CN1320762C - 分数多模量预定标器 - Google Patents

分数多模量预定标器 Download PDF

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CN1320762C
CN1320762C CNB021439532A CN02143953A CN1320762C CN 1320762 C CN1320762 C CN 1320762C CN B021439532 A CNB021439532 A CN B021439532A CN 02143953 A CN02143953 A CN 02143953A CN 1320762 C CN1320762 C CN 1320762C
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J·梅拉瓦
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Abstract

公开一种分数多模量预定标器,其中压控振荡器的输出被分成相互之间有90度相位关系的四个信号。复用器选择相位信号,以便在模量时间周期中运用分频功能。在响应随后的相位选择控制信号之前,复用器返回到原始选择的相位,从而防止产生多模量寄生频率信号。

Description

分数多模量预定标器
技术领域
本发明一般涉及频率合成和多模量预定标器,更具体地说,涉及相位切换的分数多模量预定标器。
技术背景
在锁相环频率合成器中,预定标器用于压控振荡器(VCO)的输出与相位频率检波器之间的反馈环路中,以便产生较高的频率。多模量预定标器是这样的,其中,分频比可以通过外部控制信号在多种分频比之间切换,从而扩展合成器的较高频率范围,但仍可进行较低频率的合成。例如,四模量预定标器提供四种不同的定标因数,需要两个控制信号来选择这四种不同定标因数之一。
多模量预定标器的缺点在于,由于多模量的作用而产生了不想要的寄生频率。这些不想要的寄生频率一般在所需频率的周围,增加了环路的噪声。寄生频率的产生是不期望的,在锁相环频率合成器用作通信系统、尤其是诸如蜂窝通信系统的多用户无线通信系统中的本机振荡器时,更是如此。
多模量预定标器的另一缺点是由具有可变分频比的分频器导致的系统级上速度的限制,这低于具有固定分频比的系统的速度。这种速度上的差异是由环路中插入的选择分频比的附加逻辑而引起的,这种附加逻辑在环路中引入更长的延迟。众所周知,利用正交相位在环路外从分频器中选择分频比,从而使系统加速。位于分频器之后的复用器(MUX)在输出端设置适当相位。尽管以这种方式选择分频比可以使系统操作加速,但是,由于MUX不总是返回到其原始相位,所以寄生频率产生的问题仍然存在。
因此,期望提出一种分数多模量预定标器,克服已知的预定标器普遍存在的问题。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种分数多模量预定标器,同时不会有模量引起的寄生频率。
发明内容
本发明提供一种分数多模量预定标器而不会有模量引起的寄生频率。在本发明的一方面中,分数多模量预定标器直接对输入到多相滤波器的输入频率信号进行操作。多相滤波器产生一个或多个输出相位信号,这些信号相互之间有90度的相位差。复用器连接在多相滤波器的输出端,响应复用器控制信号而选择一个或多个输出相位信号。异步N分频器的输入端连接到复用器的输出端。异步N分频器根据一个或多个所选的输出相位信号产生输出频率信号。相位控制器响应输入D-CTRL信号、MOD信号以及N分频器产生的反馈信号的出现而产生复用器控制信号,由此,输出频率信号是输入频率信号的所需分数倍。
附图说明
从下列结合附图的描述中,本发明的其它特征、好处和优点会变得显而易见,图中:
图1是说明反馈环路中的预定标器的代表性锁相环频率合成器的框图;以及
图2是实现本发明的分数多模量预定标器的示意性功能框图。
具体实施方式
图1中表示出反馈环路中具有预定标器的代表性锁相环频率合成器的功能框图,由10来总地指示该合成器。锁相环频率合成器10是一般类型的,通常称为分数N锁相环频率合成器,它包括相位频率检波器12、环路滤波器14以及压控振荡器(VCO)16。预定标器18和分频器20位于VCO输出和相位频率检波器的输入端之间的反馈环路中。参考频率Fref加在相位频率检波器12的输入端22,同时分频器20的输出24馈送到相位频率检波器12的输入端26。VCO 16的输出28是频率Fout,它按照由预定标器18和分频器20的组合确定的定标因数、与输入频率Fref相关。预定标器18可以是多模量预定标器,它提供不同的定标因数,例如,双模量预定标器提供两种不同的定标因数,而四模量预定标器提供四种不同的定标因数。图1所示的锁相环频率合成器的工作原理是采用反馈环路中具有分频功能的锁相环来频率合成的领域中的技术人员众所周知的。还应当理解,通过控制预定标器18和分频器20,在VCO输出端28的频率Fout可以是输入频率Fref的整数倍,或者是输入频率Fref的分数倍。
现在转到图2,其中示出实现本发明并且由100来总地表示的分数多模量预定标器的示意性功能框图。预定标器100包括多相滤波器102、复用器(MUX)104、N分频器106以及相位控制器108。N分频器106包括根据模量的数目并且对应于要产生的输出频率倍数的多个分频器。多模量预定标器100的输入信号是VCO产生的差分信号PM、即预定标器100所用于的频率合成器中VCO的VCO输出频率。输入信号PM是差分信号并且加在多相滤波器102的输入端110、112上,作为多相滤波器的时钟信号。多相滤波器102用于将输入信号分成正交信号或四个分离的信号,它们相互之间有90度相位差,并且在导线114、116、118、120上输出。输出导线114、116、118、120分别对应于0度相位、90度相位、180度相位和270度相位。多相滤波器102的输出114、116、118、120被输入到复用器104。如稍后描述的,相位控制器108具有连接到复用器104、用于控制该复用器的输出端122。相位控制器108对输入端124上的输入控制信号D-CTRL、输入端126上的MOD信号和来自N分频器106的分频器链中某分频器的输出端128的反馈信号作出响应而工作。来自输出端128的反馈信号被加至相位控制器108的输入端130,并且是从适当的分频器中选择的,以便产生预定标器100的所需分频比。D-CTRL信号是数字字,例如可以有三比特的长度,从而提供具有八种可能组合的数字字。D-CTRL信号字是由系统在多模量预定标器以外产生的,并且包含与从多相滤波器中选择的信号的相位相关的信息。当在输入端126上的MOD信号处于逻辑“低”时,相位控制器108被禁用,使得分别从多相滤波器的输出端114、116、118、120到MUX的四个输入信号中仅有一个被选中,并且连接到复用器104的导线132、134上的输出端。复用器在导线132、134上的输出端被连接到N分频器106的输入端136、138。复用器输出导线132、134上的输出信号对N分频器106的输入端136、138起到时钟信号的作用。N分频器106是异步N分频器,其中N是2的整数次幂,因此,在分频器106的输出端140上的输出频率Fout是输入参考频率的N分之一。当复用器104未被启用时,预定标器100执行基本分频。
当在输入端126的MOD信号是逻辑“高”时,相位控制器108被启用。随在输入端124上的控制字D-CTRL而定,相位控制器108使复用器104从多相滤波器102分别在导线114、116、118、120上的输出中选择不同的相位,从而把所选相位连接到N分频器106。因此,根据控制字D-CTRL,预定标器可以是单/双/多模量的预定标器。
本发明的预定标器100能够以下列方式执行除基本分频之外的功能。复用器104被启用,并且相位控制器108的输出信号122改变,使得复用器104把相对于输入端上出现的信号延迟90度的所选信号连接到复用器104的输出端132、134。如果出现的信号具有周期T0并且相对于该信号的延迟等于90度,则延迟为0.25×T0。由此得出,一般分频比为N+C/4,其中C是每个输出频率Fout周期中复用信号的变化次数。当相位控制器108的输出信号122在输出频率Fout的周期中切换例如四次时,预定标器的分频比是N+1。
由于输入信号由多相滤波器直接作用,从而产生相对于输入信号的90度相位差,所以有可能对输入信号频率进行复用。尽管频率合成器中的模量可以设置成任何数,但是,复用器经过所有相位(M×4×90度=M×360度,其中M是模量脉冲的数目),并且返回到其原始相位。申请人已发现,如果复用器的输出信号不返回到其模量内的原始相位,则寄生频率产生,这取决于从原始相位开始、回到原始相位的时间周期。这样,本发明的分数多模量预定标器的操作消除了寄生频率,因为不论模量数如何,复用器总是返回到其原始相位。
应当理解,不应认为本发明的分数多模量预定标器仅限于以上描述且示于图中的特定实施例,这些实施例仅仅是作为当前设想的实现本发明的最佳方式而举例说明的,如频率合成领域的技术人员所清楚的,可以利用多种完成所述功能的不同技术来实现,但是,本发明意在涵盖所有这类变化、修改及其等效物,只要可认为它们在所附权利要求书的范围内。因此,通过举例说明而不是限定的方式描述了本发明。

Claims (13)

1.一种分数多模量预定标器,它包括:
多相滤波器,它具有输入频率信号并且产生一个或多个输出相位信号,这些信号相互之间有90度的相位差;
连接到所述多相滤波器的复用器,用于响应复用器控制信号而选择所述一个或多个输出相位信号;
连接到所述复用器的异步N分频器,用于在其输入端接收所述一个或多个所选的输出相位信号并且产生输出频率信号;
相位控制器,用于响应包含与从多相滤波器中选择的信号的相位相关的信息的输入D-CTRL字信号、限定相位控制信号的MOD信号以及所述N分频器产生的反馈信号的出现而产生所述复用器控制信号,其中所述输出频率信号是所述输入频率信号的所需分数倍。
2.如权利要求1所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于还包括所述相位控制器,它响应“低”MOD信号而被禁用,其中分频比为N。
3.如权利要求1所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于还包括所述相位控制器,它响应“高”MOD信号而启用,从而产生所述复用器控制信号。
4.如权利要求3所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于还包括所述相位控制器,它根据所述D-CTRL字信号的值和所述N分频器反馈信号,产生所述复用器控制信号,其中所述复用器选择对应于所述D-CTRL字信号的输出相位信号。
5.如权利要求4所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于分频比为N+C/4,其中C值对应于在所述输出频率信号的一个周期中所述复用器控制信号的变化次数。
6.如权利要求5所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于,当所述复用器控制信号在所述输出频率信号的一个周期中变化四次时,所述分频比为N+1。
7.如权利要求1所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于,所述输入频率信号是差分信号。
8.如权利要求5所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于还包括所述复用器,它较频繁地选择所需输出相位信号以增加分频比,它以较低的频率选择所需输出相位信号以降低分频比。
9.一种用在锁相环分数N频率合成器中的分数多模量预定标器,它包括:
用于从频率合成器输出频率信号中提供正交信号的装置;
用于根据对应于模量数的相位选择控制信号选择所述正交信号的相位的装置;
对于在模量时间周期内选择的相位信号中的每一个、把分频功能运用在所述选择的相位信号上的装置,所述模量时间周期被定义成从原始选择的相位信号开始并返回到所述原始选择的相位信号;以及
在所述相位选择装置响应随后的相位选择控制信号之前、使所述相位选择装置返回到所述原始选择的相位的装置,从而防止多模量寄生频率信号的产生。
10.如权利要求9所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于,较频繁地选择相位信号以便增加所述分频功能的比值,以较低的频率选择相位信号以便降低所述分频功能的比值。
11.如权利要求9所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于,所述相位选择装置选择所述正交信号的两个相位,这样,所述多模量预定标器是双模量预定标器。
12.如权利要求9所述的分数多模量预定标器,其特征在于,所述相位选择装置选择所述正交信号的四个相位,这样,所述多模量预定标器是四模量预定标器。
13.一种用于提供无寄生频率的多模量预定标器的方法,它包括以下步骤:
提供对应于锁相环分数N频率合成器中压控振荡器的输出频率信号的正交信号;
根据对应于所述模量数的相位选择控制信号选择所述正交信号中的一个或多个相位;
对于在模量时间周期内选择的相位信号中的每一个,把分频功能运用于所选的相位信号,从而产生输入参考频率的所需分数倍;以及
在响应随后的相位选择控制信号之前,返回到所述正交信号的原始选择相位,从而防止多模量寄生频率信号的产生。
CNB021439532A 2001-09-26 2002-09-26 分数多模量预定标器 Expired - Lifetime CN1320762C (zh)

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CN101782991A (zh) 2010-07-21
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CA2461534A1 (en) 2003-04-03
US7117178B2 (en) 2006-10-03
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US20030061146A1 (en) 2003-03-27
AU2002333587A1 (en) 2003-04-07

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