向位置上，以便在平行于管道中水流的平面上旋转。叶片按螺旋状布置，确保叶片的一部分总是位置与水流压力垂直，这样就保证能够以一个连续的速度转动，不增速，也不减速。然而，在管道长度方向上，叶片重复的频率保持恒定。
Hecker等申请的序号为5,997,242的美国专利提供一种水力涡轮机。该发明披露一种可旋转涡轮机转子，转子含有圆周入水口，以接收水流；另有一个轴向出水口，以排出水流。该涡轮机还包括一个锥形毂盘，可以绕中心轴旋转，毂盘直径从入水口到出水口逐渐减小。锥形毂盘包括含有与入水口毗邻的圆周和一个沿中心轴方向向内延伸的表面。涡轮机转子也包括至少两个螺旋形涡轮机叶片，叶片与锥形毂盘连接，每个涡轮机叶片含有一个与入水口毗邻的倾斜边缘，一个与出水口毗邻的后缘，叶片固定在这两个边缘之间的长度上。然而，再一次，叶片的重复频率在管道的长度方向上保持恒定。
Gorlov申请的序号为6,036,443的美国专利提供一种螺旋涡轮机装置，可在多方向的气流和水流中工作，用来提供动力和推进力。该涡轮机包括一排螺旋涡轮单元或模块，垂直或水平安装，以利用风力或水力。每个涡轮单元或模块由许多具有翼片轮廓的螺旋叶片组成。在一种结构中，使用一个圆柱状的分布器为水流导向，使其进入涡轮机叶片。再一次，叶片的重复频率在管道的长度方向上保持恒定。
尽管这些不同的系统都代表着关于水力发电机的创造性发明，他们却没能超越目前在水力发电的努力中所发现的制约与障碍，即：花费大量的资金用于修建大坝；淹没大面积的土地以存放大量的水，供这种发电方式使用，这样大面积的土地无法利用；使用目前的技术的水力发电机将受只能在有足够的水深、水量和水流速度的地区使用的限制。
所以，一个能够超越上述限制的系统是非常有用的，即：允许以较低的成本兴建发电设施进行发电；淹没较少的土地；能够在由于没有足够的水深、水量和水流速度而被认为不适宜水力发电的地区使用。
本发明恰好是一种这样的系统，并且与上述诸发明差别很大。本发明总体上包括一种包围在密封管道中的带驱动发电设备，因此在带驱动发电设备的翼片上可以产生一种极度凝聚的水流。
发明简述
正如以下更详细的说明，该带驱动发电设备包括一个带状弯曲形部件，由金属和其它适宜材料组成，附着在中心轴上。整个设备包含在一根管道中，管道在长度方向上具有恒定的直径。
本发明的一个目标是制造一种水力发电系统，该系统的规划与目前系统的需求相比，可以大幅度降低设备建设所需资金。
本发明另一个目标是制造一种水力发电系统，工作时需要更少的水量。这就可以减少土地的浪费，因为目前技术要求淹没大片土地以蓄积大量的水。
本发明又一个目标是制造一种水力发电系统，该系统可在目前水力发电技术无法使用的地方使用，这些地方没有足够的水深、水量和水流速度。
本发明再一个目标是提供一种系统和方法，使水电能够缓解对电力的迫切需要。
本发明的带驱动发电设备包括带状弯曲形部件，由金属和其它适宜材料组成，附着在中心轴上。整个设备包含在一根管道中，管道在长度方向上具有恒定的直径。
本发明的一个关键因素是带驱动的弯曲频率是改变的，它从在设备的开始端具有低频(单位长度上有较少匝数)变化到在设备的后端具有高频(单位长度上有较多匝数)。该设备看起来与螺旋起子相似，但当沿中心轴长度方向看去，其卷圈具有递减的展开频率。例如，在外观上，在水吸入点，卷带翼片将呈现为在近似30度的角度上逐渐弯向吸入水的轴向流动方向；在水流出的地方，叶片逐渐变为密集的弯曲角度，所述角度几乎垂直于流过该设备的水流方向，从而降低流经该设备的水的轴向速度(这个角度不意味着对本设备的限制，因为可能证明其它角度更有效)。
这种对水的轴向速度的降低，是将能量从水流传向设备的结果，从而使得设备的中心转动起来。设备的中心轴在密封管道中工作，防止在侧向发生能量损失，正如在典型的开放水力涡轮机设计中的情形一样。设备的中心轴能够连接在许多发电机的某一种装置上，并驱动它。动力可以通过齿轮、滑轮或其它类连接技术从系统的中心轴上传递到发电机的装置上，或者使用诸如，但不局限于电磁感应之类的方法，通过电力感应从周围叶片边缘传递到发电机的装置上。
在水流速度足够高的地区，本设备能够以中心轴在水平方向的方式使用，并且允许以自然水流产生的力驱动。在水流速度不是足够高，但水源具有足够高的垂直距离的地区，本设备可以按中心轴在垂直方向的方式使用，并且允许以水流的重力驱动本设备。另外，本设备可以按多种配置使用，或者并联使用，或者串联使用，取决于驱动设备的水源。例如，本设备能够一对、三个、四个等等一起使用，其数量和配置方式取决于水源的配置，而不象目前的水力发电机需要水坝。
附图简述
图1显示了本发明发电系统的基本设计；
图2显示了本发明的一种可调节的带结构。
发明详述
参照图1，显示本设备的设计方案。中心轴12上附有带14。看上去，这附图更象是附着在中心轴上的起子的螺纹。该中心图案在密封管16中旋转，当整个螺旋起子形的图案在密封管16中旋转时，水流按箭头方向流经发电系统。
水最初在A点处进入密封管16，遇到低频卷圈，该卷圈呈现为在近似30度的角度上逐渐弯向吸入水的轴向流动方向。卷带逐渐变化，在水流的出口处变成紧密的弯曲角度(高频卷圈)，所述角度在B点处几乎垂直于流过该设备的水流方向，从而降低流经该设备的水的轴向速度(这个角度不意味着对本设备的限制，因为可能证明其它角度更有效)。
这种对水的轴向速度的降低，是将能量从水流传向设备的结果，从而使得设备的中心轴12和带14转动起来。带状设备的转动从低频卷圈开始，使设备慢慢转动，逐渐发展到较高频卷圈，使得转速增加，最终接触到高频终端的密集弯曲卷圈，此时产生最大的能量传递。
设备的中心轴12在密封管16中工作，防止能量侧向损失，正如在典型的开放水力涡轮机设计中的情形一样。设备的中心轴12能够连接在许多发电机的某一种装置上，并驱动它。在这种方式下，可以通过使用齿轮、滑轮或其它类连接技术，将动力从发电设备的中心轴12上传递到发电机的装置上。或者，系统可以配置成不使用轴，而是直接感应发电，尽管这仍然被认为是一种为实现本发明的目标而采取的发电机装置。
弯曲带可以由金属、塑料、化合物或其它结实材料制成。卷带的频率可以是固定的(静态的)或变化的(动态的或可调节的)。频率的变化可以通过以下方法实现：将带分成连续长度的铰接、叠接或联锁的叶片，由于使用链接或滑动键(或本领域技术人员所知的任何其它连接方式)连接在沿带段长度的方向上，或者通过直线延长或压缩，因而这些叶片可以移动的。卷带的最里边的中心边缘连接在中心轴上，它可以包括纵向滑动的管状部分，或包括一个沟槽，在沟槽内卷带的最内边缘连接可以调节成滑动或其它方式。卷带的材料具有有限的挠性和可展性，允许在水源变化时进行调整。
参照图2，显示了本发明卷带变化的或可调的实施方案。图中显示为一种形为一系列叶片20、22和24的可调卷带，它们将在密封管(图中未示出)中展开。使用这种卷带时，中心轴上须含有一种轴向可调的连接装置。这些叶片形成卷带，并构成卷状的图案，卷圈的频率沿轴长上水流方向增加。叶片可以是铰接的、联锁的或通过任何适宜的方式叠接的，如26所示，以形成一种单一形式的卷带。如本图中所示的卷带的展开情况，开始为第一长度A，还可以调节到第二长度B，如图中虚线所示，从而形成有效的低频卷圈。这种特征允许根据水源的流动情况很好地调节卷带。
本设备能够按各种尺寸使用，这取决于使用区域的特殊空间和结构的条件。本设备也可以按各种组合配置使用，一对、三个、四个等等，和并联使用，和串联使用，取决于特殊安装的特殊需求。这种灵活性允许水力发电机在以前由于没有足够的水深、水量和水流速度而注定不适宜这种发电方式的区域使用。
本发明的可伸缩性和模块化性质使得本发明既可以达到目标，又能够大幅降低与使用目前的技术相比需要用来兴建设施的规划资金。
本发明的可伸缩性和模块化性质使得本发明可以达到在如下地区发挥功用的目标，这些地区没有足够的水深、水量和水流速度，以前注定无法支撑水力发电。
在卷带上逐步增加卷圈频率可以在沿卷带长度的方向上有效地将直线能量转化为转动能量。
当使用小蓄水池时，可以在低用电量时段用泵将水送入蓄水池。在高用电量时段，可以将水放出，带动带驱动发电机协助满足供电量，从而缓解现有供电系统的危机。

Claims (16)

1.一种带驱动发电系统，包括：
在第一端含有入水口、在第二端含有出水口的管道；
至少一个由卷圈组成的可旋转的卷带，在管道的第一端到第二端之间按螺旋方式延伸，其中从管道的第一端到第二端每单位长度上卷圈的频率逐渐增加；
管道中有一根中心轴向杆，所述卷带固定在所述杆的内边缘上，沿其径向向外伸展，形成毗邻管道内壁的外边缘；
与所述杆和卷带相连的将转动转化为电能的发电机装置。
2.权利要求1中所述的带驱动发电系统，包括多个轴向连接段，每一段含有杆装置和卷带。
3.权利要求1中所述的带驱动发电系统，包括多个平行单元，每一单元有独立的卷带。
4.权利要求1中所述的带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，所述卷带在入水口的方向上弯曲成具有凹曲率。
5.权利要求1中所述的带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，卷带由刚性材料制成，材料从如下组类中选取，包括金属、化合物、塑料聚合物以及陶瓷。
6.权利要求1中所述的带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，管道或其一部分直径有变化。
7.权利要求1中所述的带驱动发电系统，其特征在于，多段卷带固定在所述杆上。
8.权利要求1中所述的带驱动发电系统，进一步包括调整卷带长度和卷圈频率的装置。
9.一种带驱动发电方法，包括：
提供一根在第一端含有入水口在第二端含有出水口的管道；
转动至少一根带有卷带的杆，该卷带由在管道第一端到第二端之间按螺旋方式延伸的卷圈组成，其中管道每单位长度上卷圈的频率从管道的第一端到第二端逐渐增加；
直接将水送入管道第一端；
降低卷带上水流动量的轴向分量，使卷带和杆转动；
由所述转动产生电力。
10.权利要求9中所述的带驱动发电方法，包括提供多个轴向相连的分段，每一分段含有独立的杆和卷带。
11.权利要求9中所述的带驱动发电方法，包括提供多个平行单元，每一单元含有独立的管道、杆和卷带。
12.权利要求9中所述的带驱动发电方法，其特征在于，杆为居于中心的轴向杆，所述卷带固定在所述杆的内边缘上，从径向伸出，形成一个毗邻管道内壁的外边缘。
13.权利要求9中所述的带驱动发电方法，进一步包括至少在推进管道的一部分上提供变化的直径。
14.权利要求9中所述的带驱动发电方法，进一步包括在所述杆上提供多个卷带。
15.权利要求9中所述的带驱动发电方法，进一步包括调整卷带的长度和频率。
16.权利要求9中所述的带驱动发电方法，进一步包括在低用电量时段将水送入升高的蓄水池；以及在高用电量时段，将水从蓄水池放出以产生水电。
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US6431926B1 (en) 2002-08-13
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AU6390600A (en) 2001-02-19
ATE270394T1 (de) 2004-07-15
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