CN1321208C - 改进的用于医用器械和移植物的金属合金 - Google Patents

改进的用于医用器械和移植物的金属合金 Download PDF

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CN1321208C
CN1321208C CNB2004100038787A CN200410003878A CN1321208C CN 1321208 C CN1321208 C CN 1321208C CN B2004100038787 A CNB2004100038787 A CN B2004100038787A CN 200410003878 A CN200410003878 A CN 200410003878A CN 1321208 C CN1321208 C CN 1321208C
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H·J·韦希特尔
J·特罗茨舍尔
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Heraeus Materials Technology GmbH & Co.
WC Heraus GmbH and Co KG
Osram GmbH
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/02Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L27/00Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
    • A61L27/02Inorganic materials
    • A61L27/04Metals or alloys
    • A61L27/047Other specific metals or alloys not covered by A61L27/042 - A61L27/045 or A61L27/06
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/02Inorganic materials
    • A61L31/022Metals or alloys
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L31/00Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
    • A61L31/14Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
    • A61L31/18Materials at least partially X-ray or laser opaque
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    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C27/00Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent

Abstract

本发明涉及至少部分由合金构成的医用器械或移植物,所述合金是由铌、钽以及选自锆、钨或钼中至少一种元素构成的高强度、低膜数的金属合金。本发明的医用器械具有出色的生物相容性、不穿透射线性以及MRI兼容性。

Description

改进的用于医用器械和移植物的金属合金
技术领域
本发明涉及具有医用移植物或器械所需材料特性的改进的金属合金。
背景技术
医用移植物或器械必须满足许多要求。选择医用移植物或器械及其材料的影响因素主要是所有机械特性以及生物相容性。所用材料一定不能引起炎症反应或者过敏反应。常用材料通常包括镍,诸如医用级别316L不锈钢,其包含约16%的镍。对于有过敏反应的病人则不应当使用该类材料的移植物。材料选择过程中还要考虑到能够使移植医生在将移植物移植到机体所需靶点部位的过程中能够看到医用移植物或器械,同时还要满足移植后对移植部位进行检查,例如利用X-光荧光进行检查。
由于磁共振成像(MRI)越来越重要,因此还需要具有与MRI的兼容性。通常用于移植的金属合金(如不锈钢316)对MRI中使用的磁场具有局部干扰,该干扰使周围组织的成像不良。尽管诸如镍钛诺等合金能使MRI行为趋于更加有利,但其MRI兼容性还没有达到足够优秀。
本发明涉及医用器械或移植物,通常包括导管、导丝、支架、支架移植物以及心脏瓣膜修复器械等。
支架通常为薄壁管状、由支柱互相连接的复杂模式组成的器械,该支柱使得血管或诸如食管和尿道等其他机体腔管的一部分保持张开的状态。支架移植物是具有圆周状覆盖层或内层的支架,其可用于支撑造成管腔闭塞的动脉夹层或内膜瓣。典型地,支架和支架移植物是利用导管进行移植的。最初它们保持放射状压缩状态从而可操纵它们通过管腔。一旦到达所需位置后则呈展开状态。构成诸如支架或支架移植物的血管假体材料必须使该血管假体能够扩张,其特别需要实质性的变形。支架一旦扩张,必须保持其大小及形状,且必须能够承受当支架支持血管内腔壁时加到其上的结构负载,即压缩成放射状的力。根据支架材料的种类,假体的壁必须足够厚,不仅为了承受血管壁的回弹力,同时还要在荧光检查时可见。最后,假体材料必须是生物相容的以使在移植后的血管中不会引发生成诸如再狭窄或血栓等不利的血管反应。
对于所有类别的导管和导丝所需的特殊机械特性,其为在导入过程中具有理想的跟踪能力和扩展能力。而且,为通过X-射线和MRI对医疗过程进行检测,还需要有良好的不穿透射线性和MRI兼容性。最后,这些医用器械必须还有生物相容性。
在过去几年中已经在找寻新的医用移植物和器械的材料方面付出了许多努力,与常规使用的诸如不锈钢或者钛等材料相比,这些材料具有出色的特性。许多出版物集中于有抗腐蚀性的钛合金、高强度和具有生物相容性的合金。如在US6,312,455、US2001/0007953和WO99/58184中所述,许多钛合金是高弹性的或形状记忆的合金。在US6,258,182中描述了由钛、钼、铝、任选的铌、铬和钒构成的伪弹性β-钛合金。EP0 788802提供了一种可自我扩张的支架,其由钛合金组成,所述钛合金包括至少约68%重量比的钛和任选的铌、锆和钼。US6,238,491和WO00/68448描述了用于医用器械的铌-钛-锆-钼合金,其能提供均一的β-结构,具有抗腐蚀性,并可以被处理以具有高强度和低模数。该合金包含29~70%重量百分比的铌,10~46%重量百分比的锆,3-15%重量百分比的钼,余量为钛。在另一方法中,Davidson(EP0 601 804)使用了主要由钛组成的合金,该合金还含有10~20%或者25~50%重量百分比的铌,以及任选的多至20%重量百分比的锆。该合金具有少于90GPa的弹性模数。Davidson还公开了用于医疗移植物的类似的钛合金,其包括钛、10~20%或者35~50%重量百分比的铌,以及任选的每种重量百分比为20%的锆和钽(EP0 437 079)或者钛,每种重量百分比为10~20%或35~50%的铌和钽以及任选的20%重量百分比的锆(US5,690,670)。EP0 707 085还提供了用作医用器械的、具有低模数并具有生物相容性的钛合金,其包括20~40%重量百分比的铌,4.5~25%重量百分比的钽,2.5~13%重量百分比的锆,余量为钛。US4,857,269和EP0 359 446公开了具有更高强度、低模数并具有生物相容性的钛合金,其包括钛和最高可达25%重量比的铌、锆和钼。EP1 046 722描述了用作医用器械的具有抗腐蚀性的钛-锆型合金,其包括25~50%重量比的钛,5~30%重量比的铌,5~40%重量比的钽和25~60%重量比的锆。
US6,478,815和WO02/43787描述了进一步产生同样具有不穿透射线性并且不含钛的、并具有生物相容性以及高强度的合金的方法。两份文件都公开了由至少90%重量比的铌构成的支架。铌是一种相对软且易延展的金属,其通过补充痕量的其它元素,例如锆、钽或钛而加强合金。然而,由于铌易于被涂掉,因此铌表面不能用电解法抛光。WO02/05863公开了由两种钽合金,即钽-铌和钽-钨组成的支架。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于医用移植物和器械的材料,其具有有利的机械特性,优秀的生物相容性,理想的不穿透射线性,同时在MRI检测中具有较小的赝象图像(MRI相容性),从而能克服近期医用金属的缺点。
该合金满足其作为医用移植物或器械的所有机械和结构的必要条件。此外,所述器械还具有良好的不穿透射线性,在无需额外加入不穿透射线物质层或组成部分的情况下,该器械在X-射线下有良好的成像特性。而且,该器械的亮光不过度,因此不会使周围组织成像模糊,该问题却存在于由极高密度材料制成的器械中。另外,该器械对MRI是安全的并且兼容的,优选地,在MRI下还是可见的。
已经令人惊讶地发现包含钽、铌和至少一种选自钨、锆和钼元素所构成的金属合金可得到所需的特性。
钽是一种非常坚硬的金属,其具有高熔点、高强度、以及良好的延展性,并且在室温下几乎完全惰性。钽具有很高的原子数(73),密度为16.6g/cm3,这使得它具有很高的不穿透射线性。因此,完全由钽制得的医用移植物或者器械具有过度不穿透射线性的缺点,从而在X-射线成像时,医用移植物或器械所在的位置为完全黑色的区域。
本发明金属合金的不穿透射线性通过在钽合金中进一步加入具有较高或较低原子数的元素进行调节,从而使合金的密度降低。铌的原子质量大约为钽的一半。因此,通过改变铌的含量来调整本发明合金的密度,可使至少部分由本发明合金制备的每个医用器械或移植物都具有合适的不穿透射线性能。可以根据本发明制造一种合金,其在X-射线下具有充足的不穿透射线性,在医疗过程中其清楚可见,然而其不穿透射线性并不干扰周围机体组织的可见性。
由于铌和钽可以任意混合,因此本发明的合金具有优秀的融化和混合特性以及良好的均一性。可通过改变钨、锆和钼的含量,或者任选改变铈、铼或铪的量来调整合金颗粒的大小。
令人惊讶地,本发明的合金比纯钽更坚硬,特定组分组成的合金硬度甚至要强于不锈钢。在一个优选实施例中,由本发明合金制备的支架具有合适的不穿透射线性,但其壁的厚度却降低了。当用于血管中时,该支架具有在X-射线下所需的可见性及放射状力,同时具有最小的传送外形以及最少的紊乱性。
本发明合金的另一优点是形成了主要由氧化钽(Ta2O5)组成的钝态氧化膜,其与不锈钢钝化过程中形成的诸如氧化铬膜相比,通常更耐用且具有更好的抗腐蚀性。
本发明的合金易于通过冷加工来增加其强度并减小其弹性模数。利用本领域技术人员已知的常规氧化和氮化的方法可在本发明合金上形成坚硬、且抗磨损的表面。由于医用移植物及器械需要有更低的摩擦和磨损、需要电绝缘性以及更好的抗腐蚀性,因此合金的坚硬、惰性且抗磨损的表层是医用移植物及器械进行选择的很重要条件。
为了进一步改善至少部分由本发明合金制备的医用移植物或器械的生物相容性,至少本发明合金表面的一部分可以是被硬化的和/或涂层的转换表面。该涂层可以包括,但不限于:聚合物、聚合物混合物、金属、金属混合物、陶瓷和/或生物分子,尤其是肽、蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物和/或核酸(例如胶原质、肝素、纤维蛋白、磷酸胆碱、纤维素、形态生成蛋白或肽、生长因子)。此外,合金表面或涂层可以包含干细胞和/或生物活性物质,尤其是药物、抗生素、生长因子、抗炎剂和/或抗血栓剂。进一步地,该表面可用电解法抛光或机械法抛光从而形成完全光滑的表面,可如EP0601804所述进行烧结形成多孔的涂层,或者通过糙化处理或微喷射处理,尤其是喷砂而使其具有粗糙表面。
本发明合金可用于制备多种医用移植物或器械。利用本发明合金制备的医用器械包括极小的介入型器械,尤其是导丝、导管(球形导管、引导管、血管造影导管、功能性导管等),管腔内移植物,尤其是食管内、尿道内、气管内移植物,以及血管内移植物,尤其是支架、支架移植物、支架移植连接器,心脏瓣膜修复器械或过滤器等。
优选的合金包括下述成分:
(a)约0.1~70%重量比的铌;
(b)总共约0.1~30%重量比的选自钨、锆或钼的至少一种元素;
(c)总共最多为5%重量比的选自铪、铼、或镧系元素,尤其是铈的至少一种元素;
(d)余量为钽。
该合金优选提供均一的β结构,其具有均一性及抗腐蚀性,具有通过氧化或氮化转换表面的能力,从而使医用移植物或器械硬度增加。
钨的含量优选为0.1~15%重量比。
锆的含量优选为0.1~10%重量比。
钼的含量优选为0.1~20%重量比,更优选为0.1~10%重量比。
铌的含量优选为5~25%重量比。
特别优选的合金包含约10%重量比的铌和约2.5%重量比的钨。
优选的合金还包括约10%重量比的铌和约7.5%重量比的钨。
优选的合金还包括约10%重量比的铌和约1%重量比的锆。
优选的合金还包括约10%重量比的铌和约3%重量比的锆。
本发明还涉及由上述合金制备的医用移植物或器械,例如极小的介入型器械,尤其是导管或导丝,或管腔内移植物,尤其是血管内移植物,诸如支架、支架移植物、支架移植连接器或心脏瓣膜修复器械等。
在上述的移植物或器械中,金属合金的表面可通过氧化或氮化反应钝化,或者通过电解法抛光或机械抛光,微喷射,糙化或烧结,或者采用聚合物、聚合物混合物、金属、金属混合物、陶瓷和/或生物分子尤其是肽、蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物和/或核酸进行涂层,也可采用干细胞和/或生物活性物质尤其是药物、抗生素、生长因子、抗炎剂和/或抗血栓剂进行涂层。
具体实施方式
可采用下述组成的合金实施本发明:
实施例1
Nb:27.5;Zr:1.0;Ta:71.5;
实施例2
Nb:10;W:2.5;Ta:87.5
实施例3
Nb:10;Mo:7.5;Ta:82.5
实施例4
Nb:20;Mo:3;Ta:77
实施例5
Nb:50;Zr:5,Ce:5;Ta:40
实施例6
Nb:55;W:1.0;Re:1.0;Ta:43
实施例7
Nb:26.5;Mo:1.0,Hf:1.0;Ta:71.5
制备合金的方法是本领域技术人员公知的。

Claims (19)

1.由金属合金制备的医用移植物或器械,所述医用移植物或器械至少部分包含一种金属合金,该合金包括:
(a)5~55%重量比的铌;
(b)0.1~15%重量比的钨和/或0.1~10%重量比的锆和/或0.1~20%重量比的钼;
(c)总共最多为5%重量比的选自铪、铼、或镧系元素的至少一种元素;
(d)余量为钽;
其中,所述合金提供了均一的β结构,其具有均一性及抗腐蚀性,并具有通过氧化或氮化转换表面的能力,从而使医用移植物或器械的硬度增加。
2.权利要求1所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述镧系元素是铈。
3.权利要求1所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述合金包括10%重量比的铌、7.5%重量比的钨,余量为钽。
4.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述合金包括5~25%重量比的铌。
5.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述合金包括10%重量比的铌和2.5%重量比的钨。
6.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述合金包括10%重量比的铌和7.5%重量比的钨。
7.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述合金包括10%重量比的铌和1%重量比的锆。
8.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述合金包括10%重量比的铌和3%重量比的锆。
9.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述医用器械是极小的介入型器械。
10.权利要求9所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述极小的介入型器械是导管或导丝。
11.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述医用移植物是管腔内移植物。
12.权利要求11所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述管腔内移植物是血管内移植物。
13.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述医用移植物是支架、支架移植物、支架移植连接器或心脏瓣膜修复器械。
14.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述金属合金的表面通过氧化或氮化反应进行钝化。
15.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述金属合金的表面是通过电解法抛光、机械抛光、微喷射、糙化或烧结处理的。
16.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述金属合金的表面采用聚合物、聚合物混合物、金属、金属混合物、陶瓷和/或生物分子进行涂层。
17.权利要求16所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述生物分子是肽、蛋白质、脂类、碳水化合物和/或核酸。
18.权利要求1或2所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述金属合金的表面采用干细胞和/或生物活性物质进行涂层。
19.权利要求18所述的医用移植物或器械,其中所述生物活性物质是药物、抗生素、生长因子、抗炎剂和/或抗血栓剂。
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US8349249B2 (en) 2013-01-08
US8403980B2 (en) 2013-03-26
US20100222866A1 (en) 2010-09-02
US20070221300A1 (en) 2007-09-27
US20080312740A1 (en) 2008-12-18
DE60309281D1 (de) 2006-12-07
US20040158309A1 (en) 2004-08-12
ATE343403T1 (de) 2006-11-15
DE60309281T2 (de) 2007-04-12
JP2004244726A (ja) 2004-09-02
DE60309281T3 (de) 2013-12-12
EP1444993A1 (en) 2004-08-11
CN1521284A (zh) 2004-08-18
EP1444993B1 (en) 2006-10-25
PT1444993E (pt) 2007-01-31
US20130166019A1 (en) 2013-06-27

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