CN1328582A - 胶乳聚合物的组合物 - Google Patents
胶乳聚合物的组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1328582A CN1328582A CN99813848A CN99813848A CN1328582A CN 1328582 A CN1328582 A CN 1328582A CN 99813848 A CN99813848 A CN 99813848A CN 99813848 A CN99813848 A CN 99813848A CN 1328582 A CN1328582 A CN 1328582A
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- Prior art keywords
- polymkeric substance
- ester
- weight
- latex
- new
- Prior art date
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- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- -1 vinyl neodecanoic acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M nonanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O FBUKVWPVBMHYJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 15
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 5
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000005504 styryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000004160 Ammonium persulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bisulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].OS([O-])(=O)=O BIGPRXCJEDHCLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019395 ammonium persulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229940063557 methacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYGBQXDNOUHIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium formaldehyde sulphoxylate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O=C.[O-]S[O-] VYGBQXDNOUHIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- FBWNMEQMRUMQSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tergitol NP-9 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 FBWNMEQMRUMQSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylpentyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)C(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C JHPBZFOKBAGZBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allylamine Chemical compound NCC=C VVJKKWFAADXIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000276489 Merlangius merlangus Species 0.000 description 2
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000005018 Pinus echinata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001236219 Pinus echinata Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011334 Pinus elliottii Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017339 Pinus palustris Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008566 Pinus taeda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013530 defoamer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N diacetyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)=O ZQMIGQNCOMNODD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L persulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])OOS(=O)(=O)[O-] JRKICGRDRMAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007348 radical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)CC1C2(C)C PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1CC(C(C)C)CC=C1C DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methylideneamino]butyliminomethyl]phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C=NCCCCN=CC1=CC=CC=C1O CCJAYIGMMRQRAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWPKTBMRVATCBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[1-[1-[(2-methylphenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]piperidin-4-yl]-1h-benzimidazol-2-one Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1CN1CCC(N2CCC(CC2)N2C(NC3=CC=CC=C32)=O)CC1 CWPKTBMRVATCBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000370738 Chlorion Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F218/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
- C08F218/02—Esters of monocarboxylic acids
- C08F218/04—Vinyl esters
- C08F218/10—Vinyl esters of monocarboxylic acids containing three or more carbon atoms
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种含多支链新乙烯基酯类和烯键式不饱和活化表面活性剂的新型胶乳聚合物。含该胶乳聚合物的含水组合物特别适用于要求具有优良防水和防碱性能的涂料、粘合剂、填缝料和密封剂中。
Description
本发明领域
本发明涉及新型的胶乳聚合物和含该胶乳聚合物并在涂料及其他应用中提供极高防水性能的含水组合物。含新型聚合物的含水胶乳组合物由包括多支链新乙烯基酯的烯键式不饱和单体和烯键式不饱和活化表面活性剂经乳液聚合制成。含这些聚合物的含水胶乳组合物特别适用于要求防水性能优良的涂料、粘合剂、填缝料和密封剂中。这些聚合物也适用作添加剂、改性剂、油墨、作为染料和颜料的粘合剂,以及织物处理。
本发明背景
防水性是用作表面涂料、粘合剂、填缝料和密封剂的防护性组合物的一种重要性质。我们知道水会渗透到多孔材料中并引起损坏。这类破坏的例子包括木材的翘曲和膨胀,由于冷冻/解冻循环、溶解的盐类引起的混凝土和砖石砌体的裂缝和破碎,和防冻剂盐类中氯离子引起对混凝土中增强钢筋的腐蚀。为消除或减少这类破坏建议使用含各种聚合物的防护性组合物。许多这类组合物要求存在有机溶剂。由于公认的环境毒性和可燃性问题,我们正努力用基于水的体系来替代基于有机溶剂的体系。
我们在开发用于防护性涂料组合物的具有足够防水性的基于水的聚合物体系方面付出了相当大的努力。这种基于水的聚合物的组合物由众所周知的乳液聚合技术制成,乳液聚合技术通常要求存在一种或多种表面活性剂,该表面活性剂常与水溶性防护胶体结合以便乳化单体反应物和稳定最终聚合物胶乳产品。常规表面活性剂不与单体反应,其在涂料和其他防护性组合物中的残留量会对各种性能如防水性有负面影响。
这些表面活性剂能通过聚合物渗移并在聚合物母体中形成聚集体。表面活性剂也可以渗移到干燥的聚合物表面及聚合物和基材的界面。表面活性剂和水溶性的防护性胶体是水敏性物质,当与水接触后,会引起干燥胶乳聚合物的泛白、增白和溶胀。水引起的干燥胶乳聚合物的泛白、增白和溶胀会破坏聚合物胶乳的完整性并最终导致防护性组合物失效。我们想要获得一种经乳液聚合制成的聚合物胶乳,该胶乳不会因聚合和后处理过程中乳化单体和稳定聚合物胶乳所需的常规表面活性剂或防护性胶体的存在而具有水敏性。
通过用一类称为活化表面活性剂的化合物替代制备聚合物胶乳中所用的部分或全部常规表面活性剂,实现了包含各种含水聚合物胶乳的防护性组合物的防水性能的改进。活化表面活性剂和胶乳聚合物以共价键结合,因此不存在渗移和其他与常规表面活性剂相关的问题。活化表面活性剂的表面活性类似于常规表面活性剂,都是由分子中亲水和疏水部分所产生的。实际上亲水部分可以是离子或非离子状态。活化表面活性剂也含有在聚合当中用于和其他单体发生自由基反应的烯键式不饱和双键。美国专利第4,224,455号公开了含顺丁烯二酸酐和烷氧基化的烷基芳基醇生成的环状磺化半酯的活化表面活性剂的制备以及其在稳定乳化聚合生成的聚合物方面的应用。美国专利第4,075,411、5,563,214、5,296,627、5,332,854、4,939,283、5,324,862、4,814,514号均为叙述活化表面活性剂的其他代表性类型和其作为乳化剂在乳液聚合中应用的实例。
在Eurocoat 95中一篇由M.Slinckx和S.Spanhove撰写,International Congress Eurocoat,Lyon,第19-21页,标题为“一类新的用于水基木材涂料的胶乳粘合剂”的文章中公开了一种加入丙烯酸聚合物后,具有改良防水性能的多支链新乙烯基酯如乙烯基新癸酸酯和乙烯基新壬酸酯。文章公开了这类新乙烯基酯与甲基丙烯酸酯和2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯的聚合。这些单体在常规表面活性剂存在下发生乳液聚合。尽管这种组合物表现出改良的防水性能,但仍不能和溶剂基体系相比,而且新乙烯基酯被公认为难以和某些单体聚合。因此,防护性组合物行业仍在寻找一种具有由溶剂基体系提供的、突出的防水性能和室外耐久性的含水聚合物体系。
本发明概要
本发明涉及具有优良防水性能的新型胶乳聚合物,该聚合物含有:
(a)至少一种新乙烯基酯,
(b)至少一种活化表面活性剂,
(c)任选的、至少一种不同于(a)或(b)的烯键式不饱和单体,和
(d)任选的、至少一种不同于(a)、(b)或(c)的烯键式不饱和单体。
这种新型胶乳聚合物由烯键式不饱和单体经乳液聚合制成。含该新型胶乳聚合物的含水组合物用于为建筑涂料和有防水要求的其他应用提供优良的防水性能。
本发明详述
本发明涉及新型胶乳聚合物和含新型胶乳聚合物的、经乳液聚合制成并显示突出的防水和防碱性能的含水组合物。本发明的新型胶乳聚合物包含:(a)约5-99.9%(重量)的多支链新乙烯基酯;(b)0-约94.9%(重量)的一种或多种丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯;(c)0-约50%(重量)的其他烯键式不饱和单体;和(d)约0.1-10.0%(重量)的一种或多种烯键式不饱和活化表面活性剂。
本发明中使用的多支链新乙烯基酯一般含8-18个碳原子,通过本领域共知的方法由适当的多支链羧酸制成。市场上可买到的新乙烯基酯产品通常是有一种物质占优势的混合物。本发明中使用的适当新乙烯基酯组合物包括,但不限于,由壳牌化学公司销售的乙烯基新壬酸酯(VeoVa 9)、乙烯基新癸酸酯(VeoVa 10),混合支链羧酸的乙烯基酯(VeoVa 11),和由Exxon化学公司销售的混合C10-C13支链羧酸的乙烯基酯(EXXAR Neo-12)等。
本发明的含水聚合物的组合物含有的多支链新乙烯基酯可以少至约5%(重量),多至约99.9%(重量)。当新乙烯基酯和其他共聚单体如丙烯酸酯聚合时,按所有单体重量计算,其含量优选为约10-80%(重量),最优选约15-70%(重量)。我们已经制备出了含约98.7%(重量)新乙烯基酯和1.3%(重量)一种或多种活化表面活性剂的有用聚合物。
用于本发明的新型胶乳聚合物中的活化表面活性剂可以是含聚合过程中用于与新乙烯基酯和其他单体发生自由基反应的烯键式不饱和双键,同时也含有提供表面活性的类似常规表面活性剂的亲水和疏水部分的任何化合物。本发明的新型胶乳聚合物中用作活化表面活性剂的化合物的例子包括美国专利第4,224,455号中公开的由顺丁烯二酸酐的磺化半酯与烷氧基化的烷基芳基醇反应生成的化合物;美国专利第4,075,411号公开的壬基苯氧基(乙烯氧基)10-40乙基丙烯酸酯、壬基苯氧基(乙烯氧基)10-40乙基甲基丙烯酸酯和壬基苯氧基(乙烯氧基)10-40丁烯酸酯;美国专利第5,563,214号公开的基于N-丙烯酰基-哌嗪的化合物;美国专利第5,296,627号公开的具有末端烯键式不饱和度的疏水部分和含聚(烯化氧)链段和离子链段的亲水部分的化合物;美国专利第5,332,854和5,324,862号公开的含壬基苯氧基丙烯基部分的化合物;美国专利第4,939,283和4,814,514号公开的具有烯丙基不饱和度的化合物;上述所有专利中公开的内容通过引用结合到本发明中作为参考,和由Henkel公司销售的十二烷基烯丙基磺基丁二酸钠(Trem LF-40)。
本发明胶乳聚合物中加入的烯键式不饱和活化表面活性剂的用量范围通常为聚合物总重量的约0.1-10%(重量),优选在约0.5-8%(重量)。
含壬基苯氧基丙烯基或其他结构类似于苯乙烯基基团的活化表面活性剂在与多支链新乙烯基酯共聚时,表现类似于苯乙烯,也就是说,在这些化合物存在下,新乙烯基酯单体的聚合极为缓慢。我们注意到某些其他单体如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯的存在似乎在支链新乙烯基酯和含结构上类似于使生成稳定胶乳的苯乙烯基的活化表面活性剂之间起桥梁作用。其他具有非类似于苯乙烯基的烯键式不饱和部分的活化表面活性剂通常反应良好或在多支链新乙烯基酯聚合进程中表现出较少的延迟现象。多支链新乙烯基酯与其他烯键式不饱和单体的共聚物、所有乙烯基酯聚合物和共聚物都可以用这些活化表面活性剂制成。本发明新型胶乳聚合物中也可存在常规非活化表面活性剂,但优选在本发明实践中使用尽可能少的这种表面活性剂以便达到最佳结果。
能与多支链新乙烯基酯和活化表面活性剂共聚的共聚物包括那些容易被本领域的技术人员认识到的如在胶乳聚合物中使用的烯键式不饱和加成单体。特别有用的单体包括丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烯键式不饱和烷基酯,例如,但不限于,下列的一种或多种:丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸甲酯、2-乙基己基丙烯酸酯、2-乙基己基甲基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸壬酯、丙烯酸油酯、丙烯酸十二烷酯、硬脂基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸壬酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、异冰片基甲基丙烯酸酯、异冰片基丙烯酸酯、丙烯酸戊酯和它们的混合物。通常,本发明的新型胶乳聚合物中丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烯键式不饱和烷基酯的量为聚合物总重量的约0-95%(重量)。当这些单体含量为聚合物总重量的约20-90%(重量),尤其在约30-80%(重量)时得到了相当好的结果。
发明人发现由于单体竞聚率的差异,支链新乙烯基酯与丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯共聚时反应减缓。在聚合过程中单体加入完成后,丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯几乎立刻完全反应,而一般有可实际测到量的多支链新乙烯基酯仍未反应。发明人发现通过加入另外的引发剂和继续聚合反应,可使残留的可实际测到量的未反应多支链新乙烯基酯趋于完全反应。通过上述过程,可以得到具有沉积在胶乳颗粒外层或壳层上的多支链新乙烯基酯的结构胶乳颗粒或芯/壳胶乳颗粒。因此本发明的另一个特征是用化学手段生成具有极低含氧量和低水渗透性的外壳层的结构胶乳颗粒。
其他能用于本发明胶乳聚合物制备的烯键式不饱和单体包括,但不限于:乙烯基酯,例如,醋酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、甲酸乙烯酯、正丁酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、硬脂酸乙烯酯、新戊酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯等;乙烯基醚,例如,甲基乙烯基醚、乙基乙烯基醚、丁基乙烯基醚等;烯丙基单体,例如,醋酸烯丙酯、丙酸烯丙酯、乳酸烯丙酯、烯丙胺等;烯烃,例如,乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯等。其他乙烯基单体、功能性单体和交联单体,例如,丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯腈、苯乙烯、对-甲基苯乙烯、乙烯基和亚乙烯基卤化物如氯乙烯和1,1-二氯乙烯、乙烯基磺酸钠、苯乙烯基磺酸钠、烯丙醚硫酸钠、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基-丙烷磺酸钠(AMPS)、双丙酮丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、2-磺乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、2-磺丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、羟乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、羟丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、2,2,4-三甲基-1,3-戊二醇单甲基丙烯酸酯、2-氰乙基丙烯酸酯、二乙氨基乙基丙烯酸酯、二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、缩水甘油基丙烯酸酯、缩水甘油基甲基丙烯酸酯、乙酰基乙酰氧基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、烯丙基乙酰基乙酰胺、烯丙基甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、三氟代乙基甲基丙烯酸酯、三烯丙基氰脲酸酯、三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、甲代烯丙基磺酸钠、乙基咪唑烷酮甲基丙烯酸酯、甲氧基乙基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酰胺基乙基亚乙基脲、氨基乙基亚乙基脲的烯丙基衍生物(Sipomer WAM)、脲脲基单体的环酰亚胺衍生物(CylinkWAM;WO97/49676)、β-羧乙基丙烯酸酯、双环戊烯基丙烯酸酯、双环戊烯基甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基硅烷)、γ-异丁烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、亚乙基甲基丙烯酸磷酸酯、顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、亚甲基丁二酸、二甲基顺丁烯二酸酯、二-正丁基顺丁烯二酸酯、二乙基顺丁烯二酸酯、二乙基己基顺丁烯二酸酯、二乙基反丁烯二酸酯、丁二烯、氯丁二烯、异戊二烯、含烯键式不饱和双键的聚丁烯和聚(异丁烯-共-丁烯)低聚物(Amoco化学公司Indopol系列)、1,4-丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、二烯丙基顺丁烯二酸酯、二乙烯基己二酸酯、丁烯酸、其混合物等。这些另外的烯键式不饱和单体的一般含量为聚合物的总重量的约0-50%(重量),优选的含量高达约30%(重量)。
其他已知的乳液聚合方法包括半批处理、分段进料、机械进料、全供料、连续进料、接种乳液聚合或任何其他适当的生产过程也可用于制备本发明的新型胶乳聚合物。可以采用任何适当的聚合条件。典型的反应温度范围约为0-100℃,优选为40-90℃。聚合反应通常使用聚合引发剂诱导。适当的聚合引发剂包括,但不限于:能产生自由基的水溶性过硫酸盐和过氧化物,如过硫酸铵、过硫酸钠、过硫酸钾、过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化物、二叔丁基过氧化物、过乙酸、过苯甲酸、过氧二乙酰、叔丁基过醋酸酯、叔丁基过苯甲酸酯等;偶氮引发剂,如2,2-偶氮双异丁腈等;和能产生自由基的其他放射和过渡金属化合物。通常这种自由基引发剂的使用量约为所有单体总重量的0.05-6%(重量)。也可以选择使用氧化还原引发剂,尤其是当聚合反应在较低温度下进行时。例如,除上面提到的过硫酸盐和过氧化物引发剂外,还可以使用还原剂。典型的还原剂包括,但不限于:碱金属的亚硫酸氢盐、次硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、重亚硫酸盐(bisulfite)、还原性糖如葡萄糖、山梨糖、抗坏血酸、异抗坏血酸等。通常,还原剂的使用水平约0.01-6%(重量)。
在聚合反应之前、之中或之后可以加入各种添加剂。这些添加剂包括常规表面活性剂、缓冲剂、中和剂、消泡剂、链转移剂、增塑剂和聚合物稳定剂。适当的常规表面活性剂包括,但不限于,一种或多种:烷基和/或芳基的硫酸盐、磺酸盐、磷酸盐或羧酸盐如月桂基硫酸钠、烷基芳基多醚的硫酸钠盐、线性醇乙氧基化物的磷酸盐、烷基酚乙氧基化物的磷酸盐等;烷氧基化的脂肪胺、脂肪酸酰胺和/或单烷基苯酚如乙氧基化的月桂基醇、乙氧基化的油醇、乙氧基化的硬脂醇、乙氧基化的对-异辛基苯酚、乙氧基化的对-正壬基苯酚、乙氧基化的对-正十二烷基苯酚等;基于碳氟化合物的表面活性剂,如全氟烷基磺酸铵、全氟烷基磺酸钾、全氟烷基磺酸胺、全氟烷基羧酸铵、氟化烷基羧酸钾、氟化烷基聚氧乙烯乙醇、氟化烷基醇盐、氟化烷基酯等。常规表面活性剂的用量范围约为0-5%(重量),优选为约0-2%(重量)。可以使用任何能稳定胶乳颗粒的聚合物稳定剂,包括但不限于:纤维素醚如羟乙基纤维素、烷基修饰羟乙基纤维素、芳基烷基修饰羟乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、淀粉、聚(乙烯基醇)、聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物、聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺、聚醚等。聚合物稳定剂的用量范围约0-5%(重量),优选为约0-2%(重量)。
本发明的胶乳聚合物通常作为一种含水组合物经乳液聚合得到。本发明中能满足特殊应用中物理性质要求的这种胶乳聚合物可以采用本领域技术人员熟知的技术来获得。含本发明胶乳聚合物的有效含水组合物中典型的固体含量约为组合物总重量的10-70%(重量)。本发明胶乳聚合物可以经加工得到任何所需分子量和粘度。本发明胶乳聚合物的典型粘度范围约为10-5000cps。含本发明胶乳聚合物的含水组合物的pH值通常约为2-12,胶乳聚合物的粒径通常约为0.02-2.0微米。
本发明的新型胶乳聚合物可以经加工用于多种用途。有代表性的例子包括:包括油漆、清漆、染剂、透明密封材料在内的木材建筑涂料;用于其他基物如石膏、混凝土、砖和金属的建筑涂料;家电涂料、汽车罩面漆、卷材涂料、罐头涂层、船舶涂料、飞行器罩面漆、纸张涂层和包括压敏粘合剂的各种粘合剂。这种新型乳胶聚合物的其他可能的应用包括:填缝料和密封剂、添加剂和改良剂、用于染料和颜料的粘合剂、水泥改良剂、防水剂、罩印清漆、苯胺油墨和用于鞋子、地板及家具的抛光剂。
实施例
以下实施例用来说明本发明的新型含水聚合物的组合物,并非想限定其范围。除特别指出外,所涉及的份数、百分比和比例均以重量计。
实施例1
本实施例说明了在常规表面活性剂存在下,丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的含水胶乳聚合物的制备过程。反应釜配备有搅拌器、热电偶、回流冷凝器、氮气入口、水夹套和适当的加料口。将60.1份去离子水、含0.37份月桂基硫酸钠(Rhodia公司提供的Rhodapon UB)和乙氧基化壬基酚(Union Carbide公司提供的Tergitol NP-15)的常规表面活性剂、46.52份丙烯酸正丁酯、52.13份甲基丙烯酸甲酯和1.34份甲基丙烯酸混合制成单体预制乳状液。反应釜中加入72.1份去离子水、1.12份Rhodapon UB和2.26份Tergitol NP-15、2.75%上述配制好的单体预制乳状液和溶解在1.22份去离子水中的0.05份过硫酸铵。在持续搅拌和氮气吹扫下将反应釜加热至80℃。20分钟后,将剩余的单体预制乳状液和溶解在6.09份去离子水中的0.55份过硫酸铵在3小时内以独立的进料流的形式加入反应釜。加入所有添加物后维持80℃温度30分钟以上。在1小时内将溶解在2.44份去离子水中的0.29份叔丁基过氧化氢和溶解在2.52份去离子水中的0.12份甲醛合次硫酸氢钠加入反应釜。然后将胶乳冷却到室温。所得到胶乳的性质见表1。
实施例2
本实施例叙述了在与实施例1所用的不同类型的常规表面活性剂存在下,丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的含水胶乳聚合物的组合物的制备过程。除用于制备单体预制乳状液的常规表面活性剂采用0.24份壬基苯氧基聚(乙烯氧基)乙醇的硫酸铵盐(Rhodia公司提供的ABEXEP-110)和0.57份壬基苯氧基聚(乙烯氧基)乙醇(Rhodia公司提供的Igepal CO-630)外,均使用实施例1中所述的设备、方法和配料。将1.12份ABEX EP-110和2.26份Igepal CO-630首先加入反应釜。所得到胶乳的性质见表1。
实施例3
本实施例叙述了在烯键式不饱和活化表面活性剂存在下,丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯的含水胶乳聚合物的组合物的制备过程。除用下述烯键式不饱和活化表面活性剂替代常规表面活性剂制备单体预制乳状液外,均使用实施例1中所述的设备、方法和配料。0.07份壬基苯氧基丙烯基聚乙氧基化物的硫酸盐(DKS国际公司提供的Hitenol BC-10)和0.57份壬基苯氧基丙烯基聚乙氧基化乙醇(DKS国际公司提供的Noigen RN-10)。将0.34份Hitenol BC-10和2.26份Noigen RN-10首先加入反应釜。所得到胶乳的性质见表1。
实施例4
本实施例说明了在常规表面活性剂存在下,多支链新乙烯基酯与丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯的含水胶乳聚合物的制备过程。设备和方法如实施例1所述。将58.38份去离子水、0.58份壬基苯氧基聚(乙烯氧基)乙醇的硫酸铵盐(Rhodia公司提供的ABEX EP-110)和1.13份壬基苯氧基聚(乙烯氧基)乙醇(Rhodia公司提供的Igepal CO-630)(为常规表面活性剂)、37.52份乙烯基新癸酸酯(壳牌化学公司提供的VeoVa 10)、25.82份丙烯酸正丁酯、35.32份甲基丙烯酸甲酯和1.34份甲基丙烯酸混合制成单体预制乳状液。反应釜中加入72.1份去离子水、0.88份ABEX EP-110和1.70份Igepal CO-630、2.75%上述配制好的单体预制乳状液和溶解在1.22份去离子水中的0.05份过硫酸铵。在持续搅拌和氮气吹扫下将反应釜加热到80℃。20分钟后,将剩余的单体预制乳状液和溶解在6.09份去离子水中的0.55份过硫酸铵在3小时内以单独进料流的形式加入反应釜。添加结束后,我们发现游离VeoVa 10约5.5%。游离的甲基丙烯酸甲酯约0.13%,丙烯酸正丁酯未检测到。维持反应釜温度于80℃30分钟以上,然后在1小时内将溶解在2.44份去离子水中的0.29份叔丁基过氧化氢和溶解在2.52份去离子水中的0.12份甲醛合次硫酸氢钠加入反应釜。附加引发剂添加完毕后,残留的甲基丙烯酸甲酯为0.02%,而VeoVa 10和丙烯酸正丁酯未检测到。因此,附加引发剂能使VeoVa 10反应趋于完成。能够得到具有沉积在胶乳颗粒外层或壳层上的具有多支链新乙烯基酯的结构胶乳颗粒或芯/壳胶乳颗粒。所得到胶乳的性质见表1。
实施例5
本实施例说明了本发明的新型胶乳聚合物。本实施例叙述了在含壬基苯氧基丙烯基的烯键式不饱和活化表面活性剂存在下,多支链新乙烯基酯与丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯聚合而成的含水胶乳聚合物的制备过程。除用下述烯键式不饱和活化表面活性剂替代常规表面活性剂制备单体预制乳状液外,均使用实施例4中所述的设备、方法和配料;0.15份壬基苯氧基丙烯基聚乙氧基化物的硫酸盐(DKS国际公司提供的Hitenol BC-10)和1.13份壬基苯氧基丙烯基聚乙氧基化乙醇(DKS国际公司提供的Noigen RN-10)。将0.26份HitenolBC-10和1.70份Noigen RN-10首先加入反应釜。单体预制乳状液和引发剂添加结束后,我们发现游离VeoVa 10约3.5%,而游离的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸正丁酯分别为0.03%和0.02%。维持反应釜温度于80℃在30分钟以上,然后在1小时内将溶解在2.44份去离子水中的0.29份叔丁基过氧化氢和溶解在2.52份去离子水中的0.12份甲醛合次硫酸氢钠加入反应釜。发现残留的VeoVa 10约0.07%,而甲基丙烯酸甲酯为0.02%,丙烯酸正丁酯未检测到。在本实施例中,可以形成具有沉积在胶乳颗粒外层或壳层上的多支链新乙烯基酯的结构胶乳颗粒或芯/壳颗粒。令人惊讶的是,在含壬基苯氧基丙烯基的活化表面活性剂存在下VeoVa 10聚合未被延迟,这正是本领域技术人员所期望的。所得到胶乳的性质见表1。
表1胶乳组合物及性质
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5丙烯酸正丁酯 46.52 46.52 46.52 25.82 25.82甲基丙烯酸甲酯 52.13 52.13 52.13 35.32 35.32VeoVa 10(a) 37.52 37.52甲基丙烯酸 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34Rhodapon UB(b) 1.49Tergitol NP-15(c) 2.83ABEX EP-110(d) 1.36 1.46Igepal CO-630(e) 2.83 2.83Hitenol BC-10(f) 0.41 0.41Noigen RN-10(g) 2.83 2.83胶乳固体含量,重量% 41.02 42.27 39.24 41.39 41.19pH 2.12 2.11 2.13 2.18 2.18粒度,微米 0.12 0.16 0.19 0.14 0.13布鲁克菲尔德粘度,cps 20 20 20 20 20(a)乙烯基新癸酸酯由壳牌化学公司提供。(b)月桂基硫酸钠(30%水溶液)常规表面活性剂由Rhodia公司提供。(c)乙氧基化的壬基酚常规表面活性剂由Union Carbide公司提供。(d)壬基苯氧基聚(乙烯氧基)乙醇的硫酸铵盐(30%水溶液)常规表面活
性剂由Rhodia公司提供。(e)壬基苯氧基聚(乙烯氧基)乙醇常规表面活性剂由Rhodia公司提供。(f)壬基苯氧基丙烯基聚乙氧基化物的硫酸盐活化表面活性剂由DKS国际公司提供。(g)壬基苯氧基丙烯基聚乙氧基化乙醇活化表面活性剂由DKS国际公司提供。
配制测试制剂来检验表1中所列各种胶乳的防水效力。每种测试制剂含100份待测胶乳、106.5份去离子水和4.5份二甘醇单丁基醚。每种测试制剂在测试前平衡24小时。
每种胶乳的防水效力用重量分析法进行测量。用1×2×0.25英寸的南方黄松(Southern Yellow Pine)板对比测试水的吸收作用。将四块板在每种胶乳制剂中浸泡3分钟处理,接着将木板在一个维持恒温和恒湿(72°F,50%湿度)的房间中干燥3天。用四块未经处理的木板作为对照。对所有已处理和未处理木板进行称重,在去离子水中浸泡30分钟,然后再称重。重量之差表示吸收水的重量。每种胶乳的防水效力(WRE)通过用未处理木板的吸水量减去已处理木板的吸水量,以未处理木板的吸水量来除,再乘以100来测定,如以下公式所示。经每种实施例胶乳处理的四块木板的平均防水效力如表2所示。结果表明实施例5的本发明新型含水聚合物的组合物的防水性能比先有技术组合物的防水性能有显著的改善。
表2:防水效力
实施例 防水效力
1 43.69
2 46.69
3 57.41
4 72.75
5 81.28
下列配方是采用实施例5中新型胶乳聚合物的典型建筑涂料配方实例。
用于木材或混凝土的透明密封剂
组分 加仑
水 43.59
乙二醇 3.95
氨水 0.11
蜡状添加剂 2.89
共溶剂 1.09
抗氧化剂 0.25
防霉剂 0.87
防腐剂 0.17
实施例5中胶乳 47.05
湿润剂 0.02
总计 100
固体物重量百分比 20.00
用于木材和混凝土的白色涂料/着色剂
组分 加仑
水 42.00
防腐剂 0.40
乙二醇 4.00
流变学改良剂 0.40
分散剂 1.50
消泡剂 0.20
表面活性剂 0.20
遮盖颜料 5.00
增量剂型颜料 10.00
实施例5中胶乳 34.00
共溶剂 1.50
防霉剂 0.76
总计 100
固体物重量百分比 47
Claims (13)
1.一种胶乳聚合物,其含有:
(a)至少一种多支链新乙烯基酯,和
(b)至少一种活化表面活性剂。
2.权利要求1的聚合物,进一步含有:
(c)至少一种不同于(a)或(b)的烯键式不饱和单体。
3.权利要求2的聚合物,其中(c)为至少一种丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯。
4.权利要求3的聚合物,进一步含有:
(d)至少一种不同于(a)、(b)或(c)的烯键式不饱和单体。
5.权利要求1的聚合物,其中所述活化表面活性剂(b)含有烯键式不饱和度以及亲水和疏水部分。
6.权利要求1的聚合物,其中(a)为含8-18个碳原子的一种新的乙烯基酯。
7.权利要求6的聚合物,其中所述新的乙烯基酯选自乙烯基新壬酸酯、乙烯基新癸酸酯、C8-C13支链羧酸乙烯基酯的混合物,或它们的混和物。
8.权利要求7的聚合物,其中所述新乙烯基酯为所述聚合物总重量的5%-约99.9%(重量)。
9.权利要求5的聚合物,其中所述活化表面活性剂为所述聚合物总重量的0.1%-10%(重量)。
10.一种胶乳聚合物,其含有:
(a)基于所述聚合物总重量的约15%-70%(重量)选自乙烯基新壬酸酯、乙烯基新癸酸酯、C8-C13支链羧酸乙烯基酯的混合物,或它们的混和物的多支链新乙烯基酯;
(b)约0.5%-8%(重量)至少一种具有烯键式不饱和度和含有亲水和疏水部分的活化表面活性剂;和
(c)约30%-80%(重量)至少一种丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的烷基酯。
11.一种建筑涂料组合物,其含有水和权利要求1的胶乳聚合物。
12.一种防水涂料,其含有权利要求1的胶乳聚合物。
13.一种通过加入有效量的权利要求1的胶乳聚合物以便增强涂料组合物防水性能的方法。
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US9914858B2 (en) | 2005-05-20 | 2018-03-13 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Water whitening-resistant pressure sensitive adhesives |
US8592040B2 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2013-11-26 | Basf Se | Polymer emulsion coating or binding formulations and methods of making and using same |
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